Ms-1 Fourth Training: Basic Signal Communication, Basic Intelligence, And Basic Survival PDF

By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of MS-1 FOURTH TRAINING DAY BASIC SIGNAL COMMUNICATION, BASIC INTELLIGENCE, AND BASIC SURVIVAL PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA, MAYSAN CAMPU...

By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of MS-1 FOURTH TRAINING DAY BASIC SIGNAL COMMUNICATION, BASIC INTELLIGENCE, AND BASIC SURVIVAL PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA, MAYSAN CAMPUS OCTOBER 29, 2023 By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Signal Communication  a method or means or a combination thereof conveying information of any king of one person or place to another except direct communication. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Means of Communication  a medium by which a message is conveyed from one person to another. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Agency of Communication  a facility which embraces the personnel and equipment to provide signal communication by any particular means or combination thereof. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Tactical Radio Sets  is the principal means of communication in tactical units. It is used for command, fire control, exchange of information and administrative purposes between and within units. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Tactical Radio Sets By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Means of Signal Communication Physical Communication Telecommunication By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Physical Communication A. Messenger is the oldest and relatively most secure means of communication and may be classified into special and scheduled messenger service. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Advantages of Messenger Service  Most secure means of communication.  Transmit item in bulk forms.  Not dependent on electrical means.  No need of sophisticated installation. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Disadvantages of Messenger Service  Slow rate of transmission.  Do not afford person to person contact.  Stop by terrain obstacle/ weather conditions. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of B. Trained Animals It makes use of the ability of some animals to find their way back from relatively extended distances and from strange places. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Trained Animals By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of C. Mail Although this is considered as another means of physical communication, this is not controlled by the communicators. In the AFP, the adjutant general and its equivalent entity in lower echelons are provided with the funds necessary to defray postal expenses. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Telecommunication The word telecommunication is derived from the Greek combining form tele meaning far; far off or broadly operating at a distance. Thus the word telegraph originally meant simply communication from afar and then applied to all methods of communications across distances such as semaphore telegraph of ancient times. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of A. Wire It is used as the principal means of communication in all military units. It includes the use of field wires, cables assemblies, wire laying and recovery equipment, sound powered and battery operated telephones, digital and rotary telephones. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Advantages of Wire Communication  Provides person to person contact.  Capable of break – in operation.  Relatively secure. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Disadvantages of Wire Communication  Requires time and effort to install.  Subject to sabotage and destruction.  Stopped by terrain obstacle. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of B. Radio This means of communication is the most rapid one. It is most frequently used for maintaining command, control, contact and direction in contact. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Advantages of Radios  Faster to install than wire communication.  It is flexible.  It is mobile.  Integrated with wire facilities.  Provides communication over impassable terrain. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Disadvantages of Radios  Subject to equipment breakdown.  Subjected to atmospheric condition.  Subjected to interference.  It is least secure. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of C. Visual Signal It is used to control the action of small units. Over the years, a visual signal has been relegated to the role of an auxiliary means of communication. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Advantages of Visual  Suitable for short pre-arranged message.  Suitable for short distances.  Does not requires sophisticated installation.  Does not use bulky equipment. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Disadvantages of Visual  Vulnerable to interception.  Subject to imitative deception.  Stations depend on the line of sight location. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of D. Sound Signal This means of communications is used primarily to spread alarms. Normally, it is used to warn troops of an impending hostile air, mechanized, or gas attack. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Advantages of Sound  Transmit short pre-arranged messages.  Suitable for short distances.  Stations do not depend on line of sight location. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Disadvantages of Sound  Vulnerable to interception.  It can be limited.  Affected by battle noises. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Fundamentals of Tactical Radio Communication Radio Net – a group of several stations working together in the same frequency. Call Sign – a combination of pronounceable words that identifies the facility or station. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Collective Call Sign – this call sign identifies two or more stations in particular radio net but not all stations in the net. Net Call Sign – this call sign identifies all radio stations operating in a particular radio net. