BIONOTES PDF - Cell Biology Notes

BIONOTES  No plasmids THE MICROSCOPE  Flagella made of microtubules  EYEPIECE  Have both ce...

BIONOTES  No plasmids THE MICROSCOPE  Flagella made of microtubules  EYEPIECE  Have both cell membranes and cell wall.  The part of the microscope that you look  PLANT CELLS through contains a lens that has a  Possess cell walls magnification power of 10x.  Chloroplasts are present  ARM  Almost rectangular in shape  Supports the upper portion of the microscope.  Possess large vacuoles  It is used to carry the microscope.  Cilia rarely occur in plant cell  STAGE CLIPS  Higher plants do not possess centrioles  Hold or secure the slide in place on a stage.  Have no or less number of lysosomes  COARSE ADJUSTMENT KNOB  ANIMAL CELLS  The large knob that will focus the image when  Do not possess cell wall you are using the low power.  No chloroplasts  It is used when the image is blurry and you  Round in shape wanted to focus the specimen.  Have many small vacuoles  FINE ADJUSTMENT KNOB  Cilia are present in animal cells  The small knob that will focus the image when  Contain centrioles you are using the high power.  Possess many number of vacuoles.  BASE  ORGANELLES IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS  Supports the entire microscope NUCLEUS  Used to carry the microscope - it is called the control center of the cell because it contains the  REVOLVING NOSEPIECE DNA.  Holds two or more objectives and can be -this is where chromosomes are found or the genetic material. rotated to easily change power. NUCLEOLUS  OBJECTIVE LENSES -this where the ribosomes are formed and can be found in both  They consist of 4x, 10x, 40x eyepiece lens. plants and animals.  CONDENSER -spherical body with nucleus.  To focus the light onto the specimen. NUCLEAR PORE  Ensures optimal lightning -it where the exchange of the materials between the cytoplasm and  IRIS DIAPHRAGM/ DIAPHRAGM nucleus takes place.  Adjust the amount of light reaching the CELL MEMBRANE specimen. -is a semi permeable membrane that facilitates the movement of  Found under the stage. molecules inside and outside the plant or animal cell.  BODY TUBE  This is a long tube CYTOPLASM  EYEPIECE TUBE - A viscous fluid or jelly like material where organelles are  The eyepiece holder embedded.  HIGH POWER OBJECTIVE LENS (HPO) MITOCHONDRIA  High magnification about 40x or 100x -the powerhouse of the cell  LOW POWER OBJECTIVES (LPO) -they produce much of the energy (ATP)  Low magnification about 4x -center for CELLULAR RESPIRATION VACUOLE PROKARYOTIC CELLS - The storage area of the cell  A group of organisms that lack true nucleus - Store water, food and waste materials and other membrane bound organelles ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM  Few specified structures -a series of tunnels throughout the cytoplasm  Small and simple -transport proteins from one part of the cell to another.  DNA within the cytoplasm -it is the surface for chemical activity  Circular DNA TWO TYPES OF ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM  Have cell membranes 1. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum  Cell Division by BINARY FISSION ( bacterial - Ribosome free and function in detoxification of lipids. cell ) 2. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum  Plasmids + simple flagella - contains ribosomes and releases newly made proteins from the  ARCHAEA BACTERIA the oldest prokaryotes cell. EUKARYOTIC CELLS RIBOSOMES  Cells containing nucleus and membrane -synthesized proteins or the protein factories. bound organelles GOLGI BODY/APPARATUS  Linear DNA  Receive proteins and other compounds from the ER  Membrane bound organelles  Package and distribute the materials to the plant and  Cellulose cell walls animal cell  Cell division by MITOSIS  Stores and releases chemicals PEROXISOMES- breaks down fatty acids and detoxifies harmful substances. LYSOSOMES  Contain hydrolytic enzymes  Digestion center  Also known as garbage disposal center CYTOSKELETON  A series of fibers made from proteins COMPONENTS OF CYTOSKELETON 1. MICROTUBULES- absent in plant cell, it provide pathways for certain cellular molecules. 2. INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS- Absent in plants -most stable component -provide structure to the nuclear envelope 3. MICROFILAMENTS -pipe like structures -help provide shape and movement for the cells CELL WALL  A rigid organelle composed of cellulose that gives plant cell a box shape.  Gives shape and support to the cell CENTRIOLES  Are paired organelles found only in animal cell  Involved in mitosis  Located near the nucleus. MICROTUBULE  Are microscopic cylinders that support and give the cell the shape CHLOROPLAST  This where the food for plants are made. CHLOROPHYLL  It traps light and it used to produce food for plants. Prepared by: LG DONGON, RN, LPT