Basic Digital Photography PDF

BASIC DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY Witnegen Borja Faculty, Department of Development Communication Central Mindanao University  TOPIC OUTLINE 1. Camera Settings and Exposure 2. Composition and framing in Photography M 1/250...

BASIC DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY Witnegen Borja Faculty, Department of Development Communication Central Mindanao University  TOPIC OUTLINE 1. Camera Settings and Exposure 2. Composition and framing in Photography M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600 M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600 WHAT IS PHOTOGRAPHY? The word photography comes from two ancient Greek words: photo, for "light," and graph, for "drawing." Literally, photography is best described as "Drawing with light."  Digital photography involves capturing images using digital sensors and processors rather than traditional film. It offers the advantages of immediate feedback, more storage capacity, and the ability to easily edit, enhance, and share images. M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600 FRONT PARTS REAR PARTS QUICK CONTROL SETTING TOP PARTS SIDE PARTS BOTTOM PARTS M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600 A photographer’s skill comes from understanding both the technical and creative aspects of the camera, from settings to composition. Three Basic Elements in Photography 01 Light 02 Subject 03 Composition M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600 01 Light Light is essential in photography. Without light, you can’t take picture. Light is emotion. The feel of your photograph will be vastly different depending upon the lighting conditions: harsh, gentle, warm, and cool M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600 02 Subject Refers to ‘something’ that unsurprisingly caught your eye. Your subject is the first thing you will tell to someone and/or to the viewer. M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600 03 The arrangement of the elements in your photograph. Composition is how you tell Composition the story. A good composition is one that tells your story effectively, without any destruction or confusion. M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600 CAMERA MODE Auto Mode: This mode lets the camera handle everything (aperture, shutter speed, ISO, white balance, etc.). It’s great for beginners or quick shots when you don’t have time to adjust settings manually. However, it limits creative control. Best for: Casual or beginner photographers, or situations where you need to shoot quickly without adjusting settings. M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600 CAMERA MODE Manual Mode (M): This is the mode where you have full control over all the settings (aperture, shutter speed, ISO, etc.). It’s the most versatile mode and allows for complete creative freedom. While it requires a good understanding of photography, it lets you adjust exposure to suit any lighting condition. Best for: Professional photographers or those looking to achieve precise results in challenging lighting or creative scenarios. M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600 CAMERA MODE Aperture Priority Mode (A/Av): You control the aperture, and the camera adjusts the shutter speed accordingly. This mode is ideal for controlling depth of field (DoF). Best for: Portraits or scenarios where controlling depth of field is important, such as blurring the background while keeping the subject sharp. M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600 CAMERA MODE Shutter Priority Mode (S/Tv): You control the shutter speed, and the camera sets the aperture. This mode is useful when you want to control motion blur, such as freezing action or capturing long exposures. Best for: Sports, action photography, or when you want to create motion blur effects, like photographing moving water. M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600 CAMERA MODE Program Mode (P): The camera sets the aperture and shutter speed, but you can adjust other parameters like ISO and white balance. This offers a balance between control and convenience. Best for: Intermediate photographers who want some control over settings without going fully manual. M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600 The Exposure Triangle At the heart of digital photography is exposure, which determines how light or dark your image appears. The exposure triangle consists of three interrelated components. M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600 Aperture (f-stop) This refers to the size of the lens opening that controls how much light enters the camera. The aperture also impacts depth of field, which is the area in focus. Large Aperture (f/1.8, f/2.8): Allows more light to enter the camera, resulting in a shallow depth of field (background is blurred). This is often used in portrait photography. Small Aperture (f/11, f/16): Allows less light, resulting in a deeper depth of field (everything is in focus), ideal for landscape photography. M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600 Shutter Speed The length of time the camera’s sensor is exposed to light. Shutter speed affects how motion is captured in a photo. Fast Shutter Speed (1/1000s, 1/2000s): Freezes fast-moving objects, such as in sports photography. Slow Shutter Speed (1/30s, 1s, or longer): Blurs moving objects, creating effects like motion blur or light trails.  1/250 M F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO ISO 1600 This controls the camera's sensitivity to light. A higher ISO increases the sensor’s sensitivity to light, but also introduces more noise (graininess). Low ISO (100, 200): Produces clearer images with less noise, perfect for well-lit conditions. High ISO (1600, 3200, or more): Useful in low-light situations, but may introduce noise, reducing image quality. How to Achieve Proper Exposure? If you are photographing a subject on a bright sunny day and the image is overexposed, you can reduce the exposure by: Using a smaller aperture (higher f- number like f/16). Increasing the shutter speed (faster to let in less light). Lowering the ISO setting (e.g., from 800 to 100). M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600 Underexposed images are too dark, meaning the sensor did not receive enough light. Overexposed images are too bright, indicating too much light hit the sensor.  