Biodiversity PDF

What is BIODIVERSITY? ❑ Refers to the numbers, variety and variability of living organisms and ecosystem ❑ Includes all terrestrial, marine and other aquatic organisms ❑ Covers diversity within space, between species as well as variations among ecosystems Factor determining the degree of diversity...

What is BIODIVERSITY? ❑ Refers to the numbers, variety and variability of living organisms and ecosystem ❑ Includes all terrestrial, marine and other aquatic organisms ❑ Covers diversity within space, between species as well as variations among ecosystems Factor determining the degree of diversity ❑ Habitat stress ❑ Geographical isolation ❑ Dominance by one species ❑ Availability of ecological niches ❑ Edge effect ❑ Geological history Types of Biodiversity ❑ Genetic Diversity ❑ Species Diversity ❑ Ecosystem/Ecological Diversity Importance of Biodiversity ❑ Economic ❑ Ecological life support ❑ Recreation and Aesthetic Importance ❑ Source of Food ❑ Scientific Role of Biodiversity ❑ Ecological Role ❑ Economic Role Food Goods Recreation ❑ Scientific Role Genetic resources Causes of Biodiversity losses At least 40 per cent of the world’s economy and 80 percent of the needs of the poor are derived from biological resources. In addition, the richer the diversity of life, the greater the opportunity for medical discoveries, economic development, and adaptive responses to such new challenges as climate change. — The Convention about Life on Earth, Convention on biodiversity website. Causes of Biodiversity losses ❑ Habitat loss and degradation ❑ Habitat fragmentation ❑ Pollution, overfishing and overhunting ❑ Climate Change ❑ Addition of new specie from another habitat Challenges for ensuring biodiversity ❑ Diversity ❑ Population growth and increasing demands ❑ Climate Change Strategies to preserve biodiversity ❑ Habitat Conservation ❑ Captive breeding and the seed bank ❑ Government Legislation ❑ Avoid invasive species ❑ Education Global Biodiversity ❑ in US, the Endangered Species Act protects 2000 species in danger of becoming extinct ❑ Around the globe, thousands of wilderness areas have been set to conserve plants, animals and ecosystems. ❑ Local, national, and international organizations are cooperating to preserve the biodiversity of regions threatened by development or natural disasters. Global Biodiversity ❑ UNESCO’s World Heritage Site program recognizes areas of global importance: 1. Wetland region of the Pantanal in South America 2. National Parks in the US ❑ Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been established to preserve sea life Measurement of Biodiversity ❑ Species Richness ❑ Genetic Diversity ❑ Endemic Species ❑ Ecosystem Diversity Source: Encyclopedia Britannica Measurement of Biodiversity – Species Richness Evenness refers to the equality of the proportion of each species within an area or community. ❑ Alpha richness or diversity ❑ Beta richness or diversity ❑ Gamma richness Source: uidaho.edu REFERENCES https://www.greenfacts.org/en/biodiversity/l-3/1-define-biodiversity.htm#0p0 https://slideplayer.com/slide/9114614/ https://www.publichealthnotes.com/importance-of-biodiversity-challenges-and-strategies-to- preserve/ https://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/global-biodiversity/ https://www.jove.com/science-education/10596/measuring- biodiversity#:~:text=One%20way%20to%20measure%20biodiversity,also%20needs%20to%20 be%20considered. https://www.britannica.com/study/4-different-ways-to-measure-biodiversity https://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/veg_measure/Modules/Lessons/Module%209(Compositi on&Diversity)/9_2_Biodiversity.htm Thanks for listening.