Bioremediation PDF

Another form of mechanical remediation (play video)  Remediation and Bioremediation Remediation – efforts to remove pollutants from contaminated sites (includes bioremediation) Remediation and Bioremediation Pollution – anything harmful that is introduced in the...

Another form of mechanical remediation (play video)  Remediation and Bioremediation Remediation – efforts to remove pollutants from contaminated sites (includes bioremediation) Remediation and Bioremediation Pollution – anything harmful that is introduced in the environment by humans Solids Remediation and Bioremediation Pollution – anything harmful that is introduced in the environment by humans Solids, Liquids Remediation and Bioremediation Pollution – anything harmful that is introduced in the environment by humans Solids, Liquids, Gasses  Remediation and Bioremediation Solids, Liquids, Gasses, Nutrients Remediation and Bioremediation Pollution – anything harmful that is introduced in the environment by humans Solids, Liquids, Gasses, Nutrients, Temperature  Remediation and Bioremediation Pollution – anything harmful that is introduced in the environment by humans Solids, Liquids, Gasses, Nutrients, Temperature, Noise, Light Video link if you need it: New Lights Installed Along Florida’s Coastline To Protect Baby Sea Turtles | NBC Nightly News - YouTube  Bioremediation Bioremediation – the use of organisms to degrade pollutants Bacteria that metabolize oil compounds occur naturally in the environment.  Bioremediation After an oil spill, microbial degradation of pollutants occurs naturally. Is this the only process by which pollutants degrade naturally? A) Yes B) No So, then why invest the effort of bioremediation?  Bioremediation To aid bioremediation process, the following techniques can be applied: Biostimulation of the population Bioaugmentation of the population the use of Surfactants the use of Bioreactors  Bioremediation Biostimulation – encouraging microbial growth for the purpose of biodegradation of pollutants Bioventing/nutrient addition/temperature/pH  Bioremediation Bioaugmentation – adding organisms to substrates for the purpose of biodegradation of pollutants. Mixed results: limiting growth factors, pollutant concentration/availability, microbial community dynamics  Bioremediation Surfactants – enhance pollutant availability by breaking the pollutant into smaller pieces, lowering the surface tension, and/or emulsifying the pollutant  Bioremediation What is the function of surfactants in the bioremediation processes? a) To isolate pollutants on the surface of water. b) To make pollutants available to microorganisms. c) To degrade pollutants independently from microorganisms. d) None of the above. Superfund... to clean up uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous- waste sites as well as accidents, spills, and other emergency releases of pollutants and contaminants into the environment.  Bioremediation Bioreactors - typically a vessel or contained bed, a bioreactor allows for relatively fine control over many of the factors that are key to the biodegradation of pollutants by microorganisms such as temperature, pH, aeration, moisture, and the presence and abundance of microorganisms, which together enhance the rate and effectiveness of degradation Leviathan sulfur Mine Bioremediation Bioreactors Bioreactors allow (better) control over the bioremediation process.  Bioremediation Phytoremediation - use of living plants for the degradation or containment of pollutants Advantages: Easier to implement and monitor Visually more appealing than bioremediation using bacteria (more naturalistic) Cheap, not labor intensive Can be effective at low concentrations of contaminants Less disturbance to topsoil (may also improve stabilization of soils If the plant does phytodegradation, then the pollutant will be rendered safe. Disadvantages: Slow application. Accumulation of pollutants during phytoextraction may be harmful for grazers. Must find some way to get rid of plants filled with pollutants (prevent bioaccumulation of pollutants in food chain). Bioremediation  Bioremediation Phytoremediation - use of living plants for the degradation or containment of pollutants Jerusalem Artichoke Common Reed Duck weed In effort to clean up an old mine site, ecologists use Jerusalem Artichoke to remove pollutants from the soil. This plant occurs naturally in the region, but is not abundant at the site, and ecologists manually plant more plants. A. This is an example of bioaugmentation. B. This is an example of biostimulation. C. This is an example of use of surfactants. D. This is an example of use of bioreactors.  Bioremediation Pollution – anything harmful that is introduced in the environment by humans Bioremediation – the use of organisms to degrade pollutants Biostimulation – encouraging microbial growth for the purpose of biodegradation of pollutants Bioaugmentation – adding cultured microorganisms to substrates for the purpose of biodegradation of pollutants. Phytoremediation - use of living plants for the degradation or containment of pollutants  Bioremediation Pollutants are diverse in substance (solids, nutrients, noise, etc) and effect (toxic effect, mechanical effect, etc). Bioremediating organisms reduce the harmful effects of pollutants as result of their metabolic processes. Bioremediating organisms often occur naturally in the environment, but are frequently limited in abundance or by environmental/physical factors. Bioaugementation, biostimulation, use of surfactants or bioreactors can improve bioremediation. Please watch this short video and answer the questions in your review Video link: Bioremediation: How biology heals the earth naturally | Shaily Mahendra | TEDxManhattanBeach - YouTube