BONDING AND WATER.pdf

BONDING AND WATER Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Atoms are not composed of a. protons. c. electrons. b. neutrons....

BONDING AND WATER Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Atoms are not composed of a. protons. c. electrons. b. neutrons. d. chemical bonds ____ 2. The electrons of an atom a. are found in the nucleus along with the protons. b. occupy the space surrounding the nucleus. c. have a positive charge. d. are attached to the positive charge of neutrons. ____ 3. The smallest particle of matter that can retain the chemical properties of carbon is a carbon a. molecule. c. atom. b. macromolecule. d. element. ____ 4. A substance that is composed of only one type of atom is called a(n) a. compound. c. element. b. cell. d. molecule. ____ 5. All matter is composed of a. cells. c. atoms. b. molecules. d. carbon. ____ 6. Covalent bonds form when a. two molecules of water share electrons. b. a molecule of water becomes an ion. c. two hydrogen atoms share electrons with one oxygen atom. d. two hydronium ions are attracted to each other. ____ 7. Ionic bonds form between particles that have a. opposite charges. c. no charges. b. the same charge. d. neutral charges. ____ 8. The bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons is called a(n) a. hydrogen bond. c. covalent bond. b. ionic bond. d. water bond. ____ 9. Sharing of electrons in the outer energy levels of two atoms a. results in ion formation. b. makes both atoms stable. c. only occurs if both are atoms of the same element. d. is found only among carbon atoms. ____ 10. A molecule that has a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other side is called a(n) a. nonpolar molecule. c. charged molecule. b. polar molecule. d. ion. ____ 11. Nonpolar molecules have  a. no negative or positive ends. c. only a negative end. b. both negative and positive ends. d. only a positive end. ____ 12. When placed in the same container, oil and water do not mix because a. they are both polar. c. they are both nonpolar. b. water is polar and oil is nonpolar. d. water is nonpolar and oil is polar. ____ 13. Attractions between water molecules are called a. covalent bonds. c. polar bonds. b. ionic bonds. d. hydrogen bonds. ____ 14. Water is a polar molecule because a. it contains two hydrogen atoms for each oxygen atom. b. it has a charge. c. different parts of the molecule have slightly different charges. d. it does not have a charge. ____ 15. Which is not a unique property of water? a. Frozen water floats. b. Water retains a large amount of heat. c. Water molecules stick to each other. d. Water cools rapidly. ____ 16. Acidic solutions have a pH that is a. less than 7. c. a negative number. b. between 7 and 14. d. more than 7. ____ 17. Hydronium ions, H+, react with hydroxide ions, OH−, to form a. water. c. a base. b. an acid. d. a buffer. ____ 18. Which of the following is not a large biomolecule? a. carbohydrate c. lipid b. ice d. nucleic acid ____ 19. The building blocks of most biomolecules contain the element a. carbon. c. calcium. b. nitrogen. d. sodium. ____ 20. Which of the following molecules are classified as carbohydrates? a. amino acids c. nucleotides b. fats d. sugars ____ 21. Polysaccharides are a. carbohydrates. c. proteins. b. lipids. d. nucleic acids.  Molecule A Molecule B ____ 22. Refer to the illustration above. Molecule A is a a. carbohydrate. c. nucleic acid. b. lipid. d. protein. ____ 23. Plants store glucose in the form of a. starch. c. cellulose. b. glycogen. d. chitin. ____ 24. Which of the following is a carbohydrate? a. ATP c. wax b. steroid d. sucrose ____ 25. Lipids are a. soluble in water. b. made of chains of amino acids. c. linked together with peptide bonds. d. used by the body for storing energy. ____ 26. All of the following are examples of lipids except a. oil. c. steroids. b. starch. d. candle wax. ____ 27. Which molecules are most closely related to lipids? a. amino acids b. long chains of carbon and hydrogen c. nucleotides d. sugars ____ 28. Which of the following molecules are most closely related to proteins? a. amino acids c. nucleotides b. monosaccharides d. sugars ____ 29. Long chains of amino acids are found in a. carbohydrates. c. proteins. b. lipids. d. sugars. ____ 30. The overall shape of a single chain of amino acids in a protein is that protein’s a. primary structure. c. tertiary structure. b. secondary structure. d. quaternary structure. ____ 31. The amino group of one amino acid is linked to the carboxyl group of another amino acid in a protein. This link is a(n) a. peptide bond. c. ionic bond.  b. hydrogen bond. d. polar bond. ____ 32. What gives each amino acid its unique properties? a. its side group c. its carboxyl group b. its amino group d. its sequence ____ 33. The two types of nucleic acids are a. RNA and ATP. c. DNA and ATP. b. DNA and RNA. d. nucleotides and ATP. ____ 34. Which of the following molecules are most closely related to nucleic acids? a. amino acids c. nucleotides b. fats d. sugars ____ 35. DNA stores a. fat. c. energy. b. carbohydrates. d. hereditary information. ____ 36. The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by a. ionic bonds. c. hydrogen bonds. b. covalent bonds. d. peptide bonds. ____ 37. Which of the following is not part of a nucleotide in a DNA molecule? a. three phosphate groups c. a base b. a sugar d. a phosphate group ____ 38. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) stores energy in the bonds between its a. hydrogen atoms. c. nucleotides. b. carbon atoms. d. phosphate groups. ____ 39. When paper burns, the paper combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water vapor. How does the mass of carbon dioxide plus water vapor compare with the mass of the paper plus oxygen? a. The mass of carbon dioxide plus water vapor is greater than that of paper plus oxygen. b. The mass of carbon dioxide plus water vapor is less than that of paper plus oxygen. c. It is impossible to tell. d. The mass of carbon dioxide plus water vapor is identical to that of paper plus oxygen. ____ 40. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be a. changed from one form to another. b. taken from the surroundings in a reaction. c. released into the surroundings in a reaction. d. created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. ____ 41. A chemical reaction will probably occur between two substrate molecules if they a. are far apart. b. are aligned in the wrong spatial orientation. c. have large amounts of kinetic energy. d. have little kinetic energy. ____ 42. Reducing activation energy a. is a violation of the laws of nature. b. requires higher temperatures than those found within cells. c. occurs only when reactants are quickly added to the reaction mixture. d. is accomplished by the action of enzymes on reactants. ____ 43. Refer to the illustration above. Which of the following statements regarding the graph is true? a. Reaction 2 occurs faster than Reaction 3 because Reaction 2 requires more energy than Reaction 3. b. The difference between the graphs shown for Reaction 2 and Reaction 3 occurs because of a difference in the activation energy of these reactions. c. Reactant A contains more energy at the beginning of the reaction than product C has at the end of the reaction. d. Product B contains more energy at the end of the reaction than reactant A has at the beginning of the reaction. ____ 44. Refer to the illustration above. Reaction 3 in the graph a. probably occurred in the presence of an enzyme. b. requires more activation energy than Reaction 2. c. is the same as Reaction 1, but faster. d. is slower than Reaction 2. ____ 45. The molecule on which an enzyme acts is called a(n) a. active site. c. polar molecule. b. inactive site. d. substrate. ____ 46. An enzyme a. is used up in a reaction. b. raises the activation energy of a reaction. c. bonds with an active site on a substrate molecule. d. lowers the activation energy of a reaction. ____ 47. Enzymes a. are able to heat up molecules so that they can react. b. always provide carbon dioxide for chemical reactions. c. hold substrate molecules in the correct alignment. d. absorb excess heat so that reactions occur at low temperatures. ____ 48. A cell contains a. thousands of different kinds of enzymes, each assisting in a different chemical reaction. b. one kind of enzyme that assists in thousands of different chemical reactions. c. approximately 100 kinds of enzymes, each assisting in a different chemical reaction. d. one enzyme that assists in reactions involving protein substrates and one enzyme that assists in reactions involving substrates that are not proteins. WATER Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 3.1.1 2. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 3.1.1 3. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 3.1.1 4. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 3.1.1 5. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 3.1.1 6. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: III OBJ: 3.1.2 7. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 3.1.2 8. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 3.1.2 9. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: III OBJ: 3.1.2 10. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 3.1.3 11. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 3.1.3 12. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 3.1.3 | 3.2.2 13. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 3.1.3 | 3.2.2 14. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 3.1.3 15. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 3.2.1 16. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 3.2.2 17. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: III OBJ: 3.2.2 18. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 3.3.1 19. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: III OBJ: 3.3.1 20. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 3.3.2 21. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 3.3.2 22. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 3.3.2 23. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 3.3.2 24. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 3.3.2 25. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 3.3.3 26. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 3.3.3 27. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: III OBJ: 3.3.3 28. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: III OBJ: 3.3.4 29. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 3.3.4 30. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: III OBJ: 3.3.4 31. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 3.3.4 32. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 3.3.4 33. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 3.3.5 34. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: III OBJ: 3.3.5 35. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 3.3.5 36. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 3.3.5 37. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: III OBJ: 3.3.5 38. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 3.3.5 39. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: III OBJ: 3.4.1 40. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 3.4.1 41. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: III OBJ: 3.4.2 42. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 3.4.2 43. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: III OBJ: 3.4.2 44. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: III OBJ: 3.4.3 45. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 3.4.3 46. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 3.4.3 47. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 3.4.3 48. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: III OBJ: 3.4.3