BME305 Introduction to Biomechanics - PDF 2010

L1 Introduction to Biomechanics and Physical Concepts Lecturer: Dr. Samet ÇIKLAÇANDIR [email protected] Office: H1-73 Department of Biomedical Engineering  Weeks Subjects Date Week 1 Int...

L1 Introduction to Biomechanics and Physical Concepts Lecturer: Dr. Samet ÇIKLAÇANDIR [email protected] Office: H1-73 Department of Biomedical Engineering  Weeks Subjects Date Week 1 Introduction to Biomechanics and Physical Concepts 2.10.2024 Week 2 Basic Physics Review 9.10.2024 Week 3 Moment and Momentum 16.10.2024 Week 4 Kinetics-Kinematics 23.10.2024 Syllabus Week 5 Kinetics-Kinematics 30.10.2024 Week 6 Human Movements 6.11.2024 Week 7 Human Movements Analysis 13.11.2024 Midterm (16-24).11.2024 Week 8 Solid Mechanics 27.11.2024 Week 9 Orthopeadic Biomechanics 4.12.2024 Week 10 Orthopeadic Biomechanics 11.12.2024 Week 11 Additive Manufacturing Technologies 18.12.2024 Week 12 Finite Element Analysis 25.12.2024 Week 13 Finite Element Analysis 1.01.2025 Week 14 Finite Element Analysis 8.01.2025 2  Intro ‘Mechanics applied to biology’, The study of the mechanics of living organisms, Analyzing the forces that act on the body, How structures within the body (like bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments) work together to create movement 3  Why study biomechanics? Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation Designing Prosthetics and Orthotics Devices Surgical Planning and Techniques Enhancing Athletic Performance Advancing Ergonomics and Workplace Safety Understanding Human Movement Advancing Robotics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) 4  Applications Designing prosthetic limbs, joint replacements in Orthopedics Gait Analysis Biorobotics Biomechanical Modeling and Simulations Finite Element Modeling Additive Manufacturing Reverse Engineering Crash Testing Materials Testing 5  Flashback and Remembering Planes and directions of human movement Motions According to Anatomical Reference Planes Anatomical position and body segments Center of mass Degrees of freedom (DoF) Joints Quantitative vs Qualitative 6  Planes and Directions of Human Movement Superior: closer to the head Inferior: farther away from the head Anterior: toward the front of the body Posterior: toward the back of the body Medial: toward the midline of the body Lateral: away from the midline of the body Proximal: closer in proximity to the trunk (For example, the knee is proximal to the ankle) Distal: at a distance from the trunk (For example, the wrist is distal to the elbow) Superficial: toward the surface of the body Deep: inside the body and away from the body surface 7 Exercise of Anatomical Planes 8 Sagittal Plane Movements 9 Coronal/Frontal Plane Movements 10 Transverse Plane Movements (Internal) (External) 11 Anatomical Position and Body Segments Anatomical Reference Position Erect standing position with all body parts, including the palms of the hands, facing forward; considered the starting position for body segment movements. It is not a natural standing position, but is the body orientation conventionally used as the reference position or starting place when movement terms are defined. 12  Center of mass The center of mass is the weighted average position of all the mass in a body or system. It is the point where the mass distribution is balanced in all directions. σ 𝑚𝑖 𝑟𝑖 𝑅= σ 𝑚𝑖 where mi and ri are the mass and position vector of the i-th particle, respectively. Balance and Stability: The center of mass helps in understanding the stability of objects. An object is more stable if its center of mass is lower and within its base of support. 13  Center of mass Sacral promontory, anterior to S2 A point around which every particle of a body's mass is equally distributed. A body behaves as if its entire mass acts or is acted upon at its center of gravity. The center of mass of a distribution of mass in space is the unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero. 14 Examples of Locations of the Center of Mass 15  CoM Exercise To find center of mass from the origin: The point masses are at positions, x1 = 4 m, x2 = 8 m from the origin along X axis. 16  CoM Exercise Consider the system of three flat objects of uniform density shown in Figure. Calculate the location of the center of mass; 17  CoM Exercise Consider the irregularly-shaped flat, uniform density object shown in Figure. Calculate the location of the center of mass; 18  Degrees of freedom (DoF) The number of kinematic measurements needed to describe the position Y RZ Z Y X X 3 DoF 6 DoF 1 DoF In Planar Motion XYZ Translational, RxRyRz Rotation (XY Translational, RZ Rotation) 19  Degrees of freedom (DoF) Depends on types of synovial joints – Joints with 1 DoF: e.g. elbow – Joint with 2 DoFs: knee, wrist – Joints with 3 DoFs: shoulder, hip Kinematic chain is derived from combining degrees of freedom at various joints to produce a skill or a movement The chain is the summation of the DoF in adjacent joints that identifies the total degrees of freedom necessary for the performance of a movement Example: kicking a ball: 11 DoF: hip 3, knee 2, ankle 1, foot 3, toes 2 20  Ball and Socket Shoulder Synovial Joints Hip Plane/Gliding Acromioclavicular Sternoclavicular Vertebrocostal Sacro-iliac Pivot Proximal radioulnar Atlantoaxial Hinge Elbow Knee Ankle Interphalangeal Saddle Carpometacarpal Condylar/Ellipsoid Radiocarpal Metacarpophalangeal Metatarsophalangeal 21  Type of Joint Movements DoF Hinge Flexion/Extension 1 Flexion/Extension Abduction/Adduction Ball and socket Medial Rotation/Lateral Rotation 3 Circumduction Rotation Plane (gliding) Gliding movements 1 Flexion/Extension Saddle Abduction/Adduction 2 Flexion/Extension Condyloid Abduction/Adduction 2 Pivot Rotational 1 22  Quantitative vs Qualitative Analysis of human movement may be either quantitative or qualitative. oQuantitative implies that numbers are involved. oQualitative refers to a description of quality without the use of numbers. 23 Quantitative vs Qualitative Quantitatively, the robot missed the coffee cup by 15 cm. Qualitatively, it malfunctioned. 24  Key Terms Finite element analysis Sonlu elemanlar analizi Reverse engineering Tersine mühendislik Center of mass Kütle merkezi Degrees of freedom Serbestlik derecesi Quantitative Nicel Qualitative Nitel Kinetics Kinetik Kinematics Kinematik 25 26