Biological Molecules PDF

Biological Molecules Science 9 Biological Molecules Essential to Life Our bodies need about 25 elements for normal growth. Carbon (C), oxygen (O), and hydrogen (H) are the most common chemical elements in living things. Sugar, starch, fat, oil, wax, and proteins Are called o...

Biological Molecules Science 9 Biological Molecules Essential to Life Our bodies need about 25 elements for normal growth. Carbon (C), oxygen (O), and hydrogen (H) are the most common chemical elements in living things. Sugar, starch, fat, oil, wax, and proteins Are called organic molecules because they are mainly made of carbon and hydrogen. Nutrients- essential for life ◻ Nutrients can be organic or inorganic Organic Molecule Role in Nutrition Dietary Source Carbohydrates Energy source for metabolism Rice Grains Organic Compound Potatoes Fruits Protein Structural Meat molecule for Eggs body, helps Dairy These are called chemical Legumes “Macronutrients” because reactions Nuts they are needed in large (enzymes) amounts Lipids Storage of Veg oil unused Nut oil chemical energy Legumes Some dairy Nucleic Acids Building blocks of DNA ig h Sch ool w Till H dto Kno t Nee Don’ Many biological molecules are polymers: they are long chains of building blocks, called monomers Extra information * Elements for Healthy Bodies: Minerals ◻ Minerals you need a lot of is called a macromineral ◻ Minerals you only need a little of are called trace elements, which are found in enzymes and vitamins ◻ All living things need 16 naturally occurring elements ⬜ Plants need 18 elements ⬜ We need 22 elements Elements for Healthy Bodies: Calcium Phosphorus ◻ Needed for strong ◻ Bone formation bones and teeth ◻ Forms compounds that store and ◻ Nerve conduction release energy (ATP) ◻ Muscle contraction ◻ Blood clotting Elements for Healthy Bodies: Magnesium Potassium ◻ Component of Bones and ◻ Helps regulate nerve teeth signals and muscle activity ◻ Essential for enzyme (heart rate) function ◻ Protein formation ◻ Helps regulate nerve ◻ Regulates acid/base function balance in body Elements for Healthy Bodies: What is one crucial role for…. ◻ Sulphur ⬜ Used in some amino acids ◻ Iron ⬜ Red blood cells, regulates oxygen transport ◻ Iodine ⬜ Major part of thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism Getting these Minerals ◻ As humans, we cannot extract the mineral directly from the ground, But plants can… and do ◻ Root hairs specially designed to uptake and concentrate these minerals ◻ They are then transported to other parts of the plant where they are used to create organic compounds such as proteins, lipids and vitamins. ◻ Without plants, we would not be able to obtain the nutrients we need. Vitamin: a organic compound which are essential for normal growth and nutrition and are required in small quantities in the diet because they cannot be synthesized by the body. Check and Reflect Pg 203 # 1,2,3,4,5,7,8