Beginner Cooper Chapter Quizzes PDF

Want more? Visit: https://thegoodleopard.sellfy.store Beginners Multiple Choice Quiz on Cooper 3rd Edition Chapters 1-31 PART 1: INTRODUCTION AND BASIC CONCEPTS 1. What is a key characteristic of Applied Behavior Analysis? a. It focuses on theoretical research....

Want more? Visit: https://thegoodleopard.sellfy.store Beginners Multiple Choice Quiz on Cooper 3rd Edition Chapters 1-31 PART 1: INTRODUCTION AND BASIC CONCEPTS 1. What is a key characteristic of Applied Behavior Analysis? a. It focuses on theoretical research. https://thegoodleopard.sellfy.store b. It is concerned with changing socially significant behaviors. c. It emphasizes non-quantitative methods. d. It relies on unstructured observations. 2. Which of the following is a basic concept in ABA? a. Psychoanalysis b. Operant conditioning c. Freudian theory d. Humanistic psychology 3. What principle is essential for defining behaviors in ABA? a. Ambiguity b. Objectivity c. Subjectivity d. Intuition 4. Which term refers to the application of quantitative labels to describe natural events in ABA? a. Hypothesizing b. Measuring c. Qualifying d. Theorizing Created, written and produced by Asia Carey, BCBA, LBA. All Rights Reserved © The Good Leopard | 2024. Do not replicate or distribute. 5. What is the primary goal of ABA? a. To prove psychological theories b. To understand abstract concepts c. To bring about meaningful behavior change d. To develop new psychological tests PART 2: SELECTING, DEFINING, AND MEASURING BEHAVIOR 6. What is the first step in selecting target behaviors? a. Measurement b. Observation c. Hypothesis formation d. Operational definition 7. Which of the following is a measure based on repeatability? a. Duration b. Count c. Latency d. Interresponse time 8. What term describes the time elapsed between the onset of a stimulus and the initiation of a https://thegoodleopard.sellfy.store response? a. Duration b. Frequency c. Latency d. Celeration 9. Which type of measurement involves detecting all instances of the response class during the observation period? a. Discontinuous measurement b. Indirect measurement c. Continuous measurement d. Partial interval recording 10. What is an indicator of trustworthy measurement that ensures data is directly relevant to the phenomena measured? a. Validity b. Accuracy c. Reliability d. Calibration 11. Which term refers to the extent to which observed values match the true state of events? a. Validity b. Reliability c. Accuracy d. Believability 12. What quality ensures that a measurement procedure yields the same value when repeated? a. Validity b. Accuracy c. Reliability d. Believability 13. What is the most often used index of believability in ABA? a. Calibration b. Interobserver agreement (IOA) c. Direct measurement d. True value 14. Which type of measurement error occurs consistently in one direction? a. Random error b. Observer drift c. Measurement bias d. Measurement artifact https://thegoodleopard.sellfy.store 15. What is the term for unintended changes in how data is collected over time? a. Measurement artifact b. Observer drift c. Calibration d. Validity PART 3: EVALUATING AND ANALYZING BEHAVIOR CHANGE 16. What is the purpose of constructing graphic displays of behavioral data? a. To create aesthetic charts b. To analyze trends and patterns in behavior c. To make theoretical predictions d. To summarize research articles 17. Which of the following designs involves reversing intervention phases to demonstrate the effects of the intervention? a. Multiple baseline design b. Changing criterion design c. Reversal design d. Multielement design 18. Which of the following best describes what a multiple baseline design aims to demonstrate? a. The rapid alternation of treatments b. The effects of treatment across different contexts c. The temporary effects of an intervention d. The interaction between different treatments 19. Which design gradually alters the criteria for reinforcement to increase or decrease a behavior? a. Multiple baseline design b. Changing criterion design c. Reversal design d. Multielement design 20. When planning ABA research, what is a crucial factor to consider? a. Theoretical relevance b. Cost of materials c. Experimental control d. Historical context https://thegoodleopard.sellfy.store PART 4: REINFORCEMENT 21. What is the primary effect of positive reinforcement? a. Decrease in behavior b. Increase in behavior c. Stabilization of behavior d. Elimination of behavior 22. Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement? a. Giving a treat for good behavior b. Removing a disliked task when a desired behavior occurs c. Adding extra homework for misbehavior d. Ignoring undesirable behavior 23. What type of reinforcement schedule involves providing reinforcement after a fixed number of responses? a. Fixed interval b. Variable interval c. Fixed ratio d. Variable ratio 24. Which schedule of reinforcement produces a high and steady rate of response? a. Fixed interval b. Variable interval c. Fixed ratio d. Variable ratio 25. What is the effect of continuous reinforcement on behavior? a. Creates resistance to extinction b. Produces rapid learning c. Leads to variable response rates d. Reduces behavior variability PART 5: PUNISHMENT 26. What is the primary effect of positive punishment? a. Increase in behavior b. Decrease in behavior c. Stabilization of behavior d. Elimination of behavior https://thegoodleopard.sellfy.store 27. Which of the following is an example of negative punishment? a. Giving a fine for speeding b. Removing a toy for misbehavior c. Adding extra chores for disobedience d. Ignoring bad behavior 28. What is a potential side effect of punishment? a. Increase in desired behavior b. Emotional and aggressive reactions c. Long-term behavior change d. Strengthening of positive behaviors 29. Which punishment procedure involves removing a stimulus following a behavior? a. Positive punishment b. Negative reinforcement c. Negative punishment d. Positive reinforcement 30. What is a common ethical concern related to the use of punishment in ABA? a. The complexity of implementation b. The potential for misuse and abuse c. The cost of materials d. The time required for training PART 6: ANTECEDENT VARIABLES 31. What are motivating operations in ABA? a. Procedures that increase the effectiveness of reinforcement or punishment b. Stimuli that automatically trigger a response c. Behaviors that occur before the target behavior d. Consequences that follow a behavior 32. Which type of stimulus control involves a behavior being more likely to occur in the presence of a specific stimulus? a. Positive reinforcement b. Negative reinforcement c. Discriminative stimulus d. Punishment 33. What is the effect of an establishing operation on behavior? https://thegoodleopard.sellfy.store a. Decreases the value of a reinforcer b. Increases the value of a reinforcer c. Eliminates the behavior d. Has no effect on behavior 34. Which term refers to the removal of a stimulus that increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring in the future? a. Positive reinforcement b. Negative reinforcement c. Positive punishment d. Negative punishment 35. Which type of antecedent manipulation involves altering the environment to decrease the likelihood of a behavior occurring? a. Motivating operation b. Discriminative stimulus c. Antecedent intervention d. Reinforcement PART 7: VERBAL BEHAVIOR 36. What is the focus of verbal behavior analysis? a. Nonverbal communication b. The functional analysis of language c. Psychoanalytic interpretation of speech d. Cognitive processes involved in language 37. Which type of verbal behavior is reinforced by a specific item or event? a. Mand b. Tact c. Intraverbal d. Echoic 38. What is an intraverbal response in verbal behavior? a. A verbal response to a verbal stimulus that does not have point-to-point correspondence b. A verbal response that mimics another's speech and has formal similarity c. A verbal response reinforced by a specific item d. A verbal response to a nonverbal stimulus 39. Which of the following is an example of a tact? a. Asking for water when thirsty https://thegoodleopard.sellfy.store b. Labeling a picture as a "dog" c. Repeating someone else's words d. Answering a question about a fact 40. Which of the following represents an echoic in verbal behavior? a. To request an item b. To label an object c. To repeat what someone else has said d. To respond to a question PART 8: DEVELOPING NEW BEHAVIOR 41. What is equivalence-based instruction? a. Teaching using reinforcement schedules b. Using non-equivalent stimuli to produce learning c. Teaching through stimulus equivalence relations d. Using punishment to decrease behavior 42. Which method is used to teach new behavior by reinforcing successive approximations? a. Shaping b. Chaining c. Modeling d. Imitation 43. What is the focus of imitation in ABA? a. Teaching verbal behavior b. Reinforcing independent behavior c. Teaching through observing and copying others d. Analyzing cognitive processes 44. Which of the following involves breaking down a complex behavior into smaller, teachable units? a. Shaping b. Chaining c. Modeling d. Extinction 45. What is the goal of chaining in behavior development? a. To decrease unwanted behavior b. To teach a sequence of behaviors c. To establish stimulus control d. To eliminate behavior variability PART 9: DECREASING BEHAVIOR WITH NON-PUNISHMENT PROCEDURES https://thegoodleopard.sellfy.store 46. What is the primary effect of extinction