B3. 3107. CEIS. M1. INCENDIOS INDUSTRIALES PDF

Summary

The document appears to be a technical report or study on industrial fires (incendios industriales) focusing on prevention and response measures. It includes details on factors, such as loss prevention, risk assessment, and accident prevention.

Full Transcript

$;/52'Q.4/"K(F#H' !"#$"%&'(&)#*(#')+,...

$;/52'Q.4/"K(F#H' !"#$"%&'(&)#*(#')+, FK(+H!$F&)"H >114382.314705.% 7% C05/.% 65% 49?59647 FDGD FRQ¿JXUDFLyQ 0)+$1&"' FRQVWLWXLUiXQDRYDULDV]RQDVGHOHVWDEOHFLPLHQWR T' 7LSRV$ % \ & VH FRQVLGHUD VHFWRU GH LQFHQGLR ?%6'-+8%6'()')6-0:$),+5+)/-%6'+/(76-"+0$)6'=7)'()60""%$$0/' HOHVSDFLRGHOHGL¿FLRFHUUDGRSRUHOHPHQWRVUHH 67' 0,-+2+(0(' )/' )680,+%6' 0:+)"-%6' =7)' /%' ,%/6-+-73)/' 7/' VLVWHQWHVDOIXHJR GXUDQWHHOWLHPSRTXHVHHVWDH HGL¿FLRVRQORVVLJXLHQWHV EOH]FDHQFDGDFDVR  J% I4E7%)_%)$')6-0:$),+5+)/-%'+/(76-"+0$'%,780'7/')6H T' 3DUDORVWLSRV'\(VHFRQVLGHUDTXHODVXSHU¿FLH 80,+%'0:+)"-%'=7)'87)()')6-0"'-%-0$5)/-)',7:+)"-%' =7)'%,780/',%/6-+-73)'7/'D")0'()'+/,)/(+%'0:+)"H 8)"%' 0$&7/0' ()' 676' 90,>0(06' ,0"),)' -%-0$5)/-)' WDGH¿QLGDVRODPHQWHSRUVXSHUtPHWUR ()',)""05+)/-%'$0-)"0$E @)'67)$)'(),+"'=7)B')/'97/,+#/'()'$%6'76%6B'$0',0"&0'()'97)H JRVHSXHGHFDWHJRUL]DUHQWUHVQLYHOHVGHULHVJR T' 1LYHO DOWR ODV LQGXVWULDV TXtPLFDV WDOOHUHV \ IiEULFDV ()'8+/-7"0B':0"/+,)6'3'9D:"+,06'8+"%-C,/+,06E T' 0HGLR\EDMRHOUHVWR @+/' )5:0"&%B' 80"0' ()-)"5+/0"' ()-0$$0(05)/-)' )$' /+2)$' ()' "+)6&%'+/-"I/6),%'()'7/'HGL¿FLRRXQFRQMXQWRGHVHFWRT 05.%7%C05/.%65%49?59647'()'7/')6-0:$),+5+)/-%'+/(76-"+0$B' VHHPSOHDODVLJXLHQWHH[SUHVLyQTXHGHWHUPLQDODGHQVLH (0(' ()' ,0"&0' ()' 97)&%' 8%/()"0(0' 3' ,%"")&+(0B' q)B' ()' 7/' *M/N59%`L%L+8%'* HGL¿FLRLQGXVWULDO !"#$%&'(")*+,")-.#&'#.+)/0&+(.1&)/"%%"'2)//)3456/578)9:;)&-+*"0+0$=")?0+@2+)A)/BC7)>$+5??4K9_% )/' 97/,+#/' ()' $06' 50-)"+06' ,%/-)/+(06' )/' )$' $%,0$B'$0'()-),,+#/'6)'")0$+;0'5)(+0/-)'()-),-%")6'07-%5DH WLFRV KXPROODPDRFDORU RPDQXDOHV WLPEUHVTXHFXDOH GRQGH TXLHUDSXHGHSXOVDUVLYHXQFRQDWRGHLQFHQGLR  q)'\'()/6+(0('()',0"&0'()'97)&%B'8%/()"0(0'3',%"")&+(0B' !;50>/%U%.5A/;41/?4K9_%-+5:")6'3'5)&09%H GHOHGL¿FLRLQGXVWULDOHQ0-PVR0FDOPVE /I0'=7)'(0/'02+6%'()'+/,)/(+%E'?