BIO 3103 Air Pollution Exam PDF

BIO 3103 - Air Pollution Exam 1. What is the primary component of the Earth's atmosphere? ○ A. Nitrogen ○ B. Oxygen ○ C. Carbon Dioxide ○ D. Argon 2. The layer of the atmosphere that contains the protective ozone layer is: ○ A. Troposphere ○ B. Mesosphere ○...

BIO 3103 - Air Pollution Exam 1. What is the primary component of the Earth's atmosphere? ○ A. Nitrogen ○ B. Oxygen ○ C. Carbon Dioxide ○ D. Argon 2. The layer of the atmosphere that contains the protective ozone layer is: ○ A. Troposphere ○ B. Mesosphere ○ C. Thermosphere ○ D. Stratosphere 3. Which pollutant is a major component of photochemical smog? ○ A. Carbon Monoxide ○ B. Ozone ○ C. Sulfur Dioxide ○ D. Methane 4. Industrial smog primarily results from: ○ A. Vehicle emissions ○ B. Burning coal ○ C. Windblown dust ○ D. Volcanic eruptions 5. Primary pollutants are: ○ A. Directly emitted into the air ○ B. Formed by chemical reactions in the atmosphere ○ C. Harmless in low concentrations ○ D. Only from human sources 6. Which gas accounts for 78% of the atmosphere? ○ A. Oxygen ○ B. Carbon Dioxide ○ C. Nitrogen ○ D. Argon 7. Acid deposition is primarily caused by emissions of: ○ A. Ozone ○ B. Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides ○ C. Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide ○ D. Methane 8. Which indoor air pollutant is most common in developing countries? ○ A. Carbon Monoxide ○ B. Smoke and soot from wood and coal fires ○ C. Radon ○ D. Volatile organic compounds 9. Which type of smog is also called "gray-air smog"?  ○ A. Photochemical smog ○ B. Industrial smog ○ C. Acid smog ○ D. None of the above 10. The main source of Nitrogen Dioxide emissions in urban areas is: ○ A. Factories ○ B. Motor vehicles ○ C. Power plants ○ D. Volcanoes 11. Which is NOT a source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)? ○ A. Gasoline ○ B. Carbon Dioxide ○ C. Benzene ○ D. Paint 12. Which is an example of a secondary pollutant? ○ A. Carbon Monoxide ○ B. Ozone ○ C. Nitrogen ○ D. Sulfur Dioxide 13. Ozone at ground level is: ○ A. Beneficial for plants ○ B. Harmful to human health ○ C. Produced by plants ○ D. Safe in all concentrations 14. A natural source of particulates is: ○ A. Motor vehicles ○ B. Sea salt ○ C. Industrial emissions ○ D. Agricultural activities 15. Fine particulate matter (PM10) has a diameter of: ○ A. Less than 2.5 µm ○ B. Less than 10 µm ○ C. 15-20 µm ○ D. More than 10 µm 16. Which is NOT a major effect of acid deposition? ○ A. Respiratory disease ○ B. Harm to aquatic life ○ C. Increase in forest cover ○ D. Leaching of toxic metals 17. An example of a prevention strategy for motor vehicle pollution is: ○ A. Use of emission control devices ○ B. Inspection of exhaust systems ○ C. Using mass transit ○ D. Increased vehicle taxes 18. Which substance is known as a greenhouse gas? ○ A. Methane ○ B. Sulfuric Acid ○ C. Nitrous Oxide ○ D. Ozone 19. The "global sunscreen" effect is provided by: ○ A. Carbon Monoxide ○ B. Stratospheric ozone ○ C. Methane ○ D. Nitrogen Dioxide 20. Which of the following forms of acid deposition is dry? ○ A. Acid snow ○ B. Acid fog ○ C. Acidic particles ○ D. Acid rain 21. Suspended particulate matter (SPM) includes: ○ A. Solid particles ○ B. Liquid droplets ○ C. Both A and B ○ D. All of the above 22. Which type of coal has the lowest sulfur content? ○ A. Lignite ○ B. Anthracite ○ C. Bituminous ○ D. Sub-bituminous 23. The majority of sulfur emissions in the air come from: ○ A. Cars ○ B. Coal-burning plants ○ C. Natural gas ○ D. Cement production 24. Which pollutant can lead to the formation of aerosols? ○ A. Sulfur Dioxide ○ B. Carbon Dioxide ○ C. Ozone ○ D. Nitrogen 25. Photochemical smog is also referred to as: ○ A. Gray-air smog ○ B. Brown-air smog ○ C. Yellow-air smog ○ D. Industrial smog 26. Methane is commonly emitted by: ○ A. Vehicles  ○ B. Cows and other ruminants ○ C. Trees ○ D. Fish 27. The ozone layer primarily absorbs: ○ A. UV radiation ○ B. Infrared radiation ○ C. Visible light ○ D. Gamma rays 28. Which