on behavior? a. Increase in behavior b. Decrease in behavior c. Stabilization of behavior d. Reinforcement of behavior 47. Which of the following is an example of differential reinforcement? a. Reinforcing a behavior intermittently b. Reinforcing only the desired behavior while withholding reinforcement for other behaviors c. Using punishment to decrease unwanted behavior d. Applying reinforcement and punishment equally 48. What is an antecedent intervention? a. Changing the consequences of a behavior b. Altering the environment before a behavior occurs c. Reinforcing a behavior intermittently d. Using punishment to decrease unwanted behavior 49. Which procedure involves gradually reducing the frequency of reinforcement for a behavior? a. Extinction b. Differential reinforcement c. Chaining d. Shaping 50. What is a common goal of using non-punishment procedures to decrease behavior? a. To immediately stop the behavior b. To teach alternative behaviors c. To reinforce the behavior intermittently d. To increase the frequency of the behavior PART 10: FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT 51. What is the primary purpose of a functional behavior assessment (FBA)? a. To diagnose psychological disorders b. To identify the causes and functions of behavior c. To implement punishment procedures d. To analyze cognitive processes 52. Which method involves directly observing and recording the antecedents and consequences of behavior? a. Indirect assessment b. Functional analysis c. Descriptive assessment https://thegoodleopard.sellfy.store d. Hypothesis testing 53. What is a key component of conducting a functional analysis? a. Applying punishment to decrease behavior b. Manipulating antecedents and consequences to determine their effects on behavior c. Using indirect methods to gather information d. Observing behavior without intervention 54. Which of the following is an indirect method of functional assessment? a. Functional analysis b. Direct observation c. Interviews and questionnaires d. Manipulating consequences 55. What is the goal of identifying the function of a behavior in an FBA? a. To eliminate the behavior b. To reinforce the behavior c. To understand why the behavior occurs d. To diagnose psychological conditions PART 11: SPECIAL APPLICATIONS 56. What is a token economy? a. A system where tokens are used as secondary reinforcers b. A method of punishment c. A cognitive-behavioral intervention d. A psychoanalytic technique 57. Which type of contingency involves reinforcing an entire group based on the behavior of one or more members? a. Independent group contingency b. Interdependent group contingency c. Dependent group contingency d. Token economy 58. What is the primary goal of a contingency contract? a. To outline rules and consequences for behavior b. To provide immediate reinforcement c. To punish undesired behavior d. To establish token economies 59. What is self-management in ABA? a. Using external reinforcement to change behavior https://thegoodleopard.sellfy.store b. Teaching individuals to regulate their own behavior c. Applying punishment to decrease behavior d. Implementing group contingencies 60. Which of the following is a key component of self-management strategies? a. External punishment b. External reinforcement c. Self-monitoring d. Token economies PART 12: PROMOTING GENERALIZED BEHAVIOR CHANGE 61. What is the goal of generalization in behavior change? a. To apply behavior changes to specific situations only b. To ensure behavior changes occur across various settings and contexts c. To limit behavior changes to the therapy environment d. To use punishment to maintain behavior changes 62. Which strategy involves training in multiple settings to promote generalization? a. Stimulus generalization b. Maintenance training c. Training loosely d. Programming common stimuli 63. What is the purpose of maintenance in behavior change? a. To reinforce behavior changes intermittently b. To ensure behavior changes continue over time c. To decrease the frequency of reinforcement d. To eliminate undesired behavior 64. Which of the following involves using similar stimuli in training and generalization settings? a. Programming common stimuli b. Training loosely c. Stimulus generalization d. Maintenance training 65. What is a key factor in promoting generalized behavior change? a. Using punishment to reinforce behavior b. Implementing group contingencies c. Ensuring behavior changes are maintained over time d. Limiting behavior changes to the therapy environment PART 13: ETHICS https://thegoodleopard.sellfy.store 66. What is a primary ethical responsibility of behavior analysts? a. To maximize profit b. To prioritize the well-being of clients c. To implement punishment procedures d. To