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Call – a method of establishing communications whereby the station calling transmits the identity of the station called as well as his own identity. Pro words – are pronounceable words which have assigned meaning to facilitate transmission by radio communication. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Over - My transmission is ended and I expect a response from you. Roger – I received your last message satisfactorily. Out – My transmission is ended and I expect no response from you. Wilco – I will comply to your instruction. Query – Clarification By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Lima Charlie – I received your message loud and clear. Say again – I did not understand your transmission; request repeat our last transmission. Request Net with – Can I talk with Pfc Tolentino of Pfc Ramos. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Wait one – Request that you wait for a minute, I will call the person you want to talk to. Read Back – Read back the message you have copied. Radio Silence – Cease transmission immediately, however, keep on listening on the same frequency. Break-break – stop your conversation and allow me to this net to transmit for an urgent message. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Phonetic Alphabet To help identify spoken letters, a set of easily understood words has been selected. Those words help to avoid confusion. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Use the phonetic alphabet to:  Transmit isolated letters  Transmit each letter of an abbreviation  Spell out unusual or difficult words By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Phonetic Alphabet By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of NUMERICAL PRONUNCIATION By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Usage of Morse Code By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of BASIC INTELLIGENC E By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Lesson Objectives: Upon completion of this topic the student will: a. Define intelligence and counter-intelligence. b. Enumerate the four (4) phases of intelligence cycle. c. State the factors to be considered during planning phase d. Enumerate the tools of recording e. Differentiate the different criteria in evaluation rating By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of INTRODUCTION Military intelligence plays a very significant role in the conduct of war. However, intelligence is not only concerned with wars. It also plays an important role during times of peace because military planners must have to contend with the preparation of plans and policies for future contingencies based on sound intelligence. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of DEFINITION OF TERMS 1. Intelligence - Knowledge acquired by the collection, evaluation, analysis, integration and interpretation of all available information concerning an enemy, whether actual or potential and on the areas of operation to include whether terrain together with the conclusion drawn there from. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of 2. Counter-Intelligence - All active and passive measures taken to ensure the safeguarding of information, personnel and materials from espionage, sabotage by foreign nations or disaffected groups which constitute a threat to national security. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of 3. Intelligence Cycle - Intelligence work is continuous a process. It is a repetition of what has transpired or become known. There is neither a beginning nor an end. It is a never ending task. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of FOUR PHASES IN THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE 1. Planning or Direction of the Collection Effort 2. Collection of Information 3. Processing or Production of Intelligence 4. Dissemination and Use of the Resulting Intelligence By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of A. PLANNING OR DIRECTION OF THE COLLECTION EFFORT Planning the collection effort is a crucial phase in the production of intelligence for it is here that we determine the intelligence requirements to support the Commander’s mission. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of STEPS TO CONSIDER IN PLANNING  Determining the Intelligence Requirements- Guidelines/Consideration  Enemy Capabilities - These refer to enemy strengths which would affect the accomplishment of the mission. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of  Enemy vulnerabilities - These refer to enemy weaknesses or that which render the enemy to damage, deception and defeat.  Weather and Terrain - Weather information may be required to determine its effect on the enemy and the terrain. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of  Order of Battle - When the enemy situation is vague, and for purposes of long range planning, order of battle factors maybe the basis for intelligence requirements.  Next Major Decision - Future operations are considered. If the intelligence does not plan ahead, the Commander, will find himself ready to continue the work /attack, but the information of intelligence needed. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of  Preventing Surprise of the Command - Required in order to avoid tactical surprise. To do this, he studies the disposition of the enemy, the terrain, information of new enemy weapon, tactics and equipment and the requirements of his tentative plans. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of  Information Needs of Higher or Adjacent Units - Each level of command will normally be assigned collection mission by higher, lower and adjacent headquarters. These intelligence requirements announced by each echelons of command are properly repeated as intelligence requirements of subordinate units only when: By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of 2. Determining the Intelligence Priorities There are two requirement priorities namely: a. Essential Elements of Information (EEIs) - EEIs are the Commander’s highest priority requirements and result from a lack of information or intelligence. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of b. Other Intelligence Requirements (OIRs) Those items of information needed by the Commander but are not his highest priority. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of 1) Collection Worksheet - It is a means, either written or oral, whereby an Intelligence Officer takes the intelligence requirements as announced by the Commander. 