Biology Ch 6 Answers PDF

# Biology: The Circulatory System ## Function of the Circulatory System - The movement of blood throughout the body is called the circulatory system - It provides the body with oxygen and nutrients - It also gets rid of waste products such as carbon dioxide. ## What does the circulatory system c...

# Biology: The Circulatory System ## Function of the Circulatory System - The movement of blood throughout the body is called the circulatory system - It provides the body with oxygen and nutrients - It also gets rid of waste products such as carbon dioxide. ## What does the circulatory system consist of? - The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels (like arteries, veins, and capillaries) and blood. ## Transportation is mainly carried by? - Transportation is mainly carried out by blood and the lymph. ## Organ that transports blood to every part? - The heart performs the function of blood circulation to all parts of the body. ## Name the vessel that runs alongside the blood vessels? - Lymphatic vessels run alongside the blood vessels. ## Name the 3 principle fluids in our body? - The two principle fluids in our body are Plasma (tissue fluid) and blood - The three principle fluids in our body are tissue fluid, blood and lymph. ## Tissue fluid is also called? - Tissue fluid is also called interstitial fluid. ## Lymph is contained within? - Lymph is contained within the lymph vessels and lymphatic organs. ## Name a fluid connective tissue? - Blood is a fluid connective tissue. ## Give a point of difference between closed vascular system and open vascular system? | Closed vascular system | Open vascular system | |---|---| | A closed vascular system, like that in humans, has the blood flowing through blood vessels. | An open vascular system, seen in insects, has the blood flowing from the heart to body without blood vessels. | ## The heart has a size of? - The heart has a size of one's fist and weighs about 225 - 340 grams. ## Write the exact location of the heart? - The heart is located in the center of the chest cavity with its tip slightly tilted to the left side. ## The heart is enclosed within a protective double-layered membrane called? - The heart is enclosed within a protective double-layered membrane called pericardium. ## Name the fluid present in the heart, state its function? - The space between the two membranes is filled with plural fluid called pericardial fluid, which protects the heart from shocks, jerks or any mechanical stress. ## State the main function of the heart? - The main function of the heart is to receive and pump blood and to keep it circulating in the body through blood vessels. ## An membrane that divides the heart internally is? - The heart is divided vertically into a left and a right portion by a membrane called septum. ## Upper chamber of heart is called? and lower chamber of heart is called? - The upper chamber of the heart is called atria. - The lower chamber of the heart is called ventricle. ## The heart has _ chambers in all? - The heart has four chambers in all. ## Atria are called "receiving chambers"? - The atria are called receiving chambers because they receive blood from different body parts. ## Ventricles are called "distributing chambers"? - Ventricles are called distributing chambers because they pump blood into lungs and blood vessels that distribute the blood to all parts of the body. ## Ventricles are larger in size and their wall thicker, why? - The ventricles are larger and thicker because they have to pump blood further than the aorta, atria. ## Name the valve that guards the right chambers? - The valve that guards the right chamber is the tricuspid valve. ## The opening between the right atrium and left ventricle is guarded by? - The opening between the right atrium and left ventricle is guarded by the bicuspid valve. ## State the function of the tricuspid and bicuspid valves? - The tricuspid and bicuspid valves prevent blood from flowing back into the right and left ventricles, respectively. ## Name the largest artery present in the heart? - The largest artery in the heart is the aorta. ## Name the valve present at the point where the pulmonary trunk and aorta start from the heart, resembling a half-moon? - The valve at the start of the pulmonary trunk and aorta is called the semi-lunar valve. ## Name the specialized muscle present in the heart? - The specialized muscle present in the heart is the cardiac muscle. ## Name the special graphical record that controls the heartbeats per minute (electric impulses)? - An electrocardiogram (ECG) records the electrical activity of the heart – Sinoatrial Node. ## Name the Node of specialized quick tissue present in the heart? - The Node of specialized quick tissue present in the heart is the sinoatrial node or SA-node. ## State the SA Node location? - The SA Node is located in the upper right corner of the right atrium. ## The SA Node is called? - The SA Node is called the Natural pacemaker of the heart. A mechanical device is placed in humans, if their SA Node is damaged - it is called an artificial pacemaker. ## A complex network of conducting tubes that convey blood throughout the body is? - A complex network of conducting tubes that convey blood throughout the body is blood vessels or vascular vessels. ## Name the blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to different body parts? - The blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to different body parts is the arteries. ## Name the blood vessel that carries blood toward the heart from different body parts? - The superior vena cava carries blood toward the heart from the upper body parts. ## Capillaries are? - Capillaries are the finest blood vessels in the body, interconnected arteries