Big Bang Theory PDF

The Big Bang Model  The Big Bang is how astronomers explain the way the universe began. It is the idea that the universe began as just a single point, then expanded and stretched to grow as large as it is right now—and it is still stretching! - prior to that moment, - during that mome...

The Big Bang Model  The Big Bang is how astronomers explain the way the universe began. It is the idea that the universe began as just a single point, then expanded and stretched to grow as large as it is right now—and it is still stretching! - prior to that moment, - during that moment, the - after that moment, the there was nothing but a expansion began - universe was created. single dense point - atom. distributing a lot of debris. Important People: “General Theory of Relativity” - The first scientist who wanted to discover the origin of the universe. - That the universe is not-static (expanding, moving, not stationary). - Getting blown by the concept of the gravity and inspired by Newton's law of universal gravitation. Creating the “time” and “space”. - Being swayed and quote to himself the idea of “The greatest blunder of my life”. 1916 - Albert Einstein Important People: “The universe is expanding” - He discovered that the universe was indeed expanding. - Edwin Hubble, using the world’s largest telescope at Mt. Wilson in California, had shown that the distant galaxies all appeared to be receding from us at speeds proportional to their distances. 1920 - Edwin Hubble  Important People: - was principally interested in the mathematics of a range of idealized solutions (including expanding and contracting universes). - did not pursue the possibility that one of them might actually describe the physical universe. 1922 - Alexander Friedmann  Important People: - other cosmologists, including Eddington, Willem de Sitter, and Einstein, had concluded that the static (non-evolving) models of the universe they had worked on for many years were unsatisfactory. - These cosmologists used the published paper of George Lemaitre to prove that the universe was not static together with the observations of Edwin Hubble. 1930 - Eddington, Willem de Sitter, & Einstein Important People: “Big Bang Theory” - Father of the Big Bang Theory. - In 1927, Lemaître published in Belgium a virtually unnoticed paper that provided a compelling solution to the equations of General Relativity for the case of an expanding universe. - Lemaitre suggested that the universe began with what he called a "cosmic atom". - In his cosmic evolutionary scenario, this superatom then broke apart, gradually forming all the atoms and particles that make up the universe today. 1931 - Georges Lemaitre Development stages of the Big Bang 1. Starts with the “singular atom” Lemaître argued that the physical universe was initially a single particle—the “primeval atom” as he called it—which disintegrated in an explosion, giving rise to space and time and the expansion of the universe that continues to this day. Primeval atom - extremely dense state back then. - An atom is so small - Infinite mass - Infinite temperature - Infinite density  2. Big Bang happened (took place 13 -15 years ago) Led to the huge expansion = universe was born (time, space, and matter emerged). Started from a highly Fundamentals particles appeared dense state. - quarks, electrons, and protons. Its sudden, rapid expansion triggered Particles of matter annihilated antimatter the chain of events that created the particles, resulting in matter becoming cosmos. dominant in the universe.  About 3 minutes after = Protons and neutrons began to come together to form the nuclei of simple elements. The universe was an intensely hot, The first element formed - hydrogen opaque fog - “Dark Age” together with nuclei (hydrogen nuclei) During “dark age”, subatomic particles Particles of matter annihilated antimatter combined and created the first particles, resulting in matter becoming elements. dominant in the universe.  300,000 years after = the universe cooled for about 4000°C. Hydrogen and helium became the Dense clouds of matter dominant elements in the universe. The universe became transparent and Began to cluster in certain regions of got filled with clouds of hydrogen and the universe - forming gas clouds. helium gases.  1 billion years after = stars, galaxies, and clusters were formed. Clouds of gas and dust - “Nebula” Humankind made the first observations of the cosmos In return, formed clusters and superclusters scattered throughout the universe. The origin of the universe - Big Bang