2) Collection Agency - it is an individual or unit which systematically exploits the source of information in order to gain the desired information. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Categories of Collection Agencies  Intelligence Specialists - individuals trained in the specialized aspects of intelligence. They are organic to the military organization.  Troops - Soldiers and their Units Examples: Battalion; Division Corps; Field Army  Special Units - Units dealing in the collection of information on particular activities. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of B. COLLECTION OF INFORMATION The systematic extraction of the information from source. Primary Consideration: a. Source of Information - they are the actual origin of the information. Normally they are not under the control of the collection agencies. b. Collection Agencies - this topic has been discussed under planning collection effort. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Source of information are categorized into 3 types:  Persons - civilian enemy personnel, evaders and escapees.  Things - captured documents or materials  Detectable enemy activity - patrol activity, vehicle tacks, troops sighting, radio activity. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of C. PROCESSING OR PRODUCTION OR INFO INTO INTELLIGENCE The part of the cycle whereby information is recorded, evaluated and interpreted, the end result of which becomes intelligence. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Three (3) Related Parts of Processing: A. Recording - It is a mechanical process whereby all collected information recognized in a ready usable form. Recording reduces all available information, thus making subsequent interpretation easier and more accurate. Tools used in By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Recording:  Intelligence Journal  Intelligence Worksheet  Enemy Situation Map By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of B. Evaluation - The examination of information to determine its pertinence or value in the production of intelligence, the reliability of its source or agency and, its credibility or accuracy. Evaluation Rating - When information is disseminated to other headquarters or units, it is often necessary for the intelligence officer to indicate his evaluation of the accuracy of the information to the recipients. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of EVALUATION RATING Reliability of Source and Agency Probable Accuracy A - Completely Reliable 1 - Confirmed B - Usually Reliable 2 - Probably True C - Fairly Reliable 3 - Possibly True D - Not Usually Reliable 4 - Doubtfully Reliable E - Unreliable 5 - Improbable F - Judge 6 - Truth Cannot be Judge By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of C. Interpretation -The process of determining the significance of information with respect to information and intelligence already at hand and the drawing of conclusions as to the probable meaning of the evaluated information. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of The intelligence analyst accomplishes interpretation through the use of its three (3) components: 1. Analysis - Which is the examination of information with selected emphasis in the light of what has been previously known. 2. Integration - Which is the combining of selected data to form a pattern which will have meaning and establish a basis for deduction, or conclusion. 3. Deduction - Which is simply the formation of conclusion concerning the effect of the evaluated information on the current situation. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of The intelligence analyst accomplishes interpretation through the use of its three (3) components: 1. Analysis - Which is the examination of information with selected emphasis in the light of what has been previously known. 2. Integration - Which is the combining of selected data to form a pattern which will have meaning and establish a basis for deduction, or conclusion. 3. Deduction - Which is simply the formation of conclusion concerning the effect of the evaluated information on the current situation. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of D.DISSEMINATION AND USE OF INTELLIGENCE, ITS CRITERIA AND METHODS The process of transmitting information and intelligence to higher, lower, and adjacent units for the possible use. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Criteria or Consideration in Dissemination: a. Timeliness - For dissemination to be timely, information and intelligence: b. Propriety - For information and intelligence to be disseminated properly, they must be: (1) Sent to the correct ultimate users. (2) Presented in a form that lends itself for immediate use (3) Distributed through the most effective means of communications appropriate to both time and securing requirements. (4) Adequate and accurate. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Methods of Dissemination a. By personal contacts, which include staff visits, telephone calls and conferences. b. By messages which include spot report. c. By Intelligence documents, which include intelligence estimates, intelligence summary, periodic intelligence reports, intelligence annex to an operation order, and tactical study of weather and terrain. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of BASIC SURVIVAL By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Lesson objectives: Upon completion of this lesson, the student will be able to: 1. State the acronym of SURVIVAL. 2. Discuss the factors to be considered in selecting a camp site. 3. Explain the methods and factors to be considered in obtaining food. 4. Explain the methods of preparing traps, fire and preserving food. 5. Discuss how to locate the source of water. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of SURVIVAL TECHNIQUES 1. SIZE UP THE SITUATION Size up the situation by considering your own capability as an individual, your surroundings and the totality of the situation you are in, your equipment and available supplies. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of 2.UNDUE HASTE MAKES WASTE Remember that if you will not deliberately plan your moves you are bound to waste a lot of your energies and resources. Keep yourself calm, take stock of the resources available to you and plan how you are going to utilize them to survive. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of 3. REMEMBER WHERE YOU ARE Carefully plan all your movements so that you will not get lost. Always remember where you are in relation to the enemy controlled areas and the location of friendly units and controlled areas. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of 4. VANQUISH FEAR AND PANIC Take control of your fears and do not panic. You can reduce the adverse effects of fear by hoping for the best but expecting and preparing for the worst eventuality. Maintain your optimistic attitude and learn to accept the fact that the situation may further turn to worst. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of 5. IMPROVISE Be resourceful and try to make-do with available materials in the area to improve your living conditions. Improvise a shelter using indigenous materials that are available in the area. Learn to use natural things around you to improve your living condition. Use your imagination. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of 6. VALUE LIVING Never lose hope and remain a true fighter. Preserve your health and conserve your strength. Hunger, cold and fatigue lower the efficiency and stamina of an individual but your refusal to give into problems and obstacles that you face, will give you the mental and physical strength to endure. Never forget your goal to “get out alive”. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of 7. ACT LIKE THE NATIVES Learn the methods and techniques that are used to survive by the indigenous people living in the area. Watch their daily routine and learn how to father, catch and prepare foodstuff that are abundant in the locality. Know when, where, and how they get their food and where they get their water. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of 8. LEARN BASIC SURVIVAL SKILLS Learn from the local residents in the area some basic survival skills on how to catch wild animals for food and how to build adequate shelter from available materials for your protection against the harsh elements. Live by your wits to constantly improve your chances of survival. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of 1. JUNGLE SURVIVAL TECHNIQUES With training and your “will to survive’ you will find you can overcome the obstacles you may face. Such positive attitude bears directly on how well you cope with serious stresses, anxiety, pain, injury, illness, cold, heat, thirst, hunger, fatigue, sleep deprivation, boredom, loneliness and isolation. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Here are some general pointers on how to survive in tropical jungle environment: a) Night normally comes in a jungle environment early and darkness sets very fast. Prepare for bed early while there is still light. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of b)Be ready for sudden drops of temperature especially during wet season. Avoid directly sleeping on the ground due to the insects and the chill c)Protect yourself against insects that abound in the jungle. Tuck in your trousers into your boots and keep your sleeves rolled down and buttoned. These will prevent ticks, leeches, scorpions, centipedes, spiders and other small insects from getting to your skin. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of d) Use your clothing to protect you against scratches, which when left unattended can later cause serious infection. Treat all wounds, no matter how small by washing them promptly with soap and water, applying available medicinal ointment and covering them with clean dressing. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of e) Do not be bothered by the strange and unknown sounds that you may hear in the jungle at night. f) Avoid making camp on depressions and low areas, such as valleys or dry riverbeds. During sudden and prolonged rain, these areas may dangerously be flooded. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of 2. OBTAINING FOOD Food is necessary for survival since the nutrients they provide keep the body organs functions. When in a survival situation, you must know how to look for. Collect and prepare food. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Plant Food There is a wide variety of edible plants, however, you must be knowledgeable in choosing which plants, or which of its parts are edible, so you will not be poisoned.  If possible, find out from the natives which of the plants thriving in the area are edible. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Animal Food Animal food contains the most food value per unit weight. Generally anything that swims, flies, crawls or creeps is a possible source of food. However, you must first catch, kill, butcher and often cook the animal before you can eat it. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Here are some practical pointers on how to obtain animal food:  All four legged animals are normally edible. Cook as soon as possible after killing them.  All eggs and insect larvae are edible.  Most reptiles are edible, but learn to recognize poisonous toads. To be safe, consider that the edible part of a snake is that part left after cutting six inches from the head. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of  All seaweeds, crustaceans and mollusk are also generally edible. However, to be safe, always cook them if possible.  Almost all fish caught in rivers and seas are dibble, you can catch fish by using a net across a small stream or by making fish traps and baskets. Improvise fishhooks and spears and use them for conventional fishing, spearing and digging. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of 3. SETTING TRAPS AND SNARES An unarmed survivor or an evader who would rather not use his rifle in order not to be discovered by the enemy, trapping or snaring wild game is a good way to obtain needed animal food By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Here are some useful tips on how to construct and install traps for small games:  To be effective with your trap or snare, you must be familiar with the species of animal you intend to catch and must be knowledgeable of the techniques in constructing an effective traps and snares. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of  There are no catchall traps you can set for all animals. You can determine what animal species are in a given area by look for animal trails, their tracks, droppings, nesting sites and their feeding and watering areas.  