%6'$)-")H "%6'()',%$%"'2)"()'+/(+,0/'$06'2I06'()')20H q6+'\'()/6+(0('()',0"&0'()'97)&%B'8%/()"0(0'3',%"")&+(0B' FXDFLyQ/RVOHWUHURVGHFRORUURMRLQGLFDQ GHFDGDVHFWRURiUHDGHLQFHQGLR L TXHFRPSRQHQHOHGLH $06' 60$+(06' =7)' /%' 6%/' 0(),70(06' )/' $0' ¿FLRLQGXVWULDOHQ0-PVR0FDOPVE )20,70,+#/E'K()5D6B'():)'>0:)"'7/'6+6H K+ VXSHU¿FLHFRQVWUXLGDGHFDGDVHFWRURiUHDGHLQFHQGLR -)50' ()' +$75+/0,+#/' 5I/+5%B' 0$+5)/-0(%' *M/N59%^L% K$0"50'+/,)/(+%6 L TXHFRPSRQHQHOHGL¿FLRLQGXVWULDOHQPVE 8%"' :0-)"I06B' =7)' 8)"5+-0' $$)&0"' >06-0' $0' 60$+(0')/',06%'()'90$$%'()$'6+6-)50'()'+$75+/0,+#/'/%"50$' !0"0'()-)"5+/0"')$'/+2)$'()'"+)6&%'+/-"I/6),%'()',0(0'6),-%"' GHOHGL¿FLR RiUHDGHLQFHQGLRVHHPSOHDODVLJXLHQWHH[SUHVLyQTXH ()-)"5+/0'$0'()/6+(0('()',0"&0'()'97)&%B'8%/()"0(0'3',%H ?%6'6+6-)506'07-%5D-+,%6'()'0$)"-0'02+60/'8%"'5)(+%6')$),H "")&+(0B'()'(+,>%'6),-%"'%'D")0'()'+/,)/(+%E -"#/+,%6'0$'@)"2+,+%'()':%5:)"%6E'4$'02+6%'-)$)9#/+,%'>0'()' 6)"'8)"6%/0$E Da>49?4K9_% PHGLDQWH DJHQWHV H[WLQWRUHV DJXD SROYR HVSXPD QLHYH FDUEyQLFD  GRQGH ,%/-)/+(%6' )/' :%-)$$06' %' ,%/(7,+(%6' 8%"' q6'\'()/6+(0('()',0"&0'()'97)&%B'8%/()"0(0'3',%"")&+(0B' WXEHUtDV KDVWD XQRV GLVSRVLWLYRV ERFDV GH GHOVHFWRURiUHDGHLQFHQGLRHQ0-PVR0FDOPVE +/,)/(+%B'>+("0/-)6B'VSOLQNHUVHWF TXHIXQH ,+%/0/'()'9%"50'07-%5D-+,0'%'50/70$E'?%6'.+ PDVDHQNJGHFDGDXQRGHORVFRPEXVWLEOHV L TXH (+68%6+-+2%6' 07-%5D-+,%6' 87)()/' 0,-+20"6)' H[LVWHQHQHOVHFWRURiUHDGHLQFHQGLR LQFOXLGRVORVPDWHH 0' 7/0' -)58)"0-7"0' ,%/,")-0' %' 8%"' ,05:+%' *M/N59%OZL'' ULDOHVFRQVWUXFWLYRVFRPEXVWLEOHV  :"76,%'()'$0'5+650 ([WLQWRU =+ SRGHUFDORUt¿FRHQ0-NJR0FDONJGHFDGDFRPEXVH "05.3041/?4K9%65%?/g/.%65%5.?/;50/._%>0:+-70$5)/-)')/'7/' WLEOH L TXHH[LVWHHQHOVHFWRUGHLQFHQGLR HGL¿FLRGHPHGLDRJUDQDOWXUDVHXWLOL]DHVWHPpWRGRSDUD 1+ FRH¿FLHQWHDGLPHQVLRQDOTXHSRQGHUDHOJUDGRGHSHH PDQWHQHU XQD SUHVLyQ HVWiWLFD PX\ VXSHULRU D OD H[LVWHQWH OLJURVLGDG SRUODFRPEXVWLELOLGDG GHFDGDFRPEXVWLEOH L  )/'$%6'806+$$%6'()'$%6'8+6%6E'1%/')$$%'6)'$%&"0'=7)'$%6'>75%6' TXHH[LVWHHQHOVHFWRUGHLQFHQGLR 