Blocks on the Periodic Table PDF

Blocks on the periodic table Information displayed on a periodic table Chemical symbol of elements Name of the element Atomic number Atomic mass Group number Period number Groups and periods Vertical columns _ Groups – 18 Horizontal rows _ Periods _ 7 Periodic table A table of the chemical...

Blocks on the periodic table Information displayed on a periodic table Chemical symbol of elements Name of the element Atomic number Atomic mass Group number Period number Groups and periods Vertical columns _ Groups – 18 Horizontal rows _ Periods _ 7 Periodic table A table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic numbers into rows and columns. Elements with similar chemical properties appear in groups because all the elements in the same group have the same valence electrons.  Blocks on the periodic table Blocks on Periodic table The elements in the periodic table are divided into 4 blocks based on their valence electron orbitals. 1. s-block 2. p-block 3. d-block and 4. f-block Blocks and position on periodic table Block Group number Position Nature of elements s 1 ,2 ,H and He Left side Group 1 and 2 : Metals / H –Nonmetal/ He- noble gas p 13 to 18 ( except he) Right side Metals , nonmetals and metalloids d 3 to 12 Middle Metals f Period 6 and 7 Bottom Metals Main group elements / representative elements: s + p block elements Family BLOCK ELEMENTS Names s block : Family names Group 1 - Alkali metals Group 2 – Alkaline earth metals H and He p block : Family names Group 13 – Boron family Group 14 – Carbon family Group 15 – Nitrogen family Group 16 –Oxygen family Group 17 – Halogens Group 18 – Noble gases d block : Family name Group 3- 12 – Transition metals  f block : Family name Inner transition elements Period 6 : Lanthanides Period 7 : Actinides Elements after Lanthanum (La) Lanthanides Elements after Actinium (Ac) Actinides f block : Continued https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nYFmPYPWYfU Ce (Z=58) to Lu (Z=71) – Lanthanides _ Period 6 Th (Z=90) to Lr (Z=103) –Actinides –Period 7 Inquiry Questions  Inquiry questions 1. Why are group 1 and 2 elements called alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, respectively? 2. Why are group 3 to 12 elements called transition metals? 3. why are f-block elements called inner transition metals?  Electron BLOCK ELEMENTS Configuration BIG Question How can elements be classified based on their electron configurations? Electronic configuration in groups Valence electrons play a key role in determining the properties of elements.  s block Why are groups 1 , 2 , H and He called elements s block elements? Hydrogen and Helium Element /Atomic Electron configuration number Hydrogen (H)-1 1s1 Helium (He) - 2 1s2 Block – s Period -1 Valence electron enters the s orbital  Valence electron enters the s orbital Group 1 elements  Group 2 elements Valence electron enters the s orbital Why are groups 1 , 2 , H and He called s block elements? The valence electrons (outermost electrons) in these elements are located in the s orbital.  p block Why are groups 13-18 called p block elements elements? P block elements Group 13 Group 14 Group 15 Group 16 Group 17 Group 18 The valence electron enters the p orbital Why are groups 13-18 called p block elements? The valence electrons in these elements are located in the p orbital.  d block Why are groups 3-12 called d block elements elements? d block : Transition elements Period Series number 4 3d series 5 3d series 6 3d series 7 3d series Why are groups 3-12 called d block elements? Period Series number 4 3d series 5 3d series 6 3d series 7 3d series The valence electrons of these elements enter the d orbitals.  3d series : In 3d orbital  4d series : In 4d orbital  5d series : In 5d orbital  6d series : In 6d orbital  f block Why are lanthanides and actinides called elements the f-block elements? d block : Transition elements Period Series number 6 4f series 7 5f series  Inner transition elements – Lanthanides and Actinides Why are lanthanides and actinides called the f-block elements? The valence electrons of the elements enter the f orbitals.  General outer electron BLOCK ELEMENTS configuratio n General outer electron configuration Block General outer electron configuration s ns1-2 ( n = 1 to 7) p ns2 np1-6 ( n = 2 to 7) d (n-1)d1-10 ns1-2 ( n = 4 to 7) f ( n − 2 )f1 − 14 ( n − 1 )d0−1 ns2 (n = 6 and 7) n represents the period number  General BLOCK ELEMENTS properties  Properties of s block elements Groups 1 and 2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ZY6d6jrq-0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKCHnuEdVY8 1. Soft metals ( can be easily cut with a knife) 2. Low melting and boiling points. 3. Reacts with water to form metal hydroxide (alkali). 4. Reacts with oxygen to form metal oxides. 5. Reacts with halogens to form halides. Properties of p block elements 1. Solids , liquids and gases 2. Low melting and boiling points. 3. Poor conductors of heat and electricity. Properties of transition metals Hard High density. High melting and boiling points. Form colored compounds. Act as catalyst. Properties of lanthanides Silvery-white, metallic elements. High melting points and boiling points High density Properties of actinides All are radioactive. Metals. High density