Biodiversity and Evolution PDF

ACTIVITY: BEST OF 20 You will read and analyze your chosen article, discussing the key points and main ideas ACTIVITY: BEST OF 20 collaboratively for 20 minutes. After your discussion, each group will create a concise summary of their findings. Finally, you will present their summa...

ACTIVITY: BEST OF 20 You will read and analyze your chosen article, discussing the key points and main ideas ACTIVITY: BEST OF 20 collaboratively for 20 minutes. After your discussion, each group will create a concise summary of their findings. Finally, you will present their summaries to the class, sharing their insights and understanding of the material with your poster. Below are the articles to be given to students. BIODIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION FRAYER MODEL Definition Importance BIODIVERSITY Examples Threats 12 21 BIODIVERSITY  BIODIVERSITY Greek word: bios (life) and the Latin word: diversitas (variety) Variety of life and its processes, living organisms, and communities and ecosystems. Raymond F. Dasmann (1985) coined the term biodiversity. Thomas E. Lovejoy an innovative conservation biologist also introduced it to the science communities.  TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY  1. SPECIES DIVERSITY Total number of species that exist within a region, as well as the number of individuals composing each species and how they interact with each other and the physical environment. Species A group of organisms possessing a unique set of characteristics. 17 Species of Fish  2. GENETIC DIVERSITY The variation of genes within species. The differences in DNA sequences among individuals. Cat Breeds 8  3. ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY Variety of ecosystems in the biosphere. Includes the terrestrial ecosystem known as biomes such as forests (temperate and tropical), savannas, grasslands, deserts, wetlands, ponds, and the various types of habitats found within each type. Tropical Forest Temperate Forest Savanna Grasslands Desert Wetlands Ponds 4 BIODIVERSITY LOSS  1.EXTINCTION OF SPECIES Extinction refers to a species or lower taxa that have completely disappeared either through natural occurrence, human activity (anthropogenic), or the inability to adapt to changes in the environment.  2. LOSS OF SPECIFIC HABITATS A habitat is a place where an organism makes its home. Records show that about 17 million hectares of tropical forests are cleared yearly, with 50% of virgin forests lost to mining and logging.  3. LOSS OF GENETIC VARIATIONS­ Without genetic variation, a population cannot evolve in response to changing environmental variables and, as ACTIVITY: SURVIVAL STATUS Identify whether the following animals are extinct or endangered. Cebu Warty Pig Extinct 5 PLEASE GIVE ME A NUMB Philippine Rhinoceros Extinct 15 CALL A FRIEND Philippine Tamaraw Endangered 20 Panay Giant Fruit Bat Endangered 10 Philippine Tarsier Endangered 11 Philippine Eagle Endangered 27 CAUSES OF EXTINCTION  1. HABITAT DESTRUCTION Conversion, fragmentation, and simplification of any natural habitats (forest, coral reefs, grasslands, etc.)  2. INVASIVE SPECIES Invasive species are organisms that are not naturally from one particular environment or habitat. They are brought by humans into an ecosystem usually to solve a problem. However, this practice comes with severe consequences. 3. POPULATION The rapid growth of the human population has led to unsustainable resource consumption, causing habitat destruction and threatening biodiversity.  4. POLLUTION Pollution is the introduction of harmful chemicals and compounds (pollutants) into the environment, disrupting metabolic functions in organisms and contributing to global warming, which further disrupts ecosystems. 5. CLIMATE CHANGE The alternating heating and cooling of Earth posed significant challenges for many prehistoric organisms, leading to the extinction of species unable to adapt to rapid climate changes.  6. Overexploitation Overexploitation, such as overfishing and hunting of species threatens biodiversity by consuming more than nature can replenish. ACTIVITY: LIVING THINGS AND THEIR HABITATS TASK: Using their body structures and habitat as a basis, compare the two foxes using a Venn diagram. a. Desert Fox b. Arctic Fox  Desert Fox Arctic Fox Large ears Thick fur Thin fur Compact body Small body Survival in shape Long legs harsh White or Inhabits conditions bluish-gray fur desert Burrowing Bushy tail regions for shelter Lives in arctic Digs deep tundra burrows to Builds dens in stay cool the snow to during stay warm  TYPES OF ADAPTATION  1.Structural Adaptation Structural adaptation refers to the physical part of an organism on how they use it to survive in a certain environment.  1.Structural Adaptation Example: Succulents stores water in their short, thick stem and leaves to adapt in dry, hot deserts.  2. BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATION The way an organism responds to its environment that help it to survive/reproduce. 2. BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATION Example: Emperor penguins huddle together during winter. This helps them to avoid heat loss and survive until spring.  3. Physiological Adaptation Physiological adaptations are internal or cellular features of an organism that enable them to survive in their environment. Example: Snakes produce venom ACTIVITY: STEPS THROUGH THE AGES Create a timeline of the extinction of animals in the Philippines by group. Sample Timeline SHORT QUIZ I. MULTIPLE CHOICE. 1.Which of the following is not a cause for the loss of biodiversity? a. Invasion by alien species b. Destruction of habitat c. Climate Change d. Keeping animals in the zoo 2. Lizards camouflage by choosing rocks that best match the color of their backs. What type of adaptation does it possess? a. Behavioral b. Structural c. Physiological d. None of these 3. One of the most important adaptations of dolphins is their ability to use echolocation to learn about their surroundings. What type of adaptation does it possess? a. Behavioral b. Structural c. Physiological d. All of the above 4. When a species is at risk of extinction soon it is said to be ________________. a. Threatened b. Distinct c. Extinct d. Endangered 5. Which is not one of the three levels of biodiversity? a. Species Diversity b. Genetic Diversity c. Ecosystem Diversity d. Habitat Diversity I. MATCHING TYPE. a. Refers to the variety and abundance of the species in each area. 6. Biodiversity b. The variety of species. 7. Genetic Diversity c. The diverse range of habitats where various organisms live and 8. Species Diversity the relationship that connects them. 9. Ecosystem Diversity d. All the different types of makeup 10. Physiological are present in a particular species. Adaptation e. The way an organism responds to its environment helps it to survive/reproduce. f. These are internal or cellular features of an organism that enable them to survive in its environment. ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES AND EXTINCTION TASK: Select one species that you know and complete the table below. BIODIVERSITY HAIKU A haiku is a traditional Japanese form of poetry with three lines and a syllable pattern of 5 -7- 5. Task: Create one haiku that shows your understanding about biodiversity and evolution. SAMPLES OF HAIKU: Sample 1: Coral reefs below, A world of colors aglow, Life’s dance in the flow. Sample 2: In the forest’s heart, Birds, bugs, and blooms play their part, Life’s work of art. Sample 3: From the mountains to sea, Life’s vast diversity, Nature’s legacy.  HOW WELL DID YOU UNDERSTAND TODAY’S LESSON? GOT IT! GOT SOME OF TOTALLY LOST! IT THAT IN ALL THINGS GOD MAY BE GLORIFIED