BIONOTES PDF - Cell Biology Notes

Summary

These notes provide an overview of cell biology, specifically details about the microscope and types of cells, covering topics like plant and animal cells and their organelles. This document is a study aid.

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BIONOTES  No plasmids THE MICROSCOPE  Flagella made of microtubules  EYEPIECE  Have both ce...

BIONOTES  No plasmids THE MICROSCOPE  Flagella made of microtubules  EYEPIECE  Have both cell membranes and cell wall.  The part of the microscope that you look  PLANT CELLS through contains a lens that has a  Possess cell walls magnification power of 10x.  Chloroplasts are present  ARM  Almost rectangular in shape  Supports the upper portion of the microscope.  Possess large vacuoles  It is used to carry the microscope.  Cilia rarely occur in plant cell  STAGE CLIPS  Higher plants do not possess centrioles  Hold or secure the slide in place on a stage.  Have no or less number of lysosomes  COARSE ADJUSTMENT KNOB  ANIMAL CELLS  The large knob that will focus the image when  Do not possess cell wall you are using the low power.  No chloroplasts  It is used when the image is blurry and you  Round in shape wanted to focus the specimen.  Have many small vacuoles  FINE ADJUSTMENT KNOB  Cilia are present in animal cells  The small knob that will focus the image when  Contain centrioles you are using the high power.  Possess many number of vacuoles.  BASE  ORGANELLES IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS  Supports the entire microscope NUCLEUS  Used to carry the microscope - it is called the control center of the cell because it contains the  REVOLVING NOSEPIECE DNA.  Holds two or more objectives and can be -this is where chromosomes are found or the genetic material. rotated to easily change power. NUCLEOLUS  OBJECTIVE LENSES -this where the ribosomes are formed and can be found in both  They consist of 4x, 10x, 40x eyepiece lens. plants and animals.  CONDENSER -spherical body with nucleus.  To focus the light onto the specimen. NUCLEAR PORE  Ensures optimal lightning -it where the exchange of the materials between the cytoplasm and  IRIS DIAPHRAGM/ DIAPHRAGM nucleus takes place.  Adjust the amount of light reaching the CELL MEMBRANE specimen. -is a semi permeable membrane that facilitates the movement of  Found under the stage. molecules inside and outside the plant or animal cell.  BODY TUBE  This is a long tube CYTOPLASM  EYEPIECE TUBE - A viscous fluid or jelly like material where organelles are  The eyepiece holder embedded.  HIGH POWER OBJECTIVE LENS (HPO) MITOCHONDRIA  High magnification about 40x or 100x -the powerhouse of the cell  LOW POWER OBJECTIVES (LPO) -they produce much of the energy (ATP)  Low magnification about 4x -center for CELLULAR RESPIRATION VACUOLE PROKARYOTIC CELLS - The storage area of the cell  A group of organisms that lack true nucleus - Store water, food and waste materials and other membrane bound organelles ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM  Few specified structures -a series of tunnels throughout the cytoplasm  Small and simple -transport proteins from one part of the cell to another.  DNA within the cytoplasm -it is the surface for chemical activity  Circular DNA TWO TYPES OF ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM  Have cell membranes 1. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum  Cell Division by BINARY FISSION ( bacterial - Ribosome free and function in detoxification of lipids. cell ) 2. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum  Plasmids + simple flagella - contains ribosomes and releases newly made proteins from the  ARCHAEA BACTERIA the oldest prokaryotes cell. EUKARYOTIC CELLS RIBOSOMES  Cells containing nucleus and membrane -synthesized proteins or the protein factories. bound organelles GOLGI BODY/APPARATUS  Linear DNA  Receive proteins and other compounds from the ER  Membrane bound organelles  Package and distribute the materials to the plant and  Cellulose cell walls animal cell  Cell division by MITOSIS  Stores and releases chemicals PEROXISOMES- breaks down fatty acids and detoxifies harmful substances. LYSOSOMES  Contain hydrolytic enzymes  Digestion center  Also known as garbage disposal center CYTOSKELETON  A series of fibers made from proteins COMPONENTS OF CYTOSKELETON 1. MICROTUBULES- absent in plant cell, it provide pathways for certain cellular molecules. 2. INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS- Absent in plants -most stable component -provide structure to the nuclear envelope 3. MICROFILAMENTS -pipe like structures -help provide shape and movement for the cells CELL WALL  A rigid organelle composed of cellulose that gives plant cell a box shape.  Gives shape and support to the cell CENTRIOLES  Are paired organelles found only in animal cell  Involved in mitosis  Located near the nucleus. MICROTUBULE  Are microscopic cylinders that support and give the cell the shape CHLOROPLAST  This where the food for plants are made. CHLOROPHYLL  It traps light and it used to produce food for plants. Prepared by: LG DONGON, RN, LPT

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