Bio-200 Chapter 1 PDF

Bio-200 Chapter 1 - What are the classifications for life 1. Order 2. Adaptation - Result of evolution - Changing to better fit your environment 3. Regulation - Increasing or decreasing functions or products of functions 4. Reproduction...

Bio-200 Chapter 1 - What are the classifications for life 1. Order 2. Adaptation - Result of evolution - Changing to better fit your environment 3. Regulation - Increasing or decreasing functions or products of functions 4. Reproduction - Making offspring by your own kind 5. Response to Stimuli - Responding to things in your environment 6. Growth and Development - Growth controlled by genes 7. Energy processing - Consuming or making your own energy to store and then use - Levels of biological organization 8. Biosphere - Consists of all life on earth and all places where organisms live 9. Ecosystems - Consists of all the living things in a particular area along with the nonliving components which with life interacts 10. Communities - The array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem 11. Populations - Consists of all the individuals of a species living within a specific area 12. Organisms - Individual living things 13. Organs - A body part made up of multiple tissues that has a specific function 14. Tissues - A group of cells that all work together for a specific function 15. Cells - Life's fundamental unit of structure 16. Organelles - "Organs of the cell" - The various components of the cell 17. Molecules - A chemical structure consisting of two or more atoms - Structure and Function - There is a correlation between structure and function - Structure gives us clues about what an organism does and how it does it - Knowing the function provides insight into an organism's structure and organization - Prokaryotes -- no nuclei - Eukaryotes -- nucleus - The genetic material - Genes -- units of inheritance that encode for building molecular synthesis within a cell (In DNA) - Gene expression -- process of converting info from gene to cellular product - Genomics -- the study of the genes - Genome -- an organism's entire "library" of genetic instructions and information - Transcription -- DNA to mRNA - Translation -- mRNA to Amino acid - Nucleotides -- chemical building blocks of amino acids - Energy and matter - Producers -- organisms that produce their own sustenance for energy - Consumers -- organisms that must consume other organisms for energy - Usually starts as light and leaves as heat - Feedback Regulation - Positive regulation -- less common -- the end product speeds up its own process - Negative regulation -- more common -- the end product slows down its own process - Biotic and Abiotic - Biotic -- living or once living organism in an ecosystem - Abiotic -- nonliving factors and chemical elements in an ecosystem - Evolution -- descent with modification - An explanation, based on observations and assumptions, that leads to a testable prediction - Classifying the diversity of life: good luck! - Adaptations fit the environment - Hypothesis or Theory - Hypothesis - an explanation, based on observations and assumptions, that leads to a testable prediction - Theory -- broader in scope of hypotheses and is supported by a large body of evidence and can lead to more testable hypotheses - In science, one must lead with the data - Critical thinking -- an authentic and sincere critique of data - Moral judgement (Beauty or the supernatural) cannot be tested by the scientific method - Science is collaborative - Science (hypothesis testing), technology (practical application of knowledge), and society (voluntary association of individuals for common ends) - Science allows us to question and should not be obstructed (within ethical guidelines, not political)