Bio 205 Worksheets PDF

Natural Selection & Evolution Talk Nelson How did Ernst Mayr summarize Darwin’s basic g ideas?...

Natural Selection & Evolution Talk Nelson How did Ernst Mayr summarize Darwin’s basic g ideas? multiplacation of speciesa species 3. ice 1. Perpetual Change ↳ how the World is constantly mayer explaining 4. Gradulism : W/ in a Socrastic (Random) order happens gradually over a very changing The idea that Change changeansee s thinking longperiodoftimehis thinking prehapsbig was ·. 2 Common decent ↳ Unlike those before who saw evolution in a happen in small Steps manner that was Similan to a ladder insted ↳ Thought things come from he didn't know anything about genetic used common desent in ↳ However the same place everything causeSometimes Big things is Can happen iGreatWaBranch ↳ Thoughtof T/F Selection causes new traits to appear in a population. (explain) Present Wh in a population it can't just make new things appear ⑰ untove , selection only works if the trait is already This is necks did not "grow" to reach food it a alread ↳ Example-long necks ar Benifical But their wetaraboutthe giraffe adapted Why is the “ladder” model for thinking about evolution misleading and wrong? ladder f and Because a kinda to Evolution occurs that the evolved Species > This is both Mis leading Wrong is then higher then the next, this is reffering as steps and is enthough - one someth thenextwhichin actuallytrueas has these isbetterthen Trees What is a monophyletic group? I where all things that an most closely a related to eachothe monphgroupis grouping a want tohave ↳ This is the type of grouping that biologists its lineal desents of a common ancestors and > - composed  traits no homologus What is a polyphyletic group? S from Common ancestor traits that evolved independantly but are not a ↳ organisms wh homologue polyphyletic are group a ancestors Y means things that things have a Similar trait as their homologos shared by decent things that are reffer to as this that are left out we lots of things do not go together multipula Branchs that What is a paraphyletic group? named Y A paraphyletic does not contain all of the named decendants of a group is where group a group therefore it is missing some groups ↳ This is Usually Composed of Multiple lineages ↳ that are left out This is usually love groupings simplify : To I a ommon ancestor that share C Things But are not "together" Characteristics BasedOn Primitive Why do biologists want monophyletic groups? and are not kind because they are clean - they pertain everything messy groups these of We want > As Biologists organized - to another... this is related ↳ no member of the is More closley group Be sure you understand the idea that trees can pivot at any node. & Branch lengthshave ! this a B > very importanttonote A - C ~ Thisis alsoethe e This is entirely the same thing ! Sister is Sister left or the See here that B3 A still Sister to one another despite that it is on the light - are actually Cladistics  What is the idea of parsimony? the tre But w in the fewest steps i what tree in which revolves around the idea of ↳ Theidea of parsimony Buiding Y choosing the Simple Most Explination Ofatresimony favours this and attempts to avoid complexity ⑬ What is jack-knifing? Bootstrapping? Porifera (ch.4) What is the syncytial ciliate hypothesis? ↳ This would have been a multipudeat Cillia thingy organisms the common ancestor to all of the is the hypothosis that · This had multiple different nucli this became More specialized over time be colonial flaggulate ↳ the free to hadaSimilae this provided some evied are a VS to Branch off this consists of the first thing colonial flagulate hypothesis & * Talk to S What does syncytial mean? nelson nuclevi > - a Mass of Protoplasm Containing many Cell Which hypothesis concerning the origin of animals has the most support? hypothosis is more supported · Due to Molecular evidence - the Colonial flagullate Body types  What are the three body types found in sponges? How are they different from one another? that are found in The three body types Sponges are... Filter at t yellow :Pinacoderis Ascinod Red : Coanaderm I. Ascinoid S num 2 Luekenoid usually ~ ↳ This are. a themate 3. Syncanoid pation ↳ folded anae se Acinod Thisspongehastheze when ↳ the canal is Blocked saluratio, I These have an increased a mount ~nPersie more is much of complexity Sculableoalightly > This - has more increased SA/u Ration throughout the dom increased Nelson S Which type of canal system is found in the largest of sponges? to found we in the lenoid Sponges Talk I A & The inhalent cannel Which is vs Exhalent Canal S How does water travel through the canal system? cell types nelson Help& What are archaeocytes? What do they do? ameboid Cells to Archaeocytes related some may also help W/ digestion I some of these produce Spicules , out of Silica or spongin ↳ These carbonate or ofCalcium can be made out interconnected fibers ↳ These can help w/ digestion and we the distribution of nutrients layer within the mesophyll ↳ into Scelorcytes and form that supportive this is kinda like These can Specialize ↳ Kinda forms the Skeletony layer that is found Wh in MesoPhyll as a gelly supprotive layer What are pinacocytes? What do they do? like protective flat cells Y pinacocytes I like to think of p for protective these are that can form a protective cutecile ↳ These formtheostiainwin a