0'0$-0'-)58)"0-7"0'/%'6)'()68$0,)/'>0,+0')$'+/-)"+%"'()'$06' )6,0$)"06B'=7)'6)')58$)0'80"0'$0')20,70,+#/'"D8+(0'()'$%6' P0  FRH¿FLHQWH DGLPHQVLRQDO TXH FRUULJH HO JUDGR GH RFXSDQWHVGHOHGL¿FLR$GHPiVHYLWDXQSRVLEOHHIHFWRGHWRH SHOLJURVLGDG SRU OD DFWLYDFLyQ  LQKHUHQWH D OD DFWLYLGDG EHUDSURYRFDGRSRUODPHQRUGHQVLGDGSURSLDGHORVKXPRV LQGXVWULDO GHVDUUROODGD HQ HO VHFWRU R iUHD GH LQFHQGLR (+,>%')9),-%'>0"I0'=7)')$'+/,)/(+%'6)' SURGXFFLyQ PRQWDMH WUDQVIRUPDFLyQ UHSDUDFLyQ DOPDFHH 8"%80&0"0' 5D6' "D8+(05)/-)' 3' 6)"I0' /05+)/-%B')-,E'@+)58")'=7)'6)'()60""%$$)/'20"+06'0,-+2+(0H 5D6'(+9I,+$',%/-"%$0"$%E ()6B' $0' 0,-+2+(0(' ()' 503%"' "+)6&%' ()' 0,-+20,+#/' +/>)")/-)' GHWHUPLQDUiHOIDFWRUGHULHVJRGHDFWLYDFLyQ 50 GHOVHFWRU !0"0' ")0$+;0"' )6-)' 5C-%(%' ()' 8")H RiUHDGHLQFHQGLRFXDQGRpVWDRFXSHDOPHQRVHOGH 67"+;0,+#/' 6)' )58$)0/' 2)/-+$0(%")6' ODVXSHU¿FLHGHOVHFWRURiUHDGHLQFHQGLR LQGXVWULDOHV GH WLSR D[LDO GH JUDQ ,07(0$B'=7)'&)/)"0/'7/0',+",7$0,+#/' $ VXSHU¿FLHFRQVWUXLGDGHOVHFWRUGHLQFHQGLRRVXSHU¿FLH GHVGH OD SDUWH LQIHULRU GH OD HGL¿FDH %,780(0'()$'D")0'()'+/,)/(+%B')/'5VE ,+#/' >06-0' 7/' ")68+"0()"%' 678)"+%"E' *M/N59%OOL'' !0"0' =7)' )6-)' 5C-%(%' 97/,+%/)' $06' %"# #+9$/$'.$ %1"&$!!+-# 87)"-06',%"-097)&%'():)/'50/-)/)"H `)/-+$0(%" 6)',)""0(06E'?06'87)"-06'5D6'08"%8+0(06')/')6-)',06%'6%/' 46'8%"')6-%'=7)B')/'97/,+#/'()$'"+)6&%'+/-"I/6),%'=7)'")8")H $06'87)"-06'8+2%-0/-)6E 6)/-)/B' 6)' )6-0:$),)/' (+6-+/-%6'.4.>5M/.% 65% E07>5??4K9B' -0/-%'0,-+20',%5%'806+20B'=7)'8)"5+-)/'()-),-0"B',%/-)/)"' !%"'67'80"-)B'6)',%/%,)',%5%'.4.>5M/.%E/.4B7.'0'0=7)H \ H[WLQJXLU XQ SRVLEOH LQFHQGLR HQ OD $$%6'=7)'6)')/,7)/-"0/'+/-)&"0(%6')/')$'8"%3),-%'%'$0',%/6H +/(76-"+0' )/' ,7)6-+#/E' *+,>%6' 6+6-)H WUXFFLyQGHOHGL¿FLR\VHFHQWUDQSULQFLSDOPHQWHHQIDFLOLWDU 506'()'8"%-),,+#/'6)')/&$%:0/')/'$%6' $0')20,70,+#/'()'$%6'%,780/-)6'5+)/-"06')$'+/,)/(+%'=7)(0' VLJXLHQWHV FRQ¿QDGR\UHVWULQJLGRDOPtQLPRDVtH[LVWHQQRUPDWLYDV TXHGHWHUPLQDQHQWUHRWURV @)',%/%,)',%5%'.4.>5M/.%/?>4B7.