Faculty of Nursing - Fall 2024 Physiology - PDF

F A C U L T Y O F N u r s i n g F A L L 2 0 2 4 Faculty of Nursing Physiology AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM Dr. Doaa Abdel Wahed Physiology Department Faculty of...

F A C U L T Y O F N u r s i n g F A L L 2 0 2 4 Faculty of Nursing Physiology AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM Dr. Doaa Abdel Wahed Physiology Department Faculty of Medicine 2 Faculty of Nursing Intended Learning Outcomes - By the end of this lecture, you should be able to: 1. Define the nervous system and identify its general organization. 2. Identify the differences between somatic nervous system & autonomic nervous system. 3. Know the divisions of autonomic nervous system. 4. Identify the anatomical origin of ANS divisions and their functions. 5. Identify sites of autonomic ganglia. 6. Define the neurotransmitters of ANS. 7. List the different types of neurotransmitters in different parts of ANS. 3 Faculty of Nursing The Nervous System - The Nervous System is the master controlling and communicating system of the body. - It transmits impulses to every organ in the body to control its activity. 4  Faculty of Nursing General organization of nervous system Nervous System Central Nervous Peripheral System Nervous System Brain Spinal Cord Somatic Autonomic Sympathetic Parasympathetic 5 Faculty of Nursing Overview of the structural and functional organization of the nervous system 6 Faculty of Nursing Divisions of the peripheral Nervous System -Peripheral Nervous System is divided into: Somatic Division: the effector organ is a skeletal muscle. Autonomic Divisions :the effector organ is a smooth muscle or a gland. 7 Faculty of Nursing Somatic Versus autonomic nervous system 8 Faculty of Nursing Neurons (Nerve Cells) ✓ Nerve Cell is the structural unit of the nervous system. ✓ Composed of a body, axon and dendrites. 9 Faculty of Nursing Autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous system (ANS) is responsible for regulation of visceral functions of the body. So, it is also called involuntary nervous system. 10 Faculty of Nursing Divisions of Autonomic nervous system(ANS) Sympathetic nervous system ANS Parasympathetic nervous system 11 Faculty of Nursing Cranial division Anatomical origin of Parasympathetic nervous system (Craniosacral) Cranial nerves (III, VII, IX, & X), S2–S4 Sacral division(S2- S4) 12 Faculty of Nursing Anatomical origin of Sympathetic Thoracic segments nervous system T1-T12 (Thoraco-lumbar) (Thoracolumbar) Lumber (T1 – L2) (L1-L2) 13 Faculty of Nursing 1- Sympathetic system: Thissystem increases its activity under conditions of physical or psychological stress (fight or flight response). During this response: 1- Heart rate and blood pressure increase. 2- Blood flow increases to the heart. 3- The liver releases glucose. 4- The pupils dilate. 5- The activity of the gastrointestinal tract decreased. 14 Faculty of Nursing 15  Faculty of Nursing 2- Parasympathetic system: This is activated, when a person is in a rest or digest state. The activity if the gastrointestinal tract increases. 16 Faculty of Nursing 17 Faculty of Nursing 18 Faculty of Nursing Divisions of nervous system ????? Somatic vs autonomic nervous system ????? Divisions of ANS ????? Functions of ANS ????? 19 Faculty of Nursing 20 Faculty of Nursing Autonomic Ganglia Autonomic nervous system is made up of two neurons. The synapse between the two neurons is called autonomic ganglion. The neurons passing between the central nervous system and the ganglia are called preganglionic neurons. The neurons passing between the ganglia and the effector cells are postganglionic neurons. Faculty of Nursing Autonomic Ganglia 22 Faculty of Nursing Types of Ganglia Most of the sympathetic ganglia are close to the spinal cord (lateral ganglia). Other sympathetic ganglia are in the abdominal cavity (collateral ganglia). The parasympathetic ganglia lie very close to the organs (Terminal ganglia). 23 Faculty of Nursing Neurotransmitters Neurotransmitters Are Chemicals used for neuronal communication. They bind to specific receptors to perform its action. 24  Faculty of Nursing Neurotransmitters in ANS At the ganglia neurotransmitter for both sympathetic and parasympathetic Is acetyl choline. Post ganglionic sympathetic release nor-adrenaline. Post ganglionic parasympathetic release acetylcholine. 25 Faculty of Nursing Neurotransmitters in ANS 26 Faculty of Nursing Adrenergic Receptors Are receptors in all the organs innervated by the postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic system. They are activated by noradrenaline. Faculty of Nursing Cholinergic Receptors - Muscarinic receptors are present in all the organs innervated by the postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic system. -They are activated by acetyl Choline. Faculty of Nursing 29 Faculty of Nursing Preganglionic Vs postganglionic neurons ????? Types of autonomic ganglia ???? Neurotransmitters in ANS ????? 30 Faculty of Nursing 31 Faculty of Nursing