enter the Sponge ↳ These are also contractable to both. have the and ability open close  What are choanocytes? What do they do? also what is reffered to as solar cells > Chonanocytes are a current generate - which beats by in a corkscrew kind way and has the ability to 4 These Collar Cells pertain a flagellum to the "Colar" these can then be transfered food particles stuck within their ↳ These are flagulated !theHowever these have the Ability to get for the Cell Occurs where all of digestion arecocute bit but for the MajorityIt is done withing May do a the Collar Cells L digestion WI in a sponge : Sometimes the archycytes T How do sponges digest their food? a it more deatil into B -But here I will go Water Current 1 Coanocytes Create the watrations food particles in tiny. 2 As. water flows through it Brings called fine hair live projections are made up of L Coanocytes trap food W/ their colors which Microvilli then transfered to archeocytes > gets - the Osclum through ↳ waste projects Classes What are the three classes Syconoid of sponges? Which body forms are found in each? - the True ascroid and 1 Class Calceria These are Sponges - Some lenoid But not really Sycnoid and luekenoid. - 2 Class. Hexnatilldia loeknoid 3 demosponge- All &. Also all lueknoid ↳ Homosceomorpha Which class are the freshwater sponges in? ↳ class demospongin-makes up about 95 % of Sponges  How can the spicules tell you which class a sponge belongs to? and Class CalCarea Contains Calcium Carbonate Sponges Spongen no Class Hex actielidia Contains G rayed Sill Cous Spicules and no Spongin Silliceous those spickles if Present not have spickles Contains Spongin and may or may Demospongin ↳ spicules are most present in Hex actinellidia Cnidaria (ch.5,6,7) Body arrangement What is radial symmetry? can be then · Radial Symmetry is where an organism split into equal parts on more one axis plane For instance take this image ↳ Can be Split in half in two different ways Pros and Cons of different types of symmetry anatomy half reffered to Bilateral Which is actually what humansge we can only be split in along I Axis into equal parts type Symmetry... The other - is as these have benifits mostly regarding to type of motility Each of & goodforbilateralasa E e motile different ends which is But also for for good Catching escaping ↳ beca Prey good forRadia dy have access and awarness to equal Predators or preys What type of gut is found in the cnidaria and no This has opening I ans reffened gastrovascular found Chideria to as cavity within the. a type "gut" that is are The of  What are the three layers of the cnidarian body? The gastro dermis is what is ↑ in the inner layer of the gatrovacu These organisms poss gatoderm cell layer singular ~ Epiderm only refera & mesoglea - is a gel like substance andisphysically Y mesenchyme : reffering to Both the get layer and the cell How do cnidocytes work? Stinging is known as a cell a Chidocyte is What tentacle what sticks out is called a cinidocil this acts I preamble: These all stick up from the Surface and have many on a single as a trigger ↳ on Surface of Epidermus ↳ only replaced sting once and then get causes the release of the hematocyst STE# held Wh in a kind of Capsuel called the Operculine this Bursts and then this electromagetic foild , Sesorry is get triggered by touch , When the Cniocil - why this occurring As to is the nematocyst Hypothoses - ↳ Expells 3 pressure #L Bud and the tubule ↳ pressure (hydrostatic The netmacyst is what Physically does the Stining and it has the M osmotic to it everting for launch tension stored prior ⑳si Me the tubule ↳ Tension-the ( All of the it to launch ↳ Contractive - Squeezing causes ↳ These posses venom of the the attacker ↳This peirces the skin prey or What is a nematocyst? ↳ The Physicall Stinging organelle of a Cindocyte How is the nervous system arranged in cnidarians? What is reffered to system they have as a do not have a central hervous -> These organisms nerve net of Cell in humans we have the centralization and it dosent have any neirarcy Signals system is that it has litterly no thing wi this nervous deidrate > Signals Other neurons> Signals Our Body goes out through the > axon - - The - > - These do not have thiss.. guys a Thiistmostsim an on the Epider mus Epithelial Cells which are / Muscular another and mash nuerons to one nureties that connect Whatessentiallyhappen I There the neutroem cells associated wh wh no real Signals everywhere are also - the radius of this gastroderm Clidirectional signals sort direction of any of the touch depends on the frequency ↳ 2 kinds of filers Relaxed Shrineaerated : - He Body circular t ↳ causes to lengthen orShrink longhatucianamakese  Body forms Describe the two body forms found in cnidarians. Y The Body forms found in this organism are called the poyup and the medusa Medusa : > This is - the Main Sexuall reproduction Body type Poylp ↳ The Medusa is "dioecius" therefore meaning that u not as known for the Sexuall form But for it has two separate sexes > sepreats sexs and different times - (it means that asexual-doesthisBy it has bud, ↳ This which corresponds / dioecious very well I not Body form is also gonochoristic to form another individual or just an individual Budding Which body form is better suited for sexual reproduction? TheMedusa is much better for Sexual reproduction ! the Correct circumstance form that produces the Polyp may