conduct theoretical research 67. Which ethical guideline ensures that clients have the right to receive services that benefit them directly? a. Multiple relationships b. Confidentiality c. Least restrictive alternative d. Right to effective treatment 68. What is the purpose of obtaining informed consent in ABA? a. To document client behavior b. To provide information about treatment options c. To ensure clients and stakeholders are aware of and agree to the proposed interventions d. To implement punishment procedures 69. Which of the following is an example of maintaining confidentiality in ABA? a. Sharing client data with colleagues without permission b. Using client information for research without consent c. Protecting client information from unauthorized access d. Discussing client behavior in public settings 70. What is a multiple relationship in the context of ethics? a. When a behavior analyst works with two clients simultaneously b. When a behavior analyst has several different “roles” with a client c. When a client receives services from two behavior analysts d. When a client engages in multiple behaviors Bonus PART 14: PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS 71. Which method involves reinforcing the absence of a behavior for a specific period? a. Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) b. Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) c. Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI) d. Differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL) 72. What is the purpose of using differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)? a. To decrease the target behavior by reinforcing a behavior that cannot occur simultaneously b. To reinforce any behavior other than the target behavior c. To reinforce a behavior that serves the same function as the target behavior https://thegoodleopard.sellfy.store d. To decrease the frequency of the target behavior 73. Which procedure involves gradually increasing the response requirement for reinforcement? a. Fixed ratio schedule b. Variable ratio schedule c. Progressive ratio schedule d. Fixed interval schedule 74. What is the goal of using a progressive ratio schedule in ABA? a. To maintain consistent response rates b. To gradually increase the effort required for reinforcement c. To decrease the likelihood of extinction d. To reinforce behavior intermittently 75. What is the purpose of conducting a preference assessment in ABA? a. To identify potential reinforcers b. To measure behavior frequency c. To implement punishment procedures d. To analyze antecedent variables 76. Which method involves presenting pairs of stimuli to identify preferences? a. Single stimulus assessment b. Paired stimulus assessment c. Multiple stimulus without replacement (MSWO) d. Free operant observation 77. What is a key advantage of using a multiple stimulus without replacement (MSWO) assessment? a. It is time-consuming and detailed b. It provides a rank order of preferences c. It reinforces all presented stimuli d. It focuses on a single stimulus at a time 78. Which type of reinforcement involves providing reinforcement after a variable number of responses? a. Fixed ratio b. Variable ratio c. Fixed interval d. Variable interval 79. What is the purpose of using a variable interval schedule in ABA? a. To create a high and consistent response rate https://thegoodleopard.sellfy.store b. To reinforce behavior after a fixed amount of time c. To reinforce behavior after varying amounts of time d. To decrease the likelihood of extinction 80. Which of the following is a common use of interval schedules in ABA? a. To establish new behaviors quickly b. To maintain behavior over long periods c. To create behavior variability d. To eliminate unwanted behaviors PART 15: ADVANCED TOPICS 81. What is the focus of functional communication training (FCT) in ABA? a. Teaching verbal behavior b. Reducing problematic behavior by teaching alternative communication skills c. Implementing punishment procedures d. Analyzing cognitive processes 82. Which method involves teaching clients to request specific reinforcers? a. Mand training b. Tact training c. Echoic training d. Intraverbal training 83. What is a key component of natural environment training (NET) in ABA? a. Structured teaching sessions b. Teaching skills in the client's natural environment c. Implementing punishment procedures d. Using token economies 84. Which procedure involves using behavioral momentum to increase compliance? a. Premack principle b. High-probability request sequence c. Low-probability request sequence d. Token economy 85. What is the goal of using the Premack principle in ABA? a. To increase the frequency of a low-probability behavior b. To reinforce behavior with a high-probability