Pilgrims' Journey PDF

The Pilgrims' Journey Hop ing to foll ow thei r ow n reli gio us beli efs, one gro up of Eng lish peo ple had John Smi th left Jam esto wn and in 1614...

The Pilgrims' Journey Hop ing to foll ow thei r ow n reli gio us beli efs, one gro up of Eng lish peo ple had John Smi th left Jam esto wn and in 1614 mo ved to the Net her land s. The y cam e explored nor th alon g the Atla ntic coast. Be made a map of the nor ther n area to be kno wn as Pilg rim s. A pilgrim is a he visited. He also nam ed the regi on per son who mak es a jou rne y for reli gio us New Eng land and wro te a boo k call ed reas ons. A Description of New England. Today, the The Pilg rim s had reli giou s free dom in the Net her land s, but they did not like region incl ude s six stat es-C onn ecti cut , Rhode Isla nd, Mas sach use tts, Ver mon t, the Dut ch way of life. The y wan ted to New Ham psh ire, and Mai ne. bui ld a soc iety whe re eve ryo ne sha red the sam e reli giou s beli efs. In Nor th Seeking Religious Freedom Am eric a, they wou ld get thei r cha nce. Many peo ple in Eng land read Sm ith' s The Virg inia Com pan y agr eed to pay book. It mad e the m thin k abo ut bui ld- the Pilg rim s' pas sag e to Nor th Am eric a. ing new com mun itie s in the regi on he In retu rn, the Pilg rim s wou ld rep ay the described. Som e peo ple wan ted to mov e com pan y wit h lum ber and furs from thei r there to mak e mon ey. Oth ers wan ted to new land. On a cold day in Sep tem ber move ther e for reli giou s reas ons. 1620, they left from Eng land on a ship Years earlier, Kin g Hen ry VIII had call ed the May flow er. banned the Cat holi c Chu rch in Eng land -READING-CHECK and repl aced it wit h the Chu rch of BMAIN England. Eve ryo ne in Eng land had to IDEA AND DETAILS Why did the Pilgrims belong to the Chu rch of Eng land , and want to go to North those who cho se not to wer e pun ishe d. America? > BOARDING THE MAYFLOWER In this painting, Pilgrims board to make their way toward the Mayflower. rowboats ' > PILGRIMS' RIGHTS Women were not allowed to sign the Mayflower Compact because at this time in history, women had fewer rights than men had. The Mayflower Compact The Mayflower Compact also included the idea of majority rule. If more than The Mayflower was headed for Virginia, half the people agreed to a law or a deci- but storms blew the ship off course. sion, everyone had to follow it. Instead, the Mayflower landed at Cape The settlers took several weeks to find Cod, in what is now Massachusetts. a place for their colony. They chose a site on a harbor. Fresh water and good land Self-Government for growing crops were nearby. John The settlers arrived in a place with no Smith had named the place Plymouth. government. To keep order, all the men William Bradford, one of Plymouth's aboard the Mayflower signed a compact, early governors, wrote, or agreement. This document became known as the Mayflower Compact. :fhe signers agreed that fairJaws would be ' ' Being thus arrived in a good harbor and brought safe to land, / made for the good of the colony. They they fell upon their knees and promised to obey these laws. blessed the God of heaven.,, The Mayflower Compact gave those who signed it the right to govern them- selves. At a time when monarchs ruled, READING CHECK 6MAIN IDEA AND DETAILS self-government was a very new idea. Why was the Mayflower Compact important? 164 r Unit 2  worker in Spain. After he escape d, he Building a Colony spent severa l years in Englan d before Althou gh the Plymo uth settlers tried returni ng home. to make wise decisio ns, the first winter Tisqua ntum showe d the Pilgrim s where was very hard. It was cold and long. By to fish and how to plant squash , com, and spring, 50 of the 102 settlers had died. pumpk ins. Because food was scarce, the Pilgrims were glad to live in peace with Help from Native Americans the Wamp anoag. Both groups benefit ed In the spring , the surviv ors got a very from their cooper ation. The colonists and welcome surpris e when an Abena ki the Native Americ ans both had valuab le Native Ameri can named Samos et items that the other group wanted. arrived, saying , "Welco me, English men." Tisqua ntum helped the colonists trade Samoset had learne d Englis h from sailors for furs from neighb oring tribes. The who fished along the Atlanti c coast. Native Americ ans were able to trade furs Several days later, Samos et returne d for items such as metal goods and cloth. to Plymo uth with Tisquantum, or Metal goods were very useful to them Squanto, as the Englis h called him. becaus e the metal could be reshap ed and He was a memb er of the Wamp anoag used to make tools or jewelr y. (wahm puh N OH ag ) tribe and also spoke English. Years before, Tisqua ntum READING CHECK 6MAIN IDEA AND DETAILS had been taken and sold as an enslav ed How did Tisquantum help the Pilgrims? How did people share news in earlier times? If there was important news to announce in Plymouth , a drummer would call the  > THE PILGRIMS' THANKSGIVING This painting was made nearly 300 years after d the event? the original event. How do you think this artist viewe goo ds read y to trade. How ever, the num- Plymouth Grows ber of peop le livin g in Plym outh stayed When the Plym outh colonists first low in its first ten year s. By 1630, there arrived, there was very little food to wer e only abo ut 300 colo nists. be had. To help, the colo ny's lead ers Trouble Starts d_ivided the harv est equa lly amo ng After 1630, othe r Eng lish colonists the families. Then, in 1623, the lead ers bega n to settle in diffe rent area s of New decided to divide the land amo ng the t.,.