actually also reproduce Sexually given the Sexually as - is not However it only ↳ medusa : There is not really any ↳ Theinstances spe a a Stage ofcopulationtheygs and include : do Sexuall reproduction 1. The lifecycle only pertains a polyp this the may or Main aspect of the lifecycle 2. It thePoylup is the in Both Males and in females These don't really Pertain Sexuall dimorphism in looks the same * Describe the basic life cycle of cnidarians Obelia Classes Describe the classes of cnidarians. Class Schphoza Cubeoza Class Stauroza Class ↳ These pertain the Box Jellies Hydroza the true Jellies Aweird tinylittleclasnecusala > - These are ↳ These are deadly to humans ! ↳ name ↳ he dosent like the These pertain the ↳ These hydra can be either Marine Jelly fish verysimilartoScyphoa erectly Which is the subphylum But Physically it dosent possess a Medusa These possess a dominant or which Esoppose freshwater > - devoip into a polyp Phase (May be lost this Medusa Phase Can Produce into the Medusa ↳ Usually Pertains different poyips planktonic Phase wh out the process of tentacle clusters very pleagic ↳It has farms wi ↳ live a such as the Gastro and gonozoids life style strobulation and has Kinda a stalked poylp ↳ And the polyp of these can ↳ it needed it can kinda flop gastro-feeding - > - These posses a rhopalium Kind Crawl if there is aimmediate threat gonozoids Reproduction Which is a sensory like We adhesive disks = these ↳ Attatchs structure thatgle ,a within ↳ The Bhopalium ↳ The freshwaterHula usa guysKinda locuslivaeas all Phase along the outter edges ae 6 pairs of eyes that ↳ These ↳ Poy to pro a ,paniBud" associated with it when these it hurts and are - looks Kinda like a coral - sting ↳ I that are larger > - hydra Corals (fire Corals) posses the thought to be image forming > Porpita-Porpita Blue Button ( is actually made up of many poyips) Strato lifts to which isGralyis - help ballance > Physalia - (port-o-man war them a Brain ↳ the floaters ↳ A few other pairs 4 pairs float or a sail simple ↳ These possess a Class Anthoza that are very filled w/carbon Monoxide raised to subphylum Theallows forthemta ↳ This is a Biggroup-Prehaps getting le Sister to the Medusazo a Anctinaria : Sceltring has tenticle line structures that ↳ There C orders that he got to know ↳ have the ability to reproduce Sexually and i These are the corals and these things are are Asexually - Pretty amazing actually poylups AsexuallythisisdoneByPedallaceratina are order : Actinaria orderi ↳ Scleractina ↳ have have symbiotic Relations Posses the ↳ Ananomica 200 anxthe is (curals) and regenerates ↳ and have what is known as zoidS Reproduction (Anamines which is how these colors physically get thesearedisa.S Enstrolooia : and gone fenticle w/ Colonial = Corals ↳ sexually their pigmint pyclatoid : more live a anenomics nematocysts solitary = male - female are gonochoristic D What is strobilation? Y Serial that Allows for the production of a medusa form Budding What are rhopalia used for? ↳ These what used as structors in Certain classes of Jellies sessory are are ↳ Talked about itf there How is the rhopalium in box jellies different? I talked about in upper question Describe two of the symbiotic relationships commonly found in the Anthozoa. ↳ down fish and their relationship w/ anenomies ↳ zoanxis ↳ Anenomies possess this ability to sting ↳ The concept that gives corals their bright colors Coral and their more often then that lives Win the pray-however ↳ There is a photosynthetic Algea not a fish will be down photographed because of the light penetration it has the ability to produce with annomic Coulour for that coval orare ↳ The down fish work its can slowly into way ↳ A Bit more happening that coral isprovidingafoed the Coral or anemone , the down fish has the to attract animals ability to for the annemice sting and the anneomie Car some protection Provide Ctenophora How are comb jellies different from true jellies ↳ have these combs that these posses ↳ difference Win the way that they swim ↳ True Jellies Radial (comb) 4 These have Bilateral Summerry  What does the name “comb” jelly refer to? to the 8 Kinda Comb like structures that kinda help to a ThenameCombis refering ↳ their movement ↳ These combs are ciliated and helps them with gliding ↳ Therefore this are physically made up of Cillia and the Beating ofThis Cillia allows for the etenophera to just guide along the water ↳ The true moon Jellis these presented muscle Contractions for their Body to move theemphaa , SaucreR How do ctenophora swim? - Talkedaboutinaestion lophotrochozoa & ecdysozoa Review characteristics and phyla in each group. Copotrophaza : tropcaphore larve I have a lopaphore or a Review the basic tree from the website. Flatworms (ch.8) Acoela Define coelomate, pseudocoelomate, and acoelomate. tissue all the Acelomate : has no gut- this is just possessing no way through ↳ no body cavity psuedo celuemate: lined ↓ These physically have the Body Cavity however there is no musclucam support to hold that got > - only partially Ceolmate : has a mesoderm to support the gut ↳ True Cellum-which is surrounded by mesoderm tissue How are acoela different from platyhelminthes? accola have Simplier Nervous Systems) flat worms have a more devoiped Sytem aceloa can Produce Sexually + Asexually I flatworms are hermaphoictic many Platyhelminthes Anatomy What type of gut to flatworms possess? ↳ flatworms pos