Botulism-Based Outbreaks PDF

BOTULISM-BASED OUTBREAKS FDE-415 FOOD PLANT SANITATION PROF. DR. GÜZİN CANDAN GÜLTEKİN Başak Su Sirke 2312304 Beril Yılmaz 2312452 Melisa Şahin 2382729 OUTLINE 01 Introduction Introduction of Clostridium botulinum Introduction of Clostridium baratii 02...

BOTULISM-BASED OUTBREAKS FDE-415 FOOD PLANT SANITATION PROF. DR. GÜZİN CANDAN GÜLTEKİN Başak Su Sirke 2312304 Beril Yılmaz 2312452 Melisa Şahin 2382729 OUTLINE 01 Introduction Introduction of Clostridium botulinum Introduction of Clostridium baratii 02 Botulism What is Botulism and Its Symptoms Transmission Routes 03 Recent Outbreaks Recent botulism-based outbreaks CDC, ECDC Reports 04 Preventation Preventation Control Measures Clostridium Botulinum Gram positive bacterium. Produce botulinum toxin. Anaerobic bacterium Can form spore Foodborne transmission Rod shaped morphology Produce neurotoxin (Johnson,2014) Clostridium Baratii Gram Positive bacterium Rod-shaped Anaerobic bacterium Can form spore Motility Toxin production Produce neurotoxin (Silva-Andrade et al., 2022)  What is Botulism? The rare but deadly disease known as botulism is brought on by eating food contaminated with botulinum toxin. The bacteria Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium baratii, specifically type F toxin, are the source of this toxin.  Clostridium Botulinum SYMPTOMS Muscle weakness. Blurry or double-vision Dryness in your mouth and throat Breathing troubles Paralysis feeling lightheaded and weak. Autonomic dysfunction. It is worth noting that indications of botulism normally arise between 12 to 36 hours after toxin exposure, but onset might range from a few hours to several days. (Silva-Andrade et al., 2022). Clostridium Baratii Constipation Fussiness Poor feeding Excessive crying Reluctance to suck Difficulty swallowing Weakness Floppy muscles (loss of muscle tone) Decreased responsiveness to stimuli  Botulism Transmission Routes Foodborne Transmission: Cl.Botulinum toxin-contaminated food consumption Infant Botulism: When spores of Clostridium botulinum are consumed by infants, the bacteria can multiply and generate a toxin in the intestines, which eventually causes botulism. Wound Botulism: Spores of Clostridium botulinum can penetrate the body through wounds, particularly infections infected with soil or deep punctures. Inhalation Botulism: Aerosolization of the toxin, especially in industrial or laboratory environments, might cause this. Because of the possibility of intentional spread of the toxin, inhalation botulism poses a risk in bioterrorism scenarios. Iatrogenic Botulism: Injecting botulinum toxin for therapeutic purposes, such as treating a variety of ailments, can result in botulism. Outbreak in France On September 10, 2023, the Bordeaux University Hospital A potential case of botulism was alerted the local public health authority of three possible found when an individual had signs botulism cases. of the illness, such as oculomotor palsy, mydriasis, ptosis, dysphagia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Each person under suspicion reported that they had eaten canned marinated sardines and had visited Restaurant A in Bordeaux on several occasions. (Meurice et al., 2023) Outbreak in France for Cl. baratii In August 2015, three people who had eaten at a restaurant Within 24 to 48 hours of the onset that day were affected by of symptoms, each patient another botulism outbreak in developed quadriplegia and France, this time brought on by Clostridium baratii. respiratory failure, necessitating intubation and the use of breathing assistance. The average stay in the Respiratory support was hospital was 27 days. Thankfully, required in every instance. The every patient has subsequently most likely source of infection made a full recovery. turned out to be eating Bolognese sauce at the same establishment. (Blanc et al., 2016) Outbreak in Denmark In June 2018, nine people were ill with botulism as a result of an outbreak in Denmark. The Their Botulism symptoms included cause of the illness was double or blurred vision, drooping identified as a handmade eyelids, slurred speech, difficulty gelatinous ring containing eating or breathing, thick tongue, preserved lumpfish roe. parched mouth, and muscle weakness. One person fell sick from neurotoxic type E botulism after eating a handmade dry fish product. (SURVEILLANCE REPORT Botulism Annual Epidemiological Report for 2018 Key Facts, 2018) Outbreak in Türkiye In 2017, botulism was triggered by consuming menemen prepared with canned tomatoes in Adana. Within 1.5 months, all four members of the family were diagnosed and perished. According to specialists, bacterial development in canned food caused poisoning owing to the storage conditions. (Sipahi et al., 2019)  Outbreak in USA Ten persons were involved in a Although the cause of foodborne botulism epidemic contamination is unclear, a connected to nacho cheese sauce check of the petrol station dispensed from a dispenser at a revealed that the cheese in petrol station store. Symptoms the dispenser was around appeared on average three days 30 days over its expiration after drinking cheese sauce. date. The researchers discovered around 20 ounces of sauce in the dispenser with obvious oil separation, a temperature of 45°C, and a pH of 5.95, all of which would allow C. botulinum to thrive and produce poison. (Edwards et al., 2021) ECDC REPORTS FOR 2021 In 2021, there were 82 confirmed botulism cases in the world. 19 of the 30 nations that supplied data reported no instances. There were 0.02 cases per 100,000 individuals overall. Denmark had the highest notification rate, with 0.10 cases per 100,000 people, followed by Romania (0.06 cases per 100,000 people) and Italy (0.05 cases per 100,000). (“Botulism Annual Epidemiological Report for 2021", 2023) ECDC REPORTS FOR 2021 (“Botulism Annual Epidemiological Report for 2021", 2023) CDC REPORT FOR 2018 In 2018, health authorities reported 242 cases of botulism to the CDC. There were 162 (67%) newborn cases, 61 (25%) wound patients, 18 (7%) contaminated cases, and 1 (