Blood and Bone Marrow Histology Student Version.pdf

BLOOD & BONE MARROW Histology Insert Image Here  Learning Objectives 1. List the main types of peripheral blood cells and their relative proportions 2. Describe the structure and function of an erythrocyte 3. Describe the structure and function...

BLOOD & BONE MARROW Histology Insert Image Here  Learning Objectives 1. List the main types of peripheral blood cells and their relative proportions 2. Describe the structure and function of an erythrocyte 3. Describe the structure and function of a monocyte 4. Describe the structure and function of the various types of lymphocytes 5. Describe the structure and function of a neutrophil 6. Describe the structure and function of an eosinophil 7. Describe the structure and function of a basophil 8. Describe the structure and function of platelets 9. Differentiate between peripheral blood smears and bone marrow smears 10. State the main differences between the two types of bone marrow 11. List the main cell types at the stages of erythropoiesis and granulopoiesis and describe their main features 12. Describe the role of megakaryocytes in thrombopoiesis 13. Discuss the clinical relevance of blood cell counts, particularly levels of: erythrocytes, reticulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, band neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils. 1: Overview of Blood 2: Erythrocytes 3: Leukocytes 4: Monocytes & Macrophages 5: Lymphocytes & Plasma Cells 6: Granulocytes & Mast Cells 7: Platelets 8: Overview of Bone Marrow 9: Erythropoiesis 10: Granulopoiesis 11: Thrombopoiesis BLOOD & BONE MARROW  2 year old Emma was playing at central park and got a sliver in her foot. Two days later the area containing the sliver was red with a white exudate. If a smear was taken of this material, what would the predominant cell type be?  24 year old Joey was backpacking through the foothills of mount Tibidabo. After his return to New York, he experienced ongoing gastrointestinal upsets due to a parasitic infection. A blood smear was performed. Which blood cell would most likely be increased in this situation?  A few minutes after allowing his girlfriend’s pet rat (Bob) and mouse (Susie) to crawl on his arm, Mike develops raised, red, itchy skin. Which blood cell would have caused a reaction at this site?  Composition of Blood Plasma: Approx. 55% of whole blood 91% Water 7% Proteins: Albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, other plasma proteins 2% Others: electrolytes, gasses, vitamins, nutrients, hormones, blood gasses, etc. Anemia Polycythemia Buffy Coat: less than 1% of whole blood Leukocytes (WBCs) Platelets Hematocrit: Microhematocrit 45% of whole blood Tube Erythrocytes (RBCs)  Formed Elements of Blood Neutrophils (55%) Plasma Thrombocytes (Platelets) Eosinophils Granulocytes Basophils (1%) Buffy Coat Leukocytes (White Blood Cells) Monocytes (45%) Hematocrit Agranulocytes Lymphocytes Microhematocrit Erythrocytes Tube (Red Blood Cells)  Visualizing Blood Traditional Microscopy SEM TEM H&E Stained LM Slide Visualizing Blood Blood Smears Basic Dyes (Ex. Azure Blue) and Eosin Stained 1: Overview of Blood 2: Erythrocytes 3: Leukocytes 4: Monocytes & Macrophages 5: Lymphocytes & Plasma Cells 6: Granulocytes & Mast Cells 7: Platelets 8: Overview of Bone Marrow 9: Erythropoiesis 10: Granulopoiesis 11: Thrombopoiesis BLOOD & BONE MARROW  Erythrocytes Red Blood Cells (RBCs) Hemoglobin Globin: Polypeptide Chains Heme: Binds iron Function: Contain hemoglobin (various types) for O2 and CO2 transport in the blood. Appearance: 6-8um size, biconcave shape, no nucleus or organelles, eosinophilic. Relative abundance: Millions/mL, most abundant. Lifespan: 100-120 days in blood.  Erythrocytes: Size and Staining Microscopic examination of the size and staining pattern of RBCs is useful in diagnosis of different types of anemias and other conditions. Normocytic RBCs Normal Size Microcytic RBCs Smaller size Macrocytic RBCs Larger Size Normochromic RBCs Normal stain and Hb Hypochromic RBCs Lighter, low Hb Hyperchromic RBCs Darker, high Hb  Erythrocytes What is abnormal in these peripheral blood smears? 1: Overview of Blood 2: Erythrocytes 3: Leukocytes 4: Monocytes & Macrophages 5: Lymphocytes & Plasma Cells 6: Granulocytes & Mast Cells 7: Platelets 8: Overview of Bone Marrow 9: Erythropoiesis 10: Granulopoiesis 11: Thrombopoiesis BLOOD & BONE MARROW  Leukocytes Components of the immune system. Transit through blood and exit at postcapillary venules to enter tissues. Highly motile cells, signaled by chemokines to migrate into inflamed or infected tissue.