Position your traps and snare where there is a proof that animals pass through. You must determine if it is a “run” or a “trail”. A trail will show signs of use by several species and will be rather distinct. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of 4. MAKING TRAPS AND SNARES A snare is a noose that will slip and strangle or hold any animal caught in it, you can use inner core strands of parachute suspension lines, wire, bark of small hardwood saplings. A trap on the other hand is a contraption that is triggered by an action of prey, wherein a door or gate closes in position to trap in a confirmed space. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Different types of simple snares and traps, which you could use to catch small animals for food:  Treadle Spring Snare - A treadle snare is used to catch small animal or fouled on a trail.  Locking Loop Snare - This locking type snare will tighten as the animal struggles to escape, thus preventing it from getting away. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of  Drag Noose Snare - This type of snare is easy to make and may be effective in catching medium size animals it also allows you to move away from the site where you constructed it.  Deadfall Trap - Trapping small games can also be accomplished through the use of deadfall traps. To construct it, look for a considerably heavy log, slab of rock or anything that would kill a small game if it falls on it. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of 5. PRESERVING ANIMAL FOOD If the situation and time allow, you should preserve the extra meat for later use By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of 6. LOCATING SOURCE OF WATER Water is one of your most urgent needs in a survival situation. You can’t live long without it, especially in hot areas where you lose so much through sweating. Even in cold areas, you need a minimum of 2 quarts of water a day to maintain efficiency. More than three-fourths of your body is composed of fluids. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Ways to obtain an adequate supply of water  Purify Contaminated Water - Purify all water before drinking, either by boiling for at least one minute or by adding 8 drops of 2 – ½% solution of iodine to a quart (canteen full) of water and letting it stand for 10 minutes before drinking.  Collect Rain Water - Rain water collected directly in clean containers or on plants is generally safe to drink without purifying. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of  Locate Sites for Wells - In a desert environment water has a tremendous physiological effect on soldiers. If a unit does not plan properly and cannot be re- supplied, their water supply could run out.  Look for Water-rich Plants - Succulent plants abound in tropical forest. Find out from the natives what these plants are and how to extract water from them. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of  Construct Survival Water Still - For the below ground still you will need a digging tool. You should select a site where you believe the soil will contain moisture (such as a dry stream bed or a spot where rain water has collected), where the soil is easy to dig, and where sunlight hits most of the day. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of 7. BUILDING SHELTERS You need a shelter to protect you from the sun, insects, wind, rain, hot or cold temperatures, and enemy observation. In some environmentally hostile areas, you need for shelter may even be more important than your need for food or even your need for water. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Things to consider in making a shelter: 1)The time and effort are needed to build the shelter. 2)The shelter should adequately protect you from the elements. 3)The tools and materials you need to build it must be available, otherwise you have to improvise them from materials in the area. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of 8. BUILDING FIRE A fire can fulfill several needs. It can keep you warm, it can keep you dry: you can use it to cook food, to purify water, and to signal. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of Things to consider in building a Fire: A. Selection of Site Build Fire - When selecting a site to build a fire, you should consider the following:  The area (terrain and climate) in which you are operating.  The material and tools available.  How much time you have.  Why you need a fire.  The nearness of the enemy. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of B. Preparing Site to Build Fire - To prepare a site for a fire, look for a dry spot that has the following:  That is protected from the wind.  That is suitably placed in relation to your shelter.  That will concentrate the heat in the direction you desire.  Where a supply of wood or other fire burning material is available.  If you are in a wooded or brush-covered area, clear brush away, and scrape the surface soil from the spot you selected. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of C. Ways of Building Fire - There are several efficient methods for quick fire making. These three easy methods are Tepee, Lean-to and Cross-ditch methods. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of  Tepee Method - Arrange tinder and a few sticks of kindling in the shape of a cone. Fire the center. As the cone burns away, the outside logs will fall inward, feeding the heart of the fire. This type of fire burns well even with wet wood. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of  Lean-to Method - Push a green stick into the ground at a 30-degree angle. Point the end of the stick in the direction of the wind. Place some tender (at least a handful) deep inside this lean-to sick. Light the tinder. As the kindling catches fire from the tinder, add more kindling. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of  Cross-ditch Method - Scratch a cross about 1 foot in size in the ground. Dig the cross 3 inches deep. Put a large wad of tinder in the middle of the cross. Build a kindling pyramid above the tinder. The shallow ditch allows air to sweep under the fire to provide a draft. By 2030, we shall be a strong and credible navy that our maritime nation can be proud of THANK YOU!