behavior c. To decrease the frequency of a high-probability behavior d. To implement punishment procedures 86. Which method involves analyzing the functions of behavior to develop effective interventions? https://thegoodleopard.sellfy.store a. Descriptive assessment b. Functional analysis c. Hypothesis testing d. Preference assessment 87. What is the purpose of using a scatter plot in ABA? a. To identify patterns of behavior over time b. To analyze the functions of behavior c. To implement punishment procedures d. To measure reinforcement schedules 88. Which of the following is an example of a continuous measurement procedure? a. Momentary time sampling b. Partial interval recording c. Whole interval recording d. Event recording 89. What is the primary goal of using event recording in ABA? a. To measure the duration of behavior b. To count the frequency of behavior c. To estimate the occurrence of behavior d. To analyze the functions of behavior 90. Which method involves measuring the duration of a behavior? a. Event recording b. Interval recording c. Duration recording d. Latency recording PART 16: APPLICATIONS AND INTERVENTIONS 91. What is the focus of using discrete trial training (DTT) in ABA? a. Teaching skills through structured and repetitive trials b. Implementing punishment procedures c. Analyzing cognitive processes d. Conducting indirect assessments 92. Which of the following is a key component of DTT? a. Unstructured teaching sessions b. Reinforcement of spontaneous behavior c. Teaching in the natural environment d. Use of clear and concise instructions 93. What is the goal of using incidental teaching in ABA? https://thegoodleopard.sellfy.store a. To teach skills in a structured and controlled environment b. To teach skills during naturally occurring activities c. To implement punishment procedures d. To analyze the functions of behavior 94. Which method involves using naturally occurring opportunities to teach and reinforce behavior? a. Discrete trial training b. Incidental teaching c. Functional communication training d. Mand training 95. What is the purpose of using task analysis in ABA? a. To measure the frequency of behavior b. To identify potential reinforcers c. To break down complex behaviors into smaller steps d. To implement punishment procedures 96. Which of the following is an example of a task analysis? a. Conducting a functional behavior assessment b. Teaching a child to brush their teeth step-by-step c. Implementing a token economy d. Using reinforcement schedules 97. What is the goal of using pivotal response training (PRT) in ABA? a. To teach specific skills in isolation b. To target pivotal areas of a child's development c. To implement punishment procedures d. To analyze cognitive processes 98. Which method focuses on increasing motivation and promoting generalization of skills? a. Discrete trial training b. Incidental teaching c. Pivotal response training d. Task analysis 99. What is the purpose of using a behavior intervention plan (BIP) in ABA? a. To document client progress b. To outline strategies for addressing challenging behavior c. To measure behavior frequency d. To implement punishment procedures 100. Which of the following is a key component of a BIP? a. Descriptive assessment https://thegoodleopard.sellfy.store b. Functional analysis c. Clear and specific intervention strategies d. Preference assessment --- Answer key 1. b. Applied Behavior Analysis focuses on changing socially significant behaviors. 2. b. Operant conditioning is a basic concept in ABA. 3. b. Precision and objectivity are essential for defining behaviors in ABA. 4. b. Measuring is the application of quantitative labels to describe natural events. 5. c. The primary goal of ABA is to bring about meaningful behavior change. 6. d. Operationally defining behaviors is the first step in selecting target behaviors. 7. b. Count is a measure based on repeatability. 8. c. Latency is the time elapsed between the onset of a stimulus and the initiation of a response. 9. c. Continuous measurement involves detecting all instances of the response class during the observation period. 10. a. Validity ensures data is directly relevant to the phenomena measured. 11. c. Accuracy refers to the extent to which observed values match the true state of events. 12. c. Reliability ensures a measurement procedure yields the same value when repeated. 13. b. Interobserver agreement (IOA) is the most often used index of believability in ABA. 14. c. Measurement bias occurs consistently in one direction. 15. b. Observer drift refers to unintended changes in how data is collected over time. 16. b. Constructing graphic displays of behavioral data is to analyze trends and patterns in behavior. 