The Human Person in Society PDF

THE HUMAN PERSON IN SOCIETY  Members: Dariella Galamay Kim Evangelista Leeanne Umali  LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1. Recognize how individuals form societies and how individuals are transformed by societies. 2. Compare different forms of societies and individualities (...

THE HUMAN PERSON IN SOCIETY  Members: Dariella Galamay Kim Evangelista Leeanne Umali  LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1. Recognize how individuals form societies and how individuals are transformed by societies. 2. Compare different forms of societies and individualities ( eg. Agrarian, industrial and virtual ) 3. Explain how human relations are transformed by social systems. 4. Evaluate the transformation of human relationship by social systems and how societies transform individual human beings.  SOCIETY refers to a group of people who share common culture, values, norms, and institutions; often living in a specific geographic area.  THE SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY Enlightenment philosopher, such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean Jacques Rousseau were among the prominent social theorists who tacked the origins of human society. To fully understand the true character of society, they imagined human as living in a so- called "natural state", removed from modernity and civilization.  THOMAS HOBBES "Society needs a special contract to coexist peacefully."  THOMAS HOBBES Social contract - an agreement where individuals sacrifice an amount of their freedom and submit it to a higher authority m  JOHN LOCKE "Society needs a social contract to protect natural rights."  JOHN LOCKE Second Treatise on Government - people need to create government in order to protect these natural rights. JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU "Everything is good as it comes from the hands of the Author of Nature but everything's degenerates in the hands of man."  JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU General will — he believed that even if the people are the ones who organized the society, in extreme cases, the government is able to impose its will on the people.  JOHN RAWLS American Philosopher Original position — to explain social formation. - he imagined humans as having a veil of ignorance.  DAVID GAUTHIER A Canadian Philosopher Self interest — a significant factor in building and maintaining societies. SOCIOCULTURAL EVOLUTION refers to the process of change and development in human societies and cultures over time. SOCIOCULTURAL THEORY explains how cultural norms and beliefs influence individuals problem-solving strategies and decision-making processes. LEV VYGOTSKY (BIGOTE) established this theory of learning, believing that parents, teachers, peers, caregivers, and society at large influences an individual's cognitive development.  FORMS OF SOCIETY  FORMS OF SOCIETY 1. Hunting and Gathering Societies 2. Pastoral Societies 3. Horticultural Societies 4. Agricultural Societies 5. Industrial Societies 6. Post-Industrial Societies 7. Virtual Societies HUNTING AND GATHERING SOCIETIES these are the earliest form of society. HUNTING AND GATHERING SOCIETIES these are the earliest form of society. people survive by hunting, trapping, fishing, and gathering edible plants. HUNTING AND GATHERING SOCIETIES these are the earliest form of society. people survive by hunting, trapping, fishing, and gathering edible plants. people move constantly in search of food.  PASTORAL SOCIETIES people raise and herd sheep, goats, camels, and other domesticated animals and use them as their major source of food.  PASTORAL SOCIETIES people raise and herd sheep, goats, camels, and other domesticated animals and use them as their major source of food. and also, depending on the animal, as a means of transportation.  HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES they rely on the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, and plants in order to survive.  HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES they rely on the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, and plants in order to survive. people use hoes and other simple hand tools to raise crops. AGRICULTURAL/AGRARIAN SOCIETIES they rely on the use of technology in order to cultivate crops in large areas. AGRICULTURAL/AGRARIAN SOCIETIES they rely on the use of technology in order to cultivate crops in large areas. the agricultural revolution led to an increase in food supplies, an increase in population, and the development of trade centers. INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES they depend on mechanization to produce goods and service. POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES is the stage of development of society where the economy is dominated by services, science, and education.  VIRTUAL SOCIETIES these are communities of people sharing common interests, ideas, and feelings over the internet or other collaborative networks. THE NATURE OF SOCIETY classical philosophers such as Confucius, Plato, and Aristotle have different views about the nature of society and the role of the individual in society.  CLASSICAL THEORIES OF SOCIETY CONFUCIUS CONFUCIUS PLATO CONFUCIUS PLATO ARISTOTLE "Society should be based on virtue." - Confucius  CONFUCIUS ren - a humane principle rooted in empathy and feeling for others; at the heart of ren, us reciprocity.  CONFUCIUS ren - a humane principle rooted in empathy and feeling for others; at the heart of ren, us reciprocity. zhong-yong - the Golden Mean; variously translated as moderation, and universal moral law.  