Biochemistry Lecture Objectives 24 (1) PDF

**FMS** **Biochemistry Lecture Objectives** 1. **Describe amino acid structure, function and relation to formation of peptides and proteins.** A diagram of a molecule Description automatically generated ![A green and white background with white text Description automatically generated](medi...

**FMS** **Biochemistry Lecture Objectives** 1. **Describe amino acid structure, function and relation to formation of peptides and proteins.** A diagram of a molecule Description automatically generated  A screenshot of a computer Description automatically generated  2. **Recall essential ammino acids.** The mnemonic \"PVT TIM HiLL\" is a way to remember the nine essential amino acids (IAA): P: henylalanine V: aline T: tryptophan T: hreonine I: soleucine M: ethionine H: istidine L: eucine L: ysine 3. **Describe the degradation of amino acids.** A screenshot of a computer Description automatically generated  A diagram of a protein Description automatically generated with medium confidence  A diagram of a structure Description automatically generated  A diagram of a cycle Description automatically generated   A close-up of a text Description automatically generated 4. **Describe the conversion of amino acids into other molecules and how that relates to Krebs cycle.**  A close-up of a chart Description automatically generated  A close-up of a text Description automatically generated   5. **Describe protein structure and how they are classified.** Protein Structure -- Introductory Chemistry 6. **Describe role and function of carbohydrates including monosaccharides of importance (glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose).**  A close-up of a test Description automatically generated   7. **Describe lipids: classification, structure, and function.** A diagram of lipids Description automatically generated Fatty acid synthesis is crucial for cell function as it produces the building blocks for cell membranes (phospholipids) and energy storage molecules (triglycerides), and cell signaling (steroids) I. Saponifiable lipids can be hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions to yield salts of fatty acids. II. Nonsaponifiable lipids do not undergo hydrolysis reactions in alkaline solution.  A screenshot of a computer Description automatically generated   A diagram of a reaction Description automatically generated  A screenshot of a computer screen Description automatically generated     8. **Recall function of water-soluble vitamins and implications related to vitamin deficiency.**  \"The Fat cat is in the ADEK\". The fat-soluble vitamins are A, D, E, and K. 9. **Recall function of fat-soluble vitamins and implications related to vitamin deficiency.** A screenshot of a computer Description automatically generated 10. **Recall function of select minerals (calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphate, copper, potassium).**  11. **Describe function of enzymes.** A screenshot of a computer Description automatically generated   12. Describe nucleic acid formation and degradation. A screenshot of a computer Description automatically generated  A screenshot of a computer Description automatically generated  Also have a purine salvage pathway refer to pwp  13. **Describe the process of glycolysis: substrates, products, where it takes place, and regulation.**  A diagram of a cell cycle Description automatically generated  A diagram of a cell cycle Description automatically generated  14. **Describe the process of gluconeogenesis: substrates, products, where it takes place, and regulation.** A diagram of a glycogenesis Description automatically generated  A white background with black text Description automatically generated  15. **Describe the process of lactate and the Cori Cycle are used to generate glucose.** A diagram of lactose Description automatically generated  16. **Describe glycogen metabolism: how it's made, how it's broken down, where it's stored, and how it's regulated.** Embedded file printout Biochem Part 2 3\_4.pptx Machine generated alternative text: Glycogen Stores of glycogen in the liver are considered the main buffer of blood glucose levels. De novo glycogen synthesis is initiated by the attachment of the first glucose residue to a tyrosine residue in the protein known as glycogenin. The attached glucose then serves as the primer required by glycogen synthase to attach additional glucose molecules Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings  A diagram of a cell cycle Description automatically generated with medium confidence 17. **Describe the function and importance of the pentose phosphate pathway.**  Embedded file printout Biochem Part 2 3\_4.pptx Machine generated alternative text: PPP The PPP supplies the erythrocyte with NADPH needed to maintain the reduced state of glutathione. The inability to maintain reduced glutathione in erythrocytes leads to increased accumulation of peroxides, predominantly H 2 O 2 Results in oxidation of hemoglobin causing it to precipitate which is visible by histology as Heinz bodies. The increase in ROS also oxidizes lipids in the plasma membrane, weakening the membrane resulting in a concomitant hemolysis Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings  18. **Describe the function of pyruvate oxidation: substrates, products, where it takes place, and regulation.** A screenshot of a computer Description automatically generated  A diagram of a structure Description automatically generated  19. Describe Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle): substrates, products, where it takes place, and regulation. A close up of a paper Description automatically generated  20. **Describe beta oxidation: substrates, products, and implications.** A diagram of a molecule Description automatically generated with medium confidence  Embedded file printout Biochem Part 2 3\_4.pptx Machine generated alternative text: Beta oxidation & ketogenesis Ketone bodies generated when B-oxidation overwhelms rate of Krebs cycle Acetoacetate, beta hydroxybutyrate, acetone Released into bloodstream during: Fasting/starvation Low carbohydrate diet Prolonged strenuous exercise Uncontrolled diabetes\* Metabolized by other tissues back into acetyl-CoA Primarily brain, also heart Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings 21. Describe the electron transport chain process: substrates, products, where it takes place.  Embedded file printout Biochem Part 2 3\_4.pptx Machine generated alternative text: space- FAD FANt NAD\* loco Oxidative phosphorylation Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings  OVERVIEW A diagram of a plant Description automatically generated