--,= --ts-:- The - onis =lt =was~ thcrtr ne-- peop le England. Life ther e bega n to change. CQ~ resu J~1any of the new colonists wer e not wor ked harder. frien cl1y tnwa rd-rhe Nati ve Americans and Growing Prosperity settteacm-m-ere-ef-thei rran as.S ome colo - The Plym outh colonists bega n to nists dia: not see a need-roc oo p ~ pros per from their farming, as well as the NativeAi'ner-ic-ans.-As-fig htsb roke out from fishing and fur trad ing. As new b~ ups, trad e between colonists came, earlier colonists had extra them cam e to an end. 166 Unit 2  New France While Spain and England were build- ing colonies in North America, France was also claiming land in what are today Canada and the northeastern United States. French claims to this region, which became known as New France, began with Jacques Cartier. He explored the St. Lawrence River in the early 1500s. He 1604 also started a trading partnership with the Huron people. ATLANTIC OCEAN \ &o w 40"N French merchants wanted the wealth 1o·w -1603 that came from the fur trade. The French -1604-1606 king wanted to add to his country's --+-1608-1609 s power. He pushed merchants to start 300Miles....... 1615 colonies in North America. - Present-day border Champlain founds Quebec MOVEMENT About how far did Champlain In time, a group of merchants ~ed travel to reach Lake Huron from Montreal? Samuel de Champlain (sham PLAYN) to find a place to build a settlement. In 1608, They learned their languages and ways Champlain founded Quebec along the of life. Since these traders spent much of St. Lawrence River. Quebec their time trapping and hunting, they was the first French settle- did not build many long-lasting ment in North America. settlements. In the 1630s, French Unlike the Spanish and Catholic missionaries English colonies, New France began arriving in New grew slowly. Most French France. These missionar- people were not interested in ies often lived with Native moving to North America. In Americans and learned their lan- the 1600s, the French built guages. The aim of the mission- only two main settlements aries was to convert the Native in all of North America- Americans to the Catholic religion. Quebec and Montreal. By Some French fur traders also 1625, the population of Quebec had lived with the Native Americans. grown to only about 60 people. READING CHECK0MAIN IDEA AND > SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN This statue DETAILS Why did New France grow of Champlain stands in Canada. slowly? Chapter 4 171 J.- L c,_ -  By 1626, Peter Minu it (MIN y·uh l New Netherland was governor of New Netherland ·wuh :1 D. t) Not long after the English starte d colo- this time, the Dutch believed they. ha:lI\g nies in North America, the Dutch began bough t Manhattan Island from the N.... to settle their own colony. They called it Amencan s who were living there. Asative in New Netherland. They built settlements other places, the Native Americans' ·ct along the Huds on River, in parts of what about land were different from thosel eas are now New York and New Jersey. of the new settlers. They believed that the land was for all people to use, anct The Dutch Fur Trade that nobod y could own the land. They The Dutch set up a colony in order to thoug ht the Dutch were paying them profit from the fur trade. The demand, only for the use of what was on the land. or desire , for furs was high. The Dutch In 1626, the Dutch began laying out trade d with Nativ e Amer icans , addin g to a town on the south end of Manhattan their suppl y of fur. Supply is the amou nt Island. They called the settlement New of a good that is offered for sale. When Amsterdam, after the city of Amsterdam the dema nd for a good is high, and the in the Netherlands. New Amsterdam was suppl y of a good is low, the price of the built next to a harbo r where the Hudson good usual ly goes up. River flows into the Atlantic Ocean. New Amsterdam, 1640s ILLUSTRATION New Amsterdam continued to grow. By 1643, more than 400 people lived there. What were the advantages and disadvantages of New Amsterdam's location? The center of New Amsterda m grew up around the fort. The marketplace, the church, and 1 the windmill were there..