BMS150_MIC2-01ON_URTI_Win2023 (1) (1).pdf

MICROBIOLOGY OF UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT IN TRODUCTION AN D TOUR OF THE M ICROBIOME Prepared by: BMS 150 Nick Inglis, Ph.D. January 2023 VIDEO LINKS Introduction & Normal Microbiota Bacterial Pharyngitis Viral Diseases REVIEW: RESPIRATORY ANATOMY Nasal cavity...

MICROBIOLOGY OF UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT IN TRODUCTION AN D TOUR OF THE M ICROBIOME Prepared by: BMS 150 Nick Inglis, Ph.D. January 2023 VIDEO LINKS Introduction & Normal Microbiota Bacterial Pharyngitis Viral Diseases REVIEW: RESPIRATORY ANATOMY Nasal cavity Oral cavity Upper Respiratory Nostril Pharynx System Larynx Lower Respiratory System Trachea Left main Carina of (primary) trachea bronchus Right main Left lung (primary) bronchus Right lung Diaphragm REVIEW: RESPIRATORY ANATOMY Conducting zone/respiratory zone REVIEW: THE MUCOCILIARY ESCALATOR AND ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES MICROBIOMES OF THE UPPER AND LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT Lower respiratory system free of resident microbiota Upper respiratory system has a diverse microbiome - Nose: Haemophilus bacteria, Veillonella bacteria, diphtheroid - Nasal cavity: Staphylococcus bacteria, diphtheroid - Pharynx: Staphylococcus bacteria, Streptococcus bacteria, diphtheroid NORMAL MICROBIOME OF THE PHARYNX AND NASAL CAVITY: 1. HAEMOPHILUS SPP. X Factor (Hemin) V Factor (NAD+) H. influenzae NORMAL MICROBIOME OF THE PHARYNX AND NASAL CAVITY: 2.VEILLONELLA SPP. Gram-negative Anaerobic Potent lactate fermenters Potent nitrate reducers Veillonella parvula (e.g.) NORMAL MICROBIOME OF THE PHARYNX AND NASAL CAVITY: 3. STAPHYLOCOCCUS SPP. Staphylococcus aureus: - Pneumonia - Meningitis - Osteomyelitis - Toxic shock syndrome - Sepsis - Scalded Skin syndrome - Folliculitis - Pimples - Etc. NORMAL MICROBIOME OF THE PHARYNX AND NASAL CAVITY: 4. DIPHTHEROIDS Corynebacterium diptheriae Propionibacterium acnes NORMAL MICROBIOME OF THE PHARYNX AND NASAL CAVITY: 5. ALPHA-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI Beta-hemolysis Alpha-hemolysis No hemolysis (gamma-hemolysis) blood agar Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pyogenes PROS AND CONS OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY MICROBIOME GOOD: It limits infection! BAD: Opportunistic pathogens abound! MICROBIOLOGY OF UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT BACTERIAL PHARYNGITIS Prepared by: BMS 150 Nick Inglis, Ph.D. January 2023 STREPTOCOCCAL PHARYNGITIS: ‘STREP THROAT’: SIGNS/SYMPTOMS - Pain during swallowing - Bad breath - Fever - Malaise - Headache CAUSATIVE AGENT: STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES Gram positive, facultative anaerobes Lancefield Group A Streptococcus Beta-hemolytic STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES: VIRULENCE FACTORS M protein (C3b inhibitor) Hyaluronic acid capsule Streptokinases C5a peptidase Pyrogenic (erythrogenic) toxins Streptolysin O STREPTOCOCCAL PHARYNGITIS: EPIDEMIOLOGY