and veins. ## State the main function of capillaries? - The main function of capillaries is the exchange of materials between blood and surrounding cells, like oxygen and nutrients and waste products. ## State the role of each? - **Superior vena cava:** Brings deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium. - **Inferior vena cava:** Brings deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium. - **Pulmonary artery** carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation. - **Aorta:** Distributes oxygenated blood to the body through its branches. - **Coronary artery:** Supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscles. - **Coronary vein:** Returns deoxygenated blood from the heart muscles. ## Name the blood vessel in which blood flows with high speed and under high pressure? - Arteries are where blood flows with high speed and under high pressure. ## Name the blood vessel in which valves are present? - Veins contain valves. ## Name the blood vessel deeply situated in our body? - Arteries are deeply situated in our body. ## The chamber where blood from different parts of the body is collected & before being sent to the lungs for oxygen is? - The chamber where blood from different parts of the body is collected & before being sent to the lungs for oxygen is the right atrium. ## Oxygen-rich blood returning from the lungs is emptied in? - Oxygen-rich blood returning from the lungs is emptied in the left atrium. ## The blood on the right side of the heart never mixes with? - The blood on the right side of the heart never mixes with the blood on the left side because it is separated by a septum. ## The blood flows through the heart valves to complete? - The blood flows through the heart valves to complete full circulation throughout the body. ## Name the 2 types of circulation process in our body? - The two types of circulation in our body are pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. ## Define Double circulation of blood? - Double circulation means that blood flows through the heart twice, once getting deoxygenated and then after getting oxygenated ## Define tissue fluid? - Tissue fluid is the fluid that bathes the cells. This fluid is derived from the blood plasma and leaks out through the walls of capillaries into the intercellular spaces. It helps in the exchange of materials between the blood and other tissues. ## Name the fluid that leaks out from capillaries and transports oxygen? - Tissue fluid. ## Minute channels present in lymph vessel lymphatic system that convey tissue fluid are called? - Minute channels present in lymph vessel lymphatic system that convey tissue fluid are called lymphatic capillaries. ## What does the lymphatic system consist of? - The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic organs such as spleen and the tonsil, a conducting network of lymph vessels and the circulating lymph. ## Name the cellular component of lymph? - The cellular components of lymph are leukocytes (mostly lymphocytes). ## Name non-cellular component of lymph? - The non-cellular component of lymph is mainly water (about 99%) and the rest is made up of proteins, fats, antibodies, etc. ## State the function of lymph? - **Nutritive:** It supplies nutrition and oxygen to those parts where blood cannot reach. - **Drainage:** It drains excess fluid and metabolites from tissues. - **Absorption:** It absorbs fats and through lymph vessels. - **Defense:** Lymphocytes and monocytes of the lymph function to protect the body, they help in removing bacteria, bacteria, etc. ## Fats in the tissues are absorbed through? - Fats in the tissues are absorbed through lymph vessels. ## The movement of lymph largely depends on? - The movement of lymph largely depends on the function to protect the body of the lymphocytes and monocytes. ## The movement of lymph is largely dependent on? - The movement of lymph is largely dependent on the contraction of the surrounding muscle. ## Name the 2 types of antisera & antigen? - A and B ## Define Blood Transfusion? - A blood transfusion is when a blood donor gives their blood to another human being. ## The blood group of a person with antigen A on their RBC is? - A. ## The blood group of a person with antigen B on their RBC is? - B. ## The blood group of a person with neither antigen A and B on their RBC is? - O. ## The blood group of a person with both A and B antigen on their RBC is? - AB. ## Which blood group is known as universal donor and why? - Those with O blood group have no antibodies. Therefore called universal donors. ## Blood bank is? - Blood bank is a place where blood collected from donors is stored and preserved in a liquid state that can be given to the recipient when it is needed. ## A heart related condition is caused by stress and anxiety of? - A heart related condition is caused by stress and anxiety of blood palpitations. ## State a symptom of palpitations? - Unusual heartbeat sensation, shortness of breath, chest pain or discomfort ## A condition that occurs in a person when blood flows through the blood vessels with greater force than normal? - Hypertension. ## A sudden interruption of blood supply to the heart is? - Heart Attack. ## State the cause of heart attack? - It usually occurs due to a blood clot that prevents the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the cardiac muscle. As a result, a part of the heart muscle gets damaged due to permanent damage to the heart. ## State the cause of cardiac arrest? - Cardiac arrest occurs when the heart suddenly stops pumping blood to rest of the body. ## One point of cardiac arrest and heart attack? - During a heart attack, the flow of blood to the heart is interrupted. - During a cardiac arrest, the heart stops pumping blood to the body.