Bioinformatics Analysis PDF

# Bioinformatics Analysis ## Bioinformatics - The combination (or marriage) of biology and information technology. - It is a recently developed science using information to understand biological phenomenon. - It involves the computational tools and methods used to manage, analyse and manipulate vo...

# Bioinformatics Analysis ## Bioinformatics - The combination (or marriage) of biology and information technology. - It is a recently developed science using information to understand biological phenomenon. - It involves the computational tools and methods used to manage, analyse and manipulate volumes of biological data. - It may also be regarded as a part of computational biology - Letter is concerned with the application of quantitative analytical techniques in modeling and solving problems in the biological systems. - It is an interdisciplinary approach requiring advanced knowledge of computer mathematics and statistical methods for understanding biological phenomena at the molecular level. ## History of Bioinformatics - It was first introduced in 1990s - It dealt with the management and analysis of the data pertaining to DNA, RNA and protein sequences. - It includes many other types of biological data. Most important ones are listed below - Gene expression profiles - Protein structure - Protein interaction - Microarrays (DNA chips) - Functional analysis of biomolecules - Drug designing ## Broad Coverage of Bioinformatics - **Functional genomics:** identification of genes and their respective functions - **Structural genomics:** predictions related to functions of protein - **Comparative genomics:** understanding the genomes of different species of organisms - **DNA microarrays:** designed to measure the levels of gene expression in different tissues, various stages of development and in different diseases - **Medical informatics:** involves the management of biomedical data with special references to biomolecules, in vitro assays and clinical trials ## Components of Bioinformatics 1. **Creation of databases:** - Involves the organizing, storage and management of the biological data sets - Databases are accessible and submit new entries. Protein sequences data bank for molecular structures 2. **Development of algorithms and statistics:** - Involves the development of tools and resources to determine the relationship among the members of large data sets. - Comparisons of protein sequence data with the already existing protein sequences 3. **Analysis of data interpretation:** - Includes DNA, RNA and protein sequences, protein structure, gene expression profiles, and biochemical pathways ## Bioinformatics and the Internet - It is an international computer network. - It involves a group of computers that can communicate (usually over telephone system) and exchange data between users. - Internet protocol (Ip) determines how the packets of information are addressed and routed over the network. - To access the internet, computer must have the correct hardware, appropriate software and permission for access to network. ## Applications of Bioinformatics - Sequence mapping of biomecules (DNA, RNA and proteins) - Identification of nucleotide sequences of functional gene - Finding of sites that can be cut by restriction enzymes - Prediction of functional gene products - To trace the evolutionary trees of genes - For the prediction of 3-dimensional structure of proteins - Molecular modelling of biomolecules - Designing of drugs for medical treatment - Handling of vast biological data which otherwise is not possible - Development of models for the functioning various cells, tissue and organs. |**Applications** | **Description**| |---|---| | Sequence mapping of biomecules (DNA, RNA and proteins) | | | Identification of nucleotide sequences of functional gene | | | Finding of sites that can be cut by restriction enzymes| | | Prediction of functional gene products| | | To trace the evolutionary trees of genes | | | For the prediction of 3-dimensional structure of proteins | | | Molecular modelling of biomolecules | | | Designing of drugs for medical treatment | | | Handling of vast biological data which otherwise is not possible | | | Development of models for the functioning various cells, tissue and organs. | |