CONFUCIUS ren - a humane principle rooted in empathy and feeling for others; at the heart of ren, us reciprocity. zhong-yong - the Golden Mean; variously translated as moderation, and universal moral law. li - the "rules of propriety" or the moral customs of ones society that provide specific guidance. "Society shoud be based on function and harmony." - Plato  PLATO An ideal society must be a type of intellectual aristocracy ruled by carefully educated philosophers-kings.  PLATO An ideal society must be a type of intellectual aristocracy ruled by carefully educated philosophers-kings. A well-ordered is one whose classes do what they should do, without interfering with or disrupting the functions and powers of the other classes. "Society is the natural state of humanity." - Aristotle  ARISTOTLE State is a creation of nature, and that man is by nature a political animal.  ARISTOTLE State is a creation of nature, and that man is by nature a political animal. Family => Village => State  ARISTOTLE State is a creation of nature, and that man is by nature a political animal. Family => Village => State A state has four elements : population; territory; government; and sovereignty.  ARISTOTLE State is a creation of nature, and that man is by nature a political animal. Family => Village => State A state has four elements : population; territory; government; and sovereignty. Outside of society, the human person ceases to be a human (either a beasts or a god.)  HOW DOES SOCIETY INFLUENCE OUR DEVELOPMENT AS PERSONS?  THE PERSON AND THE SOCIETY HAVE A VERY DYNAMIC RELATIONSHIP IN WHICH ONE CANNOT EXIST WITHOUT THE OTHER.  SOCIETY INFLUENCE OUR DEVELOPMENT A PERSON IN VARIOUS WAYS: 1. Norms - a set of traits that society considers acceptable.  SOCIETY INFLUENCE OUR DEVELOPMENT A PERSON IN VARIOUS WAYS: 1. Norms - a set of traits that society considers acceptable. 2. Laws - are set of rules and guidelines that are enforced by a governing authority to maintain social order, protect individual rights, and promote justice. 3. Folkways - refer to the informal rules and norms that govern human behavior in a society or culture. Folkways are typically passed down through generations. 3. Folkways - refer to the informal rules and norms that govern human behavior in a society or culture. Folkways are typically passed down through generations. Norms, laws, and other rules that regulate human interactions give rise to a social system, which is an organized pattern of relationship between individuals, groups, and institutions within a society. SOCIAL SYSTEM Social role - actions and behaviors of a certain individual. Social role - actions and behaviors of a certain individual. Social groups - a collection of individuals who share common characteristics, interests, or identities. Social role - actions and behaviors of a certain individual. Social groups - a collection of individuals who share common characteristics, interests, or identities. Social classes - refers to the hierarchical division of society based on economic, social, and cultural factors. Social values - actions or ideas that are considered important by society.  Social values - actions or ideas that are considered important by society. * Cooperation, obedience to the law, concern, and respect for others are considered vital to maintaining an orderly society.  HOW DO INDIVIDUALS FORM SOCIETY? Individuals form societies in a number of ways, including: Sharing interest Social groupings Social activism  Societies are made up of people's social groupings, and people within societies tend to form particular cultures. These cultures are made up of the ideas, customs, and social behaviors that make one society distinct from another.  HOW IS THE INDIVIDUAL TRANSFORMED BY SOCIETY? SOCIALIZATION › Refers to the social process through which the individual develops on awareness of social norms and values and achieves a distinct sense of self. SOCIALIZATION › Refers to the social process through which the individual develops on awareness of social norms and values and achieves a distinct sense of self. › Classical theoretic perspectives on socialization; structural, functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONALISM » Socialization is a top-down process.  STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONALISM » Socialization is a top-down process. » Children learn how to be a part of society by internalizing social rules and values through socialization and learn to conform to the roles and expectations of society.  CONFLICT THEORY » The individual's behaviour and social relations result from the underlying conflicts that exist between competing groups.  KARL MARX: "Society is based on conflict between social classes ( capitalists vs. workers)."  SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM › The individual actively partipates in his/her socialization through his/her connections with other people.  » Basic premises: 1. Human act toward things based on the meanings they assign to them. 2. The meaning of things is derived or arises from social interactions between people. 3. Individuals use an interpretative process to understand and modify meanings.  References: 1. https://www.slideshare.net/gaaradbritannia /the-human-person-in-societypdf 2. https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/the- human-person-in-society- 225861342/225861342 3. https://www.scribd.com/document/431312 578/Lesson-7-The-Human-Person-in- Society-full-version-Copy-Copy-docx THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!