BIOM3000 Review Lecture PDF

REVIEW LECTURE Final exam! Dec. 13th at 2:30 - 4:30pm in ROZ 103 60 MC questions (60 marks) 5 short answer/labelling (40 marks) Scrap paper provided * From last class… Trisynaptic circuit Perforant path (2) EC  DG Mossy fibers (3) DG  CA3 Schaffer collateral...

REVIEW LECTURE Final exam! Dec. 13th at 2:30 - 4:30pm in ROZ 103 60 MC questions (60 marks) 5 short answer/labelling (40 marks) Scrap paper provided * From last class… Trisynaptic circuit Perforant path (2) EC  DG Mossy fibers (3) DG  CA3 Schaffer collaterals (3-4) CA3  CA1 Hippocampal Output Fimbria/Fornix Entorhinal Cortex From last class… Linking the perception of objects & situations with appropriate emotional responses Primarily responses associated with fear Emotion aspects of learning * Steps in Synaptic Transmission 1. Production of neurotransmitters 2. Packing of neurotransmitters 3. Release of neurotransmitters 4. Binding to receptors 5. Termination of neurotransmitter action Development – Neural Crest Neural crest cells form most of the neurons and glial cells of the PNS, as well as a number of other tissues Ventricular System Circle of Willis 5 component arteries Internal carotid artery (ICA) Anterior cerebral artery (ACA) Anterior communicating artery (AComA) Posterior cerebral artery (PCA) Posterior communicating artery (PComA) If one major vessel either within or proximal to the circle becomes occluded, the communicating arteries allow for perfusion of distal tissue  Blood Brain Barrier Regulates the composition of CSF/flow of components to/from plasma Separates extracellular space of CNS from that of rest of body Prevents diffusion into subarachnoid space from Nolte: Essentials of the Human Brain outside the CNS Figure 6-5 Spinal Cord Organization Central, H-shaped grey matter surrounded by white matter Grey matter Dorsal (posterior) horn: entry point for sensory information from dorsal root Intermediate horn: autonomic cell bodies Ventral (anterior) horn: exit point for motor information to ventral root White matter Variety of spinal tracts Spinal Nerves Spinal cord is segmented, and each segment produces a bilateral pair of spinal nerves Coalescence of ventral & dorsal roots from a given spinal segment Spinal nerves Spinal Tracts Tracts are physiologically distinct, each carries a specific ‘type’ of sensory or motor information Ie. pain vs. sense of place Most tracts consist of 2 or 3 neurons Major Ascending = 2 (DCML, AL) Major Descending = 2 (corticospinal, vestibulospinal) Each tract has a consistent location at all spinal cord levels Neurons usually decussate at some point in the pathway Decussate = to cross over to the other side (contralateral) Ascending Spinal Tracts Descending Spinal Tracts (corticospinal) Other descending spinal tracts Vestibulospinal/rubrospinal Starting point: ? End point:? Role: ? Spinal Cord Damage C1-C5: UMN signs to all 4 limbs C6-T2: UMN signs to Legs; LMN to Arms T3-L3: UMN signs to Legs; normal Arms * L4-S2: LMN signs to Legs; normal Arms * The Cranial Nerves Cranial Nerve Nerve Type (Sensory, Mnemonics Motor, Both, Autonomic) I Olfactory S “On Old Oklahoma’s II Optic S Towering Top, A III Oculomotor M (A) Fine Vet Gladly Viewed A Horse” IV Trochlear M V Trigeminal B “Six Sailors Made VI Abducens M Merry But My Brother Said Bad VII Facial B (A) Business My VIII Vestibulocochlear S Man” IX Glossopharyngeal B (A) (A) = 3,7,9,10 X Vagus B (A) XI Accessory M XII Hypoglossal M * Cerebellum Connectivity Deep Nuclei Flocculonodular lobe Vestibular nuclei Vermis Fastigial nucleus Medial hemisphere Interposed nucleus Lateral hemisphere Dentate nucleus Neocortex Layer I: cell-poor Layer II: granular cells Layer III: small pyramidal cells Layer IV: granular cells Layer V: large pyramidal cells Layer VI: fusi/multiform (spindle-like) pyramidal cells Basal Ganglia  I’ve had FUN teaching you folks….THANK YOU! Questions??