Body Fluids & Circulation - 01 PDF

# Body Fluids & Circulation - 01 - Detailed course on Zoology - Dr. Sakettar Singh - Less 75 - Sept 11, 2024 ## Circulatory System - Circulation (परिसंचरण) : pipeline network in animals, which transports nutrients (O2), excretory products (CO2) from body cells and to the body cells respectively....

# Body Fluids & Circulation - 01 - Detailed course on Zoology - Dr. Sakettar Singh - Less 75 - Sept 11, 2024 ## Circulatory System - Circulation (परिसंचरण) : pipeline network in animals, which transports nutrients (O2), excretory products (CO2) from body cells and to the body cells respectively. - **Angiology:** study of circulatory system. - **William Harvey:** father of Angiology. ### Types of circulatory systems - **Blood circulatory system:** a closed circulatory system, which transports **blood**. - **Lymphatic system:** an open circulatory system, which transports **lymph**. ## Blood - **Blood:** fluid connective tissue. - **Matrix:** plasma - 90-92% water - 6-8% protein - Albumin: maintains blood colloidal osmotic pressure - **Deficiency:** Edema (painless swelling) & inflammation (painful swelling). - Globulin: related to immunity. - Fibrinogen: related to blood clotting. - **Nutrients** - **Ions:** Na+, K+, Ca++, Mg++, HCO3-, SO4--, PO4--3 etc. - **Excretory products** - **Hormones**, **enzymes**, **gases**, **antibody** - **Buffers** - **Formed elements:** - **RBC:** red blood cell/ रक्ताणु/ Erythrocyte - Contains hemoglobin. - **Count:** 5.5 million/ mm3 (male), 4.5 million/ mm3 (female). - **Shape:** biconcave (oval shape). - **Life span:** 90-120 days. - **Formation:** Erythropoiesis - Requires vitamin B12 and folic acid. - **Production:** - **Yolk sac:** 1st haemopoietic organ. - **Liver/spleen:** 2nd haemopoietic organ. - **Bone marrow (Red):** Adult haemopoietic organ. - **Abnormal increase in RBC count (Polycythemia):** >= 16 gm/100 ml Hb. It is generally observed in people residing in mountainous regions. - **Abnormal decrease in RBC count (Anemia):** Haemoglobin deficiency - **WBC:** white blood cells/ श्वेताणु/ Leucocytes - **Function:** Immunity. - **Count:** 6000 - 8000 / mm3. - Increases due to infections. - Decreases due to HIV, typhoid etc. - **Types:** - **Granulocytes:** - **Neutrophils:** 60 - 65% of total WBCs. - **Eosinophils:** 2 - 3% of total WBCs - **Basophils:** 0.5 - 1% of total WBCs - **Agranulocytes:** - **Monocytes:** 6 - 8% of total WBCs - **Lymphocytes:** 20 - 25% of total WBCs - **Platelets:** help in blood clotting. ## Lymph - **Lymph:** a colorless fluid, found in lymphatic system. - **Lymphatic system:** a network of lymph vessels, tissues, nodes. - **Lymph** consists of **lymph** and **lymphatic vessels**.