Composition and Framing in Photography Beyond technical settings, effective photography relies heavily on how you compose and frame your shots. Composition guides the viewer’s eye through the image and helps tell a story.  Rule of Thirds The rule of thirds is one of the most fundamental composition techniques. By dividing the frame into a 3x3 grid (two vertical and two horizontal lines), you place key elements of the photo at the intersection points of the grid lines, rather than in the center. This off-center composition often makes images more dynamic and balanced. M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600  Leading Lines Leading lines naturally guide the viewer’s eyes toward the main subject of the photo. These can be roads, rivers, bridges, or even shadows. Leading lines create depth and draw attention to the subject. M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600  Symmetry and Patterns Symmetry can be visually pleasing because it creates balance and harmony in an image. Patterns, on the other hand, can capture the viewer’s attention by introducing repetition. Symmetry adds a sense of balance, while patterns can make the image more visually interesting. M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600  Framing Framing refers to using elements within the scene to create a natural frame around the subject. This can add depth and draw attention directly to the focal point. Framing directs the viewer’s focus and creates a sense of context. M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600  Depth of Field Depth of field (DoF) refers to how much of the scene is in focus. Controlling depth of field allows you to either isolate the subject or show a broader scene with everything in focus. Shallow Depth of Field: Achieved by using a wide aperture (e.g., f/2.8). This technique is common in portraits where the background is intentionally blurred to isolate the subject. M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600  Depth of Field Depth of field (DoF) refers to how much of the scene is in focus. Controlling depth of field allows you to either isolate the subject or show a broader scene with everything in focus. Shallow Depth of Field: Achieved by using a wide aperture (e.g., f/2.8). This technique is common in portraits where the background is intentionally blurred to isolate the subject. M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600  Depth of Field Deep Depth of Field: Achieved by using a small aperture (e.g., f/16). This is useful in landscape photography, where you want everything from the foreground to the background in sharp focus. M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600  Avoiding Clutter A clean background helps keep attention on the main subject. Too much clutter or distracting elements can make the image confusing or less impactful. Simplifying the scene ensures the subject remains the focal point. M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600  Mastering digital photography involves both technical and creative skills. By understanding how camera settings affect exposure and how composition techniques can elevate your images, you can create visually striking and meaningful photographs. Practice is key to refining these skills and developing your unique style. M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600  Introduction Mercury is the closest planet to the Mercury takes a little more than Sun and the smallest one in the 58 days to complete its rotation, entire Solar System. This planet's so try to imagine how long days name has nothing to do with the must be there! Since the liquid metal, since Mercury was temperatures are so extreme, named after the Roman messenger albeit not as extreme as in god. Its temperatures aren't as Venus, Mercury has been terribly hot as that planet's deemed to be non-habitable for humans Examples of Good Photography Practices 01 Portrait Photography Example Settings: Use a large aperture (f/2.8) for shallow depth of field, a fast shutter speed (1/250s), and a low ISO (100) for well-lit conditions. Composition: Apply the rule of thirds by positioning the subject off-center, and use shallow depth of field to blur the background, ensuring the subject stands out. Examples of Good Photography Practices 02 Landscape Photography Example Settings: Small aperture (f/16) for deep depth of field, slower shutter speed (1/60s), and low ISO (100). Composition: Use leading lines (like a road or path) to guide the viewer’s eyes into the scene, and place the horizon on the top third of the image. Examples of Good Photography Practices 03 Sports Photography Example Settings: Fast shutter speed (1/1000s) to freeze action, wide aperture (f/4), and higher ISO (800) for proper exposure in bright outdoor conditions. Composition: Focus on the athlete and use the panning technique (following the subject while shooting) to create dynamic images that capture movement.  