is an example of a primary pollutant? ○ A. Carbon monoxide ○ B. Ground-level ozone ○ C. Photochemical oxidants ○ D. Aldehydes 29. A significant human source of SPM is: ○ A. Wildfires ○ B. Road construction ○ C. Sea salt ○ D. Soil erosion 30. One effective indoor pollution prevention strategy is: ○ A. Adding air fresheners ○ B. Banning smoking indoors ○ C. Using more air conditioners ○ D. Painting walls 31. Which chemical reaction contributes to acid rain? ○ A. SO2 + H2O = H2SO4 ○ B. NO + O3 = NO2 ○ C. CO2 + H2O = CO3 ○ D. CH4 + O2 = CO2 32. A significant effect of acid rain is: ○ A. Increasing soil pH ○ B. Leaching essential nutrients ○ C. Reducing UV exposure ○ D. Increasing CO2 levels 33. The primary cause of stratospheric ozone depletion is: ○ A. Carbon Dioxide ○ B. Nitrogen Dioxide ○ C. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) ○ D. Methane 34. Fine particulates are associated with: ○ A. Decreased rainfall ○ B. Breathing problems ○ C. Increased soil pH  ○ D. Cooling in urban areas 35. Which of these is an effective outdoor pollution prevention method? ○ A. Increasing fossil fuel use ○ B. Using renewable energy sources ○ C. Reducing vehicle regulations ○ D. Dispersing emissions 36. A gas that is harmful to both humans and plants in high concentrations: ○ A. Ozone ○ B. Nitrogen ○ C. Oxygen ○ D. Water vapor 37. Photochemical smog typically requires which component to form? ○ A. Carbon Dioxide ○ B. Sunlight ○ C. Methane ○ D. Sulfur Dioxide 38. An example of an indoor air pollutant that evaporates easily is: ○ A. Smoke ○ B. Volatile Organic Compounds ○ C. Dust ○ D. Carbon Dioxide 39. Reducing sulfur emissions can be achieved by: ○ A. Increasing fossil fuel use ○ B. Burning low-sulfur coal ○ C. Using more nuclear power ○ D. Adding more nitrogen 40. Acid rain's primary effect on aquatic life is due to: ○ A. Lowering pH levels ○ B. Increasing CO2 ○ C. Raising temperatures ○ D. Decreasing sunlight 41. Which activity releases the most SPM? ○ A. Walking ○ B. Construction ○ C. Fishing ○ D. Swimming 42. Reducing motor vehicle emissions includes: ○ A. Using cleaner fuels ○ B. Increasing fossil fuel use ○ C. Removing emission controls ○ D. Increasing engine sizes 43. Which of these pollutants can directly cause acid rain?  ○ A. Sulfur Dioxide ○ B. Carbon Dioxide ○ C. Nitrogen ○ D. Helium 44. Which gas is most associated with respiratory issues in humans? ○ A. Ozone ○ B. Argon ○ C. Carbon Dioxide ○ D. Nitrogen 45. The primary source of sulfuric acid in the atmosphere is: ○ A. Burning of fossil fuels ○ B. Natural gas ○ C. Automobile emissions ○ D. Solar panels 46. One effect of VOCs in the atmosphere: ○ A. Formation of photochemical smog ○ B. Reduction of CO2 ○ C. Increase in water vapor ○ D. Decrease in nitrogen 47. An example of a photochemical oxidant is: ○ A. Carbon Monoxide ○ B. Ozone ○ C. Sulfur Dioxide ○ D. Helium 48. Effective indoor air pollution reduction includes: ○ A. Banning indoor plants ○ B. Increasing outside air intake ○ C. Installing more windows ○ D. Using more gas heaters 49. Which of these pollutants harms plant tissue? ○ A. Nitrogen ○ B. Oxygen ○ C. Ozone ○ D. Helium 50. The best way to control acid deposition is to: ○ A. Increase coal usage ○ B. Use cleaner energy sources ○ C. Increase sulfur levels ○ D. Eliminate all vehicles 51. Which two chemicals are the primary pollutants involved in the formation of acid deposition? ○ A. Carbon Dioxide and Methane ○ B. Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides ○ C. Ozone and Carbon Monoxide  ○ D. Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide 52. Indoor air pollution prevention can include which of the following? ○ A. Installing carbon monoxide detectors ○ B. Increasing ventilation with exhaust fans ○ C. Adding plants to improve air quality ○ D. Removing carpets 53. Which of the following is a common result of photochemical smog in urban areas? ○ A. Acid rain ○ B. Ground-level ozone ○ C. Stratospheric ozone depletion ○ D. Increase in atmospheric methane 54. In addition to respiratory problems, ozone exposure can also: ○ A. Increase pH in lakes ○ B. Cause bone damage ○ C. Damage materials like rubber and plastic ○ D. Improve immune resistance 55. What is the role of the "global sunscreen" in the atmosphere? ○ A. Absorbs 95% of harmful UV radiation ○ B. Reduces CO2 levels ○ C. Increases atmospheric pressure ○ D. Absorbs all infrared radiation 56. A significant way to reduce acid deposition is to: ○ A. Increase sulfur usage in industry ○ B. Reduce fossil fuel combustion ○ C. Burn low-sulfur coal ○ D. Increase vehicle exhaust emissions 57. Which of these is a natural source of air pollution? ○ A. Emissions from power plants ○ B. Volcanic eruptions ○ C. Emissions from motor vehicles ○ D. Industrial emissions 58. What type of energy sources are recommended to reduce outdoor air pollution? ○ A. Fossil fuels ○ B. Renewable energy sources ○ C. Nuclear power ○ D. Imported fuels 59. Which method is used to neutralize acidified lakes? ○ A. Increasing vegetation around lakes ○ B. Removing pollutants from the lake ○ C. Adding lime ○ D. Using tall smokestacks nearby 60. The harmful health effects of sulfur dioxide include: ○ A. Aggravating breathing problems ○ B. Lowering blood pressure  ○ C. Improving digestion ○ D. Causing skin rashes 61. A harmful effect of acid deposition on soil is: ○ A. Leaching of essential nutrients ○ B. Increasing soil temperature ○ C. Promoting plant growth ○ D. Increasing pH levels 62. Which of the following pollutants is colorless and highly reactive? ○ A. Carbon Monoxide ○ B. Ozone ○ C. Sulfur Dioxide ○ D. Nitrous Oxide 63. Which layer of the atmosphere supports the majority of life on Earth? ○ A. Stratosphere ○ B. Mesosphere ○ C. Troposphere ○ D. Thermosphere 64. What are the two main gases in the troposphere? ○ A. Nitrogen and Oxygen ○ B. Methane and Oxygen ○ C. Carbon Dioxide and Water Vapor ○ D. Helium and Argon 65. Which air pollutant is associated with respiratory issues and asthma exacerbation? ○ A. Carbon Dioxide ○ B. Ozone ○ C. Methane ○ D. Water Vapor 66. Photochemical smog is intensified by which environmental factor? ○ A. Low humidity ○ B. Sunlight ○ C. Acid rain ○ D. Increased soil pH 67. Which of the following pollutants is primarily produced by power plants and factories? ○ A. Carbon Monoxide ○ B. Sulfur Dioxide ○ C. Nitrous Oxide ○ D. Ozone 68. Which prevention method is effective against indoor air pollution from radon? ○ A. Installing air conditioners ○ B. Sealing cracks in walls and foundations ○ C. Using air fresheners ○ D. Adding carpet to floors 69. Stratospheric ozone is primarily formed through the interaction of UV radiation with: ○ A. Nitrogen Dioxide  ○ B. Oxygen Molecules ○ C. Methane ○ D. Carbon Dioxide 70. Which indoor pollutant is commonly found in building materials? ○ A. Carbon Monoxide ○ B. Formaldehyde ○ C. Nitrogen Oxide ○ D. Sulfur Dioxide 71. Which of these pollutants is a colorless, odorless gas that can cause death by asphyxiation? ○ A. Nitrous Oxide ○ B. Sulfur Dioxide ○ C. Carbon Monoxide ○ D. Carbon Dioxide 72. Which component is a major contributor to the formation of industrial smog? ○ A. VOCs ○ B. Sulfur Dioxide ○ C. Ozone ○ D. Nitrous Oxide 73. Indoor air pollution from secondhand smoke is best reduced by: ○ A. Adding air purifiers ○ B. Banning smoking indoors ○ C. Increasing humidity ○ D. Opening windows occasionally 74. How does sulfur dioxide affect visibility? ○ A. Improves visibility ○ B. Reduces visibility by forming aerosols ○ C. Aggravates breathing issues ○ D. All of the above 75. Acid deposition can lead to: ○ A. Increased greenhouse gas emissions ○ B. Damage to aquatic ecosystems ○ C. An increase in soil nutrients ○ D. Higher air pressure 76. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) include: ○ A. Benzene and methane ○ B. Water vapor and oxygen ○ C. Nitrogen and helium ○ D. Carbon monoxide 77. Which of these is a strategy for reducing pollution from stationary sources? ○ A. Increasing fuel usage ○ B. Burning low-sulfur coal  ○ C. Using more gasoline ○ D. Increasing vehicle use 78. An example of an activity that reduces motor vehicle air pollution is: ○ A. Using diesel engines ○ B. Using public transportation ○ C. Running engines longer ○ D. Using more gasoline 79. Which pollutant is primarily associated with coal-burning power plants? ○ A. Sulfur Dioxide ○ B. Carbon Monoxide ○ C. Methane ○ D. Ozone 80. Which of the following pollutants is directly linked to acid rain formation? ○ A. Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides ○ B. Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide ○ C. Ozone and Methane ○ D. Nitrogen and Oxygen 81. Acid rain primarily affects which part of the environment? ○ A. Aquatic ecosystems ○ B. Polar ice caps ○ C. The upper atmosphere ○ D. Tropical rainforests 82. Which air pollution prevention method focuses on changing fuel types? ○ A. Reducing vehicle use ○ B. Burning cleaner fuels ○ C. Increasing coal burning ○ D. Raising emission caps 83. One effect of acid rain on forests is: ○ A. Leaching essential plant nutrients ○ B. Increasing tree growth ○ C. Reducing CO2 ○ D. Decreasing water absorption 84. The "gray-air smog" primarily consists of: ○ A. Sulfur Dioxide and Particulate Matter ○ B. Ozone and Carbon Dioxide ○ C. Nitrogen Oxides and VOCs ○ D. Argon and Oxygen 85. The major health risk associated with long-term exposure to particulate matter is: ○ A. Improved immune function ○ B. Lung and heart disease ○ C. Bone loss ○ D. Digestive issues 86. Indoor air pollution from cleaning agents can be reduced by: ○ A. Adding air fresheners ○ B. Using less harmful substitutes ○ C. Increasing heating ○ D. Installing new carpets 87. Which pollutant primarily originates from motor vehicle emissions and industrial plants? ○ A. Nitrogen Oxides ○ B. Carbon Dioxide ○ C. Sulfur Dioxide ○ D. Water vapor 88. Which pollutant can be both a greenhouse gas and an indoor air pollutant? ○ A. Methane ○ B. Sulfur Dioxide ○ C. Water vapor ○ D. Helium 89. Major indoor air pollutants include: ○ A. Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen ○ B. Formaldehyde and Asbestos ○ C. Nitrogen Oxides ○ D. Hydrogen 90. The term "photochemical reaction" refers to: ○ A. The process of plant photosynthesis ○ B. A chemical reaction activated by light ○ C. The generation of electricity by solar panels ○ D. None of the above 91. Which pollutant is directly linked to respiratory problems in humans? ○ A. Nitrogen ○ B. Ozone ○ C. Water vapor ○ D. Methane 92. Using exhaust hoods over stoves helps to: ○ A. Reduce water usage ○ B. Control indoor air pollution ○ C. Improve fuel efficiency ○ D. Increase oxygen intake 93. Air pollution resulting from burning of biomass or fossil fuels includes: ○ A. Increased nitrogen levels ○ B. Increased methane ○ C. Increased particulate matter ○ D. Reduced carbon dioxide 94. Which strategy is most effective in preventing indoor air pollution? ○ A. Using less toxic cleaning products  ○ B. Increasing outdoor air intake ○ C. Sealing windows tightly ○ D. Adding plants indoors 95. What does VOC stand for? ○ A. Volcanic Organic Compounds ○ B. Volatile Organic Compounds ○ C. Various Oxide Compounds ○ D. Viscous Oil Components 96. The respiratory health of children can be significantly affected by exposure to: ○ A. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) ○ B. Ozone layer ○ C. Oxygen ○ D. Argon 97. Which action can help reduce indoor air pollution from radon? ○ A. Sealing foundation cracks ○ B. Adding more windows ○ C. Reducing household dust ○ D. Painting walls 98. Acid deposition can affect the soil by: ○ A. Leaching nutrients essential for plant growth ○ B. Increasing pH balance ○ C. Reducing water absorption ○ D. Enhancing microbial growth 99. The stratosphere is located: ○ A. Directly below the troposphere ○ B. Above the troposphere ○ C. Between the mesosphere and the thermosphere ○ D. At the earth's surface 100. Which pollutant is an indoor hazard that often comes from pressed wood products? o A. Carbon Dioxide o B. Formaldehyde o C. Nitrogen o D. Sulfur Dioxide