17. c. Reversal design involves reversing intervention phases to demonstrate the effects of the intervention. 18. b. Multiple baseline design aims to demonstrate the effects of treatment across different contexts, such as settings, subjects, and behaviors. 19. b. Changing criterion design gradually changes the criteria for reinforcement to shape behavior. 20. c. Experimental control is crucial when planning ABA research to yield valid, accurate and reliable results. 21. b. Positive reinforcement increases behavior. 22. b. Removing a disliked task when a desired behavior occurs is an example of negative reinforcement. 23. c. Fixed ratio schedule involves providing reinforcement after a fixed number of responses. 24. d. Variable ratio schedule produces a high and steady rate of response. 25. b. Continuous reinforcement typically produces rapid learning, as reinforcement is delivered on a FR-1 schedule. 26. b. Positive punishment decreases behavior. 27. b. Removing a toy for misbehavior is an example of negative punishment. https://thegoodleopard.sellfy.store 28. b. Emotional and aggressive reactions are potential side effects of punishment. 29. c. Negative punishment involves removing a stimulus following a behavior. 30. b. Misuse and abuse are common ethical concerns related to the use of punishment in ABA. 31. a. Motivating operations increase the effectiveness of reinforcement or punishment. 32. c. Discriminative stimulus involves a behavior being more likely to occur in the presence of a specific stimulus. 33. b. Establishing operations increase the value of a reinforcer. 34. b. Negative reinforcement refers to the removal of a stimulus that increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring in the future. 35. c. Antecedent intervention involves altering the environment to decrease the likelihood of a behavior occurring. 36. b. The focus of verbal behavior analysis is the functional analysis of language. 37. a. Mand is a type of verbal behavior reinforced by a specific item or event. 38. a. An intraverbal is a verbal response to a verbal stimulus that does not have point-to-point correspondence. 39. b. Labeling a picture as a "dog" is an example of a tact. 40. c. Echoic function in verbal behavior is to repeat what someone else has said. 41. c. Equivalence-based instruction teaches through stimulus equivalence relations. 42. a. Shaping teaches new behavior by reinforcing successive approximations. 43. c. Imitation focuses on teaching through observing and copying others. 44. b. Chaining involves breaking down a complex behavior into smaller, teachable units. 45. b. Chaining's goal is to teach a sequence of behaviors. 46. b. Extinction decreases behavior. 47. b. Differential reinforcement reinforces only the desired behavior while withholding reinforcement for other behaviors. 48. b. Antecedent intervention alters the environment before a behavior occurs. 49. b. Differential reinforcement gradually reduces the frequency of reinforcement for a behavior. 50. b. Teaching alternative behaviors is a common goal of using non-punishment procedures to decrease behavior. 51. b. The primary purpose of a functional behavior assessment (FBA) is to identify the causes and functions of behavior. 52. c. Descriptive assessment involves directly observing and recording the antecedents and consequences of behavior. 53. b. Functional analysis involves manipulating antecedents and consequences to determine their effects on behavior. 54. c. Interviews and questionnaires are indirect methods of functional assessment. 55. c. Identifying the function of a behavior in an FBA helps to understand why the behavior occurs. 56. a. A token economy is a system where tokens are used as secondary reinforcers. 57. c. Dependent group contingency involves reinforcing an entire group based on the behavior of one or more members. 58. a. A contingency contract outlines rules and consequences for behavior. 59. b. Self-management in ABA involves teaching individuals to regulate their own behavior. 60. c. Self-monitoring is a key component of self-management strategies. https://thegoodleopard.sellfy.store 61. b. The goal of generalization in behavior change is to ensure behavior changes occur across various settings and contexts. 62. d. Programming common stimuli involves training in multiple settings to promote generalization. 63. b. Maintenance ensures behavior changes continue over time. 64. a. Programming common stimuli involves using similar stimuli in training and generalization settings. 65. c. Ensuring behavior changes are maintained over time is a key factor in promoting generalized behavior change. 66. b. A primary ethical responsibility of applied behavior analysts is to prioritize the well-being of clients. 67. d. The right to effective treatment ensures that clients have the right to effective treatment. 