Drugs' MOA (PDF)

Summary of Drugs' MOA: Drug Class Mechanism of Action Therapeutic Use Temazepam Benzodiazepine Enhances the effect of Short-term GABA at the GABA-A treatment of recepto...

Summary of Drugs' MOA: Drug Class Mechanism of Action Therapeutic Use Temazepam Benzodiazepine Enhances the effect of Short-term GABA at the GABA-A treatment of receptor (positive allosteric insomnia modulator). (anxiolytic, sedative). Triazolam Benzodiazepine Enhances the effect of Short-term GABA at the GABA-A treatment of receptor. insomnia (anxiolytic, sedative). Midazolam Benzodiazepine Enhances the effect of Sedation, GABA at the GABA-A anesthesia receptor. induction, anxiety, muscle relaxation. Lorazepam Benzodiazepine Enhances the effect of Anxiety, sedation, GABA at the GABA-A seizure control receptor. (also used in alcohol withdrawal). Diazepam Benzodiazepine Enhances the effect of Anxiety, muscle GABA at the GABA-A spasms, seizures, receptor. alcohol withdrawal. Thiopental Barbiturate Enhances GABA-A Induction of receptor activity, also has anesthesia, direct inhibitory effects on sedation. neuronal firing. Pentobarbital Barbiturate Enhances GABA-A Short-term receptor activity, direct anesthesia, neuronal depression. anticonvulsant. Phenobarbital Barbiturate Enhances GABA-A Seizure receptor activity, direct management, neuronal depression. sedation. Memantine NMDA receptor Non-competitive NMDA Alzheimer's antagonist receptor antagonist, disease (moderate reduces excitotoxicity to severe). mediated by glutamate. Aducanumab Monoclonal Binds to amyloid plaques Alzheimer's antibody in the brain, reducing disease (targets amyloid burden. amyloid plaques). Fluoxetine SSRI (Selective Inhibits the reuptake of Depression, Serotonin serotonin into the anxiety, OCD, Reuptake Inhibitor) presynaptic neuron, bulimia nervosa, increasing serotonin in the PTSD. synaptic cleft. Fluvoxamine SSRI Inhibits serotonin reuptake, Obsessive-compul increasing serotonin sive disorder availability in the synaptic (OCD), social cleft. anxiety disorder, depression. Sertraline SSRI Inhibits serotonin reuptake, Depression, increasing serotonin in the anxiety, panic synaptic cleft. disorder, PTSD, OCD. Venlafaxine SNRI Inhibits the reuptake of Depression, (Serotonin-Norepin serotonin and anxiety, panic ephrine Reuptake norepinephrine. disorder. Inhibitor) Duloxetine SNRI Inhibits the reuptake of Depression, serotonin and generalized norepinephrine. anxiety disorder, neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia. Imipramine TCA (Tricyclic Inhibits the reuptake of Depression, Antidepressant) serotonin and enuresis norepinephrine. (bedwetting), anxiety disorders. Clomipramine TCA Inhibits serotonin and Obsessive-compul norepinephrine reuptake, sive disorder with strong serotonin (OCD), effects. depression. Trimipramine TCA Inhibits serotonin and Depression, norepinephrine reuptake, anxiety. with sedative effects. Phenelzine MAOI (Monoamine Inhibits MAO-A and Depression, Oxidase Inhibitor) MAO-B, increasing levels anxiety, and panic of serotonin, disorders, norepinephrine, and sometimes used dopamine. for atypical depression. Tranylcypromine MAOI Inhibits MAO-A and Depression, MAO-B, increasing anxiety disorders. serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Isocarboxazid MAOI Inhibits MAO-A and Depression, MAO-B, increasing levels anxiety, panic of neurotransmitters like disorders. serotonin. Levodopa Dopamine Converted to dopamine in Parkinson's precursor the brain, increases disease, dopamine levels. dopamine deficiency disorders. Carbidopa DOPA Inhibits the peripheral Used in decarboxylase conversion of levodopa to combination with inhibitor dopamine, enhancing levodopa to treat levodopa's CNS effects. Parkinson's disease. Pramipexole Dopamine agonist Directly stimulates Parkinson's dopamine receptors disease, restless (D2/D3). leg syndrome. Ropinirole Dopamine agonist Directly stimulates Parkinson's dopamine receptors disease, restless (D2/D3). leg syndrome. Rotigotine Dopamine agonist Directly stimulates Parkinson's dopamine receptors disease, restless (D1-D5). leg syndrome. Selegiline MAO-B inhibitor Inhibits MAO-B, preventing Parkinson's the breakdown of disease (often dopamine in the brain. used in combination with levodopa). Rasagiline MAO-B inhibitor Inhibits MAO-B, increasing Parkinson's dopamine levels in the disease. brain. Methacholine Cholinergic Directly stimulates Diagnosis of agonist muscarinic receptors, asthma (bronchial increasing challenge test). parasympathetic activity. Bethanechol Cholinergic Stimulates muscarinic Urinary retention agonist receptors, increasing (post-surgery or parasympathetic activity post-partum), (especially in smooth non-obstructive muscles). ileus. Epinephrine Sympathomimetic Stimulates α1, α2, β1, and Anaphylaxis, (Adrenergic) β2 adrenergic receptors, asthma, cardiac leading to arrest, vasoconstriction, increased hypotension. heart rate, and bronchodilation. Norepinephrine Sympathomimetic Stimulates α1, α2, and β1 Hypotension, (Adrenergic) adrenergic receptors, shock (acute leading to vasoconstriction management). and increased heart rate. Isoproterenol Sympathomimetic Stimulates β1 and β2 Bradycardia, heart (Adrenergic) adrenergic receptors, block, asthma. increasing heart rate and causing bronchodilation. Summary of Drug Classes: Benzodiazepines (e.g., Temazepam, Lorazepam, Diazepam, Midazolam): Enhance GABA activity, primarily used for anxiety, sedation, and muscle relaxation. Barbiturates (e.g., Thiopental, Pentobarbital, Phenobarbital): Enhance GABA activity and directly depress neuronal firing, used for sedation, anesthesia, and seizures. NMDA Receptor Antagonists (e.g., Memantine): Reduce excitotoxicity, used for Alzheimer's disease. Monoclonal Antibodies (e.g., Aducanumab): Target amyloid plaques, used in Alzheimer's disease. SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs (e.g., Fluoxetine, Venlafaxine, Imipramine, Clomipramine): Inhibit neurotransmitter reuptake to treat mood disorders. MAOIs (e.g., Phenelzine, Tranylcypromine): Inhibit monoamine oxidase to increase levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Dopamine Agonists (e.g., Pramipexole, Ropinirole): Stimulate dopamine receptors, used in Parkinson's disease and restless leg syndrome. Dopamine Precursors (e.g., Levodopa, Carbidopa): Increase dopamine levels in the brain, used for Parkinson's disease. Cholinergic Agonists (e.g., Methacholine, Bethanechol): Stimulate muscarinic receptors to increase parasympathetic activity. Adrenergic Agonists (e.g., Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Isoproterenol): Stimulate adrenergic receptors to manage conditions like shock, asthma, and bradycardia.