Table of contents Theory lesson Features of the topic 01 You can describe the topic of 02 You can describe the topic of the section here the section here 03 Tips 04 Practical exercise You can describe the topic of You can describe the topic of the section here the section here  What is this topic about? Mercury Venus Mars Mercury is the closest Venus has a beautiful Despite being red, Mars planet to the Sun and the name and is the second is actually a cold place. smallest one of them all planet from the Sun It’s full of iron oxide dust M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600 M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600 Features of the topic Mars Neptune Mars is actually a very Neptune is the farthest cold place planet from the Sun Jupiter Saturn Jupiter is the biggest Saturn is a gas giant planet of them all and has several rings  Examples Mercury Venus Mars Mercury is the closest Venus has a beautiful Despite being red, planet to the Sun and name and is the Mars is actually a cold the smallest one of second planet from place. It’s full of iron them all the Sun oxide dust M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600  Recommendations Mars Venus Neptune Mars is actually a very Venus is the second Neptune is the farthest cold place planet from the Sun planet from the Sun Mercury Saturn Jupiter Mercury is the closest Saturn is a gas giant Jupiter is the biggest planet to the Sun and has several rings planet of them all  Brainstorm and idea generation Power 1 Power 2 Power 2 Power 3 Power 3 Power 3 Power 3 M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600  Brainstorm and idea generation Aperture (f-stop): Power 2 Power 2 Power 3 Power 3 Power 3 Power 3 M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600 REC “This is a quote, words full of wisdom that someone important said and can make the reader get inspired.” —Someone Famous M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600 Brainstorming and idea generation (ABC) A I Q B J Jupiter R C Ceres K S Saturn D L T E Eris M Mars U F N Neptune V/W Venus G O X/Y H P Z M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600 A picture always reinforces the concept You can give a brief description of the topic you want to talk about here. For example, if you want to talk about Mercury, you can say that it’s the smallest planet in the entire Solar System M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600  KWL (brainstorming) Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun What I know Mars is actually a very cold place Venus is the second planet from the Sun What I want to know Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all Saturn is composed of hydrogen and helium What I learned Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600 REC 4,498,300,000 Big numbers catch your audience’s attention M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600  Main topic and details Topic Mercury Mars Venus Mercury is the closest Despite being red, Mars Venus has a beautiful planet to the Sun and the is actually a cold place. name and extremely smallest one of them all It’s full of iron oxide dust high temperatures M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600  9h 55m 23s Jupiter’s rotation period + 333,000 The Sun’s mass compared to Earth’s 386,000 km Distance between Earth and the Moon M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600  Enrollment days this month M T W T F S S 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Venus 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Venus has very 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 high temperatures 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600 REC Awesome words M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600  Sequence First Next Next Mercury is the closest Venus is the second Despite being red, Mars planet to the Sun planet from the Sun is actually a cold place Next Next Last Jupiter is the biggest Saturn is composed of Neptune is the farthest planet of them all hydrogen and helium planet from the Sun M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600 REC + A picture is worth a thousand words  Classification Mars Venus Mercury Jupiter Small Small Small Large Red Hot Hot Cold Cold Dry Rocky Gassy Rocky Volcanic Cratered Striped Mars is actually a Venus has high Mercury is the Jupiter is the very cold place temperatures smallest planet biggest planet M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600  Cause and effect Environment People Measurement Mercury is the Despite being Saturn is a closest planet red, Mars is a gas giant and to the Sun cold planet has rings Problem or goal Venus is the The Earth is Neptune is second planet the planet very far from from the Sun where we live the Sun Materials Methods Machines M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600  Question and answer Question Is Mercury the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the Solar System? Note that it’s a bit larger than the Moon Answer Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun. It’s hot and has a poisonous atmosphere  Timeline Venus is the second Despite being red, Mars planet from the Sun is a very cold place Venus Mars Mercury Jupiter Mercury is the closest Jupiter is the biggest planet to the Sun planet of them all M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600  Parts and whole The whole object Parts of the object What happens if the parts are missing? Mercury is the Mercury Venus has a beautiful name and is the closest planet to second planet from the Sun. It’s hot the Sun and the and has a poisonous atmosphere Mars smallest one in the entire Solar System Saturn What’s the function of the parts? Venus Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings. It’s composed mostly of hydrogen and helium Jupiter M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600  Gráfico You can use this graph Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here Mercury Venus Jupiter Saturn Mercury is the Venus has very Jupiter is the Saturn is a gas smallest planet high temperatures biggest planet giant with rings  Practical exercise Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the Solar System— it’s only a bit larger than the Moon. The planet’s name has nothing to do with the liquid metal + + M 1/250 F2.8 -3..2..1..0..1..2..+3 ISO 1600 This is a map Venus Mercury Mars Venus is the second Mercury is the closest Despite being red, Mars planet from the Sun planet to the Sun is a very cold place Mockups You can replace the images on the screen with your own work. Just right-click on it and select “Replace images”  Thanks! Do you have any questions? 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