68. c. Obtaining informed consent ensures clients are aware of and agree to the proposed interventions. 69. c. Protecting client information from unauthorized access is an example of maintaining confidentiality in ABA. 70. b. A multiple relationship in ethics is when a behavior analyst has multiple professional or even some unprofessional roles with a client. 71. a. Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) involves reinforcing the absence of a behavior for a specific period. 72. a. Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI) decreases the target behavior by reinforcing a behavior that cannot occur simultaneously with the target behavior. reinforcing a behavior that cannot occur simultaneously with the target behavior. 73. c. Progressive ratio schedule This schedule involves gradually increasing the response requirement for reinforcement, effectively raising the effort needed from the subject to obtain the same amount of reinforcement. 74. b. To gradually increase the effort required for reinforcement The goal of using a progressive ratio schedule is to challenge the subject by incrementally increasing the number of responses required for reinforcement, which helps determine the breaking point of behavior maintenance under strained conditions. 75. a. To identify potential reinforcers Conducting a preference assessment helps to identify which items or activities are most likely to motivate the individual, which are crucial for effective reinforcement strategies. 76. b. Paired stimulus assessment This method involves presenting two options simultaneously to determine which one the subject prefers, providing direct comparisons and usually resulting in more accurate preference hierarchies. 77. b. It provides a rank order of preferences Multiple stimulus without replacement (MSWO) allows for the assessment of multiple items by presenting several options at once and removing each selected item, which helps in establishing a clear preference order. 78. b. Variable ratio This type of reinforcement schedule delivers reinforcement after an unpredictable number of https://thegoodleopard.sellfy.store responses, creating a high and consistent level of activity from the subject due to the unpredictability. 79. c. To reinforce behavior after varying amounts of time Variable interval schedules provide reinforcement for the first response after an unpredictable time interval, encouraging steady response rates without the bursts of activity typically seen with fixed schedules. 80. b. To maintain behavior over long periods Interval schedules, especially the variable interval type, are effective in maintaining consistent behaviors over extended periods due to the unpredictable nature of reinforcement timing, which discourages extinction. PART 15: ADVANCED TOPICS 81. b. Reducing problematic behavior by teaching alternative communication skills Functional Communication Training (FCT) is targeted at reducing problematic behaviors by providing individuals with alternative ways to communicate their needs or desires effectively. 82. a. Mand training Mand training involves teaching the individual to request their needs or wants directly, which enhances communication skills and reduces frustration and problematic behaviors. 83. b. Teaching skills in the client's natural environment  Natural Environment Training (NET) focuses on teaching skills within the natural settings where the individual typically interacts, promoting more meaningful learning and better generalization of skills. 84. b. High-probability request sequence This technique uses a series of easy tasks that the individual is likely to comply with, followed by a request that is typically met with resistance, thereby increasing the likelihood of compliance through momentum. 85. a. To increase the frequency of a low-probability behavior The Premack Principle utilizes high-probability behaviors as potential reinforcers for low-probability behaviors, thereby increasing the likelihood that the less frequent behaviors will occur. 86. b. Functional analysis This approach is used to identify the functions of a behavior by observing the conditions under which the behavior occurs and the consequences that maintain it, aiming to develop effective interventions based on these observations. 87. a. To identify patterns of behavior over time Scatter plots are used to visualize the occurrences of behavior across different times or situations, helping to pinpoint when interventions might be most necessary or effective. 