- - ~ ~ - ~ ,c,...O... ~ 172 ·. Unit 2 ~  This was a good place for trade. Ships could sail dow n the Hud son to New Algonquian who lived nearby had a strong fur-tradin g relationship. This Amsterdam to drop off their furs and to relationship wou ld soon face trouble. get supplies. Ship s wait ed in the harb or to carry the furs to Euro pe. By the late 1630s, conflicts with the Native Americans had grow n because the By the 1630s, New Ams terda m had settlers had cleared more land for farms. about 200 peop le and 30 hous es. There The colonists and the Native Americans were warehouses for stori ng food and attacked each othe r 's farms and villages. furs. For protection, the Dutc h built a fort The colonists then sent out an army that with high wall s mad e of ston e. destroyed Native American villages all New Sweden and More Conflicts over New Neth erlan d. In 1638, Swe dish settlers foun ded the In 1645, after man y colonists and colony of New Swe den to the sout h of Native Americans had been killed, the New Neth erlan d. New Swe den inclu ded two sides signed a peace treaty. By then, parts of pres ent-d ay Penn sylv ania, New the Algonquian of New Neth erlan d had Jersey, and Dela ware. Whe n the Swedes almost been wipe d out. began build ing hom es, the Dutc h wor- READING CHECK CAUSE AND EFFECT ried that these new settlers wou ld enter How did conflicts with the Dutch affect Native the fur trade. Dutc h colonists and the Americans in New Netherland? dI In the 1630s, there were only about 200 people living in New j Amsterdam. Today, the population._ k a '-'... · 1 of the island of Manhattan is over - u_-:;.:.~·~-~~._ ~-~ ~ 'i~ ~ ~ \ [.._ _. ♦ ~ ~ ~~-~~:t:'_t~ ~ ~. !l,._,._ 4.' one and a half million people. t.. all ~ -_ l~ """"';. - _.Ji... ,. -,~: ' ·......... ~ a-~,o. -........ ' ' Streets were made from paths that farmers used to travel to and from the town center.  river kept taking them south, they knew Exploring New France it was not the Northwest Passage. They As English and Dutch colonists moved floated down the river to the present-ct into parts of New France, fighting over state of Mississippi. ~ere, they mets ay - OJlle the fur trade began among the settlers. Native Americans who told them that Native American groups also fought with Europeans lived farther south. Fearin each other. Both the Huron and Iroquois the Europeans might be Spanish solcti?ers wanted to control lands in present-day the French turned back. ' Canada. The Huron were allies, or part- Founding Louisiana ners, with the French. The Iroquois were Later, French explorer Rene-Robert partners with the Dutch and the English. Cavelier (ka vuhl YAY), known as Sieur Fighting between these groups nearly de la Salle, set out to find the mouth of destroyed the Huron population and the the Mississippi River. In 1682, La Salle led French fur trade. an expedition that traveled south from Marquette and Joliet the Illinois River. During the difficult trip, The new French king, Louis XIV, did a member of the expedition wrote that, not want to lose France's North American after running out of food, they were lands. To protect them, he made New "living only on potatoes kd alligators." France a royal colony. Then he sent out After two months, the explorers more explorers to find a river west reached the mouth of the of Quebec called the Mississippi, Mississippi, at the Gulf of meaning "Father of Waters." He Mexico. La Salle claimed - - hoped the Mississippi would __allof the Missi_ssippi prove to be the Northwest River valley for France. Passage. He named the region In 1673, a small Louisiana in honor of King group, led by Catholic Louis XIV. missionary Jacques In 1684, La Salle returned Marquette (mahr- KET) to the Gulf coast. He failed and fur trader Louis to find the mouth of the Joliet (zhohl YAY), Mississippi River and instead set out to find landed in Texas. Hardships the Mississippi. there led to disagreements, With help from and La Salle was later killed Native Americans, by his men. they found the READING CHECK 6MAIN IDEA AND Mississippi. How- DETAILS How did French explorers ever, because the try to reach the king's goals? > HURON STATUE 174 · Unit 2  he gave the whole colony to one person Louisiana who would own it. In 1717, ~ w, , a Scottish banker, became Louisiana's The French king then sent another owner. Law started a company to bUi.lct expedition to Louisiana. Pierre Le Moyne (luh MWAHN) and his brother Jean- plantations and towns. ~ ht inJ;bo usands of new ~ ~ 2 , Baptiste (ZHAHN ba TEEST) reached the New Orleans, one of thecolony's first norther n coast of the Gulf of Mexico towns, became Louisiana's capital. in 1699. Soon after, they found the mouth Settlers built levees, or earthen walls, of the Mississippi River. The members of to protect the low-lying town from the expedition built a settlement along the river. In time, more settlers came, but floodwater. Despite Law's efforts, the colony still they experienced many of the same hard- needed more workers. Many plantation ships that La Salle had faced. owners brough t in enslaved Africans to New Orleans do the work. The French government In 1712, the French king made soon passed laws that limited where Louisiana a proprietary colony Africans in Louisiana could live and what (pruh PRY uh ter ee). This meant that kinds of work they could do. '' ,: I ,I 176 , Unit 2 '