Basic Geometric Formulas and Properties PDF

BASIC GEOMETRIC FORMULAS AND PROPERTIES This handout is intended as a review of basic geometric formulas and properties. For further or more advanced geometric formulas and properties, consult with a SLAC counselor. s Square: Perimeter: P = 4s or 2s + 2s Area: A = s2 s Rectangle: Perimeter: P = 2...

BASIC GEOMETRIC FORMULAS AND PROPERTIES This handout is intended as a review of basic geometric formulas and properties. For further or more advanced geometric formulas and properties, consult with a SLAC counselor. s Square: Perimeter: P = 4s or 2s + 2s Area: A = s2 s Rectangle: Perimeter: P = 2w + 2l Area: A = l × w Triangles: Perimeter: P = a + b + c Area: A = (1/2) × b × h l w a c h Types of Triangles: b Isosceles (two equal sides) Equilateral (all sides equal) Right (one 90o or right angle) A Pythagorean Theorem (for right triangles only): c a2 + b 2 = c2 Sum of the Angles (all triangles): b B C a A + B + C = 180o Circle: r Diameter: d = 2r Circumference: C = 2 π r = π d Area: A = π r2 Rectangular Solid: Volume: V = l × w × h Surface Area: S = (2 × h × w) + (2 × l × h ) + (2 × l × w) Right Circular Cylinder: Volume: V = π r2 h Surface Area: S = 2 π r h + 2 π r2 l w h r h Complementary Angles: Two angles are complementary if the sum of their measures is 90o. Angles A and B are complementary angles. Angles A and C are complementary angles. C A D B Supplementary Angles: Two angles are supplementary if the sum of their measures is 180o. Angles 1 and 2 are supplementary angles. Angles 2 and 4 are supplementary angles. m3 Opposite/Vertical Angles: The intersection of two lines, m1 and m3, form four angles. Opposite (vertical) angles are congruent (have equal measures). Angles 1 and 4 are congruent. Angles 2 and 3 are congruent. 2 m1 4 m2 6 8 7 1 3 5 Alternate Interior and Exterior Angles: Lines m1 and m2 are parallel. Angles 4 and 5 are called alternate interior angles. Alternate interior angles are congruent. Angles 3 and 6 are also alternate interior angles. Angles 2 and 7 are called alternate exterior angles. Alternate exterior angles are congruent. Angles 1 and 8 are also alternative exterior angles. Note: Angles 1 and 4 are congruent. (opposite/vertical angles) Angles 4 and 5 are congruent. Angles 5 and 8 are congruent. Angles 1 and 8 are congruent. Angles 2 and 6 are congruent. Angles 3 and 7 are congruent. etc. (alternate interior angles) (opposite/vertical angles) (alternate exterior angles) (corresponding angles) (corresponding angles) Straight Lines: Straight lines have degrees measuring 180o. If D to B is a straight line, then angle DCB is 180o. D C B 2 BASIC PROBLEMS OF GEOMETRY 1. Two sides of a triangle are 7 and 13 centimeters. The perimeter is 27 centimeters. Find the third side. 2. Find the area of the triangle: 4 8 3. If a square has an area of 49 ft2, what is the length of one of its sides? The perimeter? 4. If a rectangle has a width of 4, how long must its length be so that the area is 36? 5. If one angle of a right triangle is 70o, what are the other 2 angles? 6. Find b: 5 4 b 7. What is the diameter of a circle with an area of 16 π ? 8. What is the circumference of the circle in problem 7? (allow 9. If a box has a height of 4 in., a length of 12 in., and a volume 240 in.3, what is the box's width? π = 3.14) 10. Find the volume: (allow π = 3.14) 2 7 11. Lines m1 and m2 are parallel, what is the measure of angle 1? 12. What is the measure of angle 5? 13. What is the measure of angle 4? o m1 120 4 6 m2 8 m3 1 3 5 7 3 SOLUTIONS/ANSWERS 1. P = a + b + c 27 = 7 + 13 + c 7=c (c = 7 centimeters) 2. A = (1/2) × b × h A = (1/2) × 8 × 4 A = 16 (A = 16)units2 3. A = s2 A = 49 A = 72 s =7 (s = 7 ft.) P = 4(7) P = 28 (P = 28 ft.) 4. A = l × w 36 = l × 4 9=l (l = 9 units) 5. Right triangle has one 90o angle Problem tells us another angle is 70o Sum of Angles: A + B + C = 180o 90o + 70o + C = 180o C = 20o (C = 20o) 6. Right Triangles a2 + b2 = c2 42 + b2 = 52 16 + b2 = 25 b2 = 9 b=3 (b = 3 units) πr 2 16 π = π r 2 7. A = 16 π = πr 2 π 16 = r2 r=4 d = 2r = 2(4) = 8 (d = 8 units) 8. C = 2 π 4 C = 2 π (4) ( π =3.14) C = 8π C = 8(3.14) C = 25.13 (C = 25.13 units) 9. V = l × w × h 240 = 12 × w × 4 5=w (w = 5 in.) 10. V = π × r2 × h V = π × 22 × 7 V = π × 4× 7 V = 28(3.14) ( π = 3.14) V = 87.92 (V = 87.92 unit3) 4 11. Straight lines have a degree measure of 180o 180o - 120o = 60o (Angle 1 = 60o ) 12. Angle 1 = 60o (above) Angle 8 = 60o (alternate exterior of angle 1) Angle 5 = 60o (opposite/vertical of angle 8) (Angle 5 = 60o ) 13. Angle 4 = 60o (opposite interior of angle 5 above) OR (straight lines [the diagonal of m2 ] have a degree measure of 180o ) OR (opposite vertical with angle 1) (Angle 4 = 60o ) Prepared by: Jefferson Humphries, 1989. Revised by: Ziad Diab, 1994 Revised: Summer 2005 STUDENT LEARNING ASSISTANCE CENTER (SLAC) Texas State University-San Marcos 5