88. d. Event recording Event recording is focused on capturing every instance of a behavior, making it an example of continuous measurement as it seeks to document every occurrence within the designated observation period. https://thegoodleopard.sellfy.store 89. b. To count the frequency of behavior Event recording is primarily used to accurately count the number of times a behavior occurs, providing a straightforward measure of behavior frequency. 90. c. Duration recording Duration recording measures how long a behavior lasts, from the moment it starts to when it stops, offering insights into the persistence or intensity of the behavior. PART 16: APPLICATIONS AND INTERVENTIONS 91. a. Teaching skills through structured and repetitive trials Discrete Trial Training (DTT) is designed to teach specific skills through clear, repeated instructional trials that break learning into manageable chunks, which are reinforced systematically. 92. d. Use of clear and concise instructions DTT relies on the use of precise and direct instructions to ensure the learning objectives are understood and met, which is crucial for the effectiveness of the training sessions. 93. b. To teach skills during naturally occurring activities Incidental teaching takes advantage of natural occurrences or interactions to teach skills, making learning more relevant and likely to generalize across different settings. 94. b. Incidental teaching  This method leverages naturally occurring opportunities to teach and reinforce behaviors, blending learning with everyday activities to enhance the relevance and effectiveness of interventions. 95. c. To break down complex behaviors into smaller steps Task analysis is used to decompose complex behaviors into smaller, teachable components, making it easier for the individual to learn and master each step before progressing to more complex tasks. 96. b. Teaching a child to brush their teeth step-by-step This is a practical application of task analysis, where each step of the brushing process is taught and reinforced sequentially, ensuring comprehensive learning of the entire skill. 97. b. To target pivotal areas of a child's development Pivotal Response Training (PRT) focuses on key developmental areas that, when improved, can lead to significant and widespread gains across other areas of functioning and skills. 98. c. Pivotal response training PRT not only aims to teach specific skills but also to increase motivation and responsiveness, which are crucial for promoting the generalization and maintenance of skills beyond the training sessions. 99. b. To outline strategies for addressing challenging behavior A Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP) is developed to provide a clear and structured approach for dealing with challenging behaviors, outlining specific strategies based on the understanding of the behavior's function. 100. c. Clear and specific intervention strategies https://thegoodleopard.sellfy.store A BIP should include detailed and well-defined strategies that are tailored to the individual's needs and the specific behaviors being addressed, ensuring targeted and effective interventions. SCORE: ____\ 100 Plan what to review below! Where do you need to review? PART 1: INTRODUCTION AND BASIC CONCEPTS 1. Definition and Characteristics of Applied Behavior Analysis 2. Basic Concepts and Principles PART 2: SELECTING, DEFINING, AND MEASURING BEHAVIOR 3. Selecting and Defining Target Behaviors 4. Measuring Behavior 5. Improving and Assessing the Quality of Behavioral Measurement PART 3: EVALUATING AND ANALYZING BEHAVIOR CHANGE 6. Constructing and Interpreting Graphic Displays of Behavioral Data 7. Analyzing Behavior Change: Basic Assumptions and Strategies 8. Reversal and Multielement Designs 9. Multiple Baseline and Changing Criterion Designs 10. Planning and Evaluating Applied Behavior Analysis Research PART 4: REINFORCEMENT 11. Positive Reinforcement https://thegoodleopard.sellfy.store 12. Negative Reinforcement 13. Schedules of Reinforcement PART 5: PUNISHMENT 14. Positive Punishment 15. Negative Punishment PART 6: ANTECEDENT VARIABLES 16. Motivating Operations 17. Stimulus Control PART 7: VERBAL BEHAVIOR 18. Verbal Behavior PART 8: DEVELOPING NEW BEHAVIOR 19. Equivalence-based Instruction 20. Engineering Emergent Learning with Nonequivalence Relations 21. Imitation, Modeling, and Observational Learning 22. Shaping 23. Chaining PART 9: DECREASING BEHAVIOR WITH NON-PUNISHMENT PROCEDURES 24. Extinction 25. Differential Reinforcement 26. Antecedent Interventions PART 10: FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT 27. Functional Behavior Assessment  PART 11: SPECIAL APPLICATIONS 28. Token Economy, Group Contingencies, and Contingency Contracting 29. Self-Management PART 12: PROMOTING GENERALIZED BEHAVIOR CHANGE 30. Generalization and Maintenance of Behavior Change PART 13: ETHICS 31. Ethical and Professional Responsibilities of Applied Behavior Analysts https://thegoodleopard.sellfy.store