%0' $06 +/6-0$0,+%/)6'()'()-),,+#/B'0$0"50' T' 4$' 0/,>%' 5I/+5%' ()' $%6' 806+$$%6B' $06' )6,0$)"06' 3' $06' \H[WLQFLyQGHLQFHQGLRV TXHVLJXHQ 87)"-06'()')20,70,+#/E' *M/N59%WL%*)-),-%"' ()'>75%6 !"#$%&'(")*+,")-.#&'#.+)/0&+(.1&)/"%%"'2)//)3456/578)9:;)&-+*"0+0$=")?0+@2+)A)/BC7)>$+%' ")6+6-)/-)6' 0' $0' 0,,+#/' ()$' 97)&%B' 6+/%' =7)' )6-D/' (),%"0(%6',%/'50-)"+0$)6'+/,%5:76-+:$)6E T' 0tQLPRQ~PHURGHHVFDORQHV SDUDHYLWDUFDtGDV  T' /RVVHFWRUHVGHLQFHQGLRHQWHQGLHQGRTXHHOHGL¿FLR ,%58$)-%'6)',%/6+()"0'-05:+C/',%5%'7/'6),-%"'()'+/H ,)/(+%'80"0')2+-0"'=7)')$'97)&%'6)'8"%80&7)'0'$%6')(+H ¿FLRVFROLQGDQWHV\DGHPiVVHHVWDEOHFHQGHQWURGH C$' (+2)"606' 6),-%"+;0,+%/)6' _()-)"5+/0(%6' -050/S;/%OE 3'-0:$%/)6'()')68)6%"'678)"+%"'0'(+);'5+$I5)-"%6B'50()"0' @+')$')6-0:$),+5+)/-%'+/(76-"+0$')6-72+)"0'7:+,0(%')/'7/')(+H 0&$%5)"0(0')/')68)6%")6'678)"+%")6'0',0-%",)'5+$I5)-"%6B' ¿FLRFRQRWURVXVRVDSOLFDUiHOYDORUH[LJLGRDOFRQMXQWRGHO SROLDPLGDVUHVLQDVHSR[LUHIRU]DGDVFRQEDVHLQFRPEXVWLH HGL¿FLR±HQDSOLFDFLyQGHODQRUPDWLYDTXHFRUUHVSRQGD± EOHV SROLFORUXUR GH YLQLOR HVWUDWL¿FDGRV  FRSROLPHUR DEV HQFDVRGHVHUPD\RUTXHORVDTXtH[SXHVWRV PRTXHWDVGHSROLDPLGD DOJXQDVSXHGHQVHU0  /D 1RUPD 81(  FODVL¿FD HO FRPSRUWDPLHQWR GH `L%  )iFLOPHQWH LQÀDPDEOH% \eRX_% 50()"0' 0&$%5)"0(0' ()' ORVPDWHULDOHV SRUORVTXHHVWpQFRQVWUXLGRVRUHFXELHUWRV  )68)6%")6' +/9)"+%")6' 0' ,0-%",)' 5+$I5)-"%6B' 8%$+5)-0,"+$0-%' DQWHHOIXHJRHQFLQFRJUXSRVLQFRPEXVWLEOHVQRLQÀDPDH GH PHWLOR PRTXHWDV DFUtOLFDV WHMLGRV GH UHYHVWLPLHQWR \ EOH GLItFLOPHQWH LQÀDPDEOH PRGHUDGDPHQWH LQÀDPDEOH \ FRUWLQDMHFRQVWLWXLGRVHQXQGHDFUtOLFRHVSXPDGH IiFLOPHQWHLQÀDPDEOH$VtWHQHPRVODVLJXLHQWHUHIHUHQFLD SROLXUHWDQRSROLHVWLUHQRH[SDQGLGR I/S;/%OL 46-0:+$+(0('0$'97)&%'()')$)5)/-%6'8%"-0/-)6')/'97/,+#/'()'67'/+2)$'()'"+)6&%'+/-"I/6),% Ai`4?'*4' Li!['K Li!['R Li!['1 Pi4@.[' !$0/-0'6%:")' !$0/-0'6%:")' !$0/-0'6%:")' !$0/-0'6#-0/% !$0/-0'6#-0/% !$0/-0'6#-0/% iALPlA@41[ "060/-) "060/-) "060/-) P'XVY P'gY P'gY P'dY P'dY P'MY RKQ[ RKQ[ ()± ()± ()± ()± ()± P'XVY P'XVY P'gY P'gY P'dY O4*i[ i[ A['K*OiLi*[ K?L[ () ()± ()± ()± P'XfY P'XVY P'XVY P'gY K?L[ A['K*OiLi*[ A['K*OiLi*[ () () () ()± !"#$%&'(")*+,")-.#&'#.+)/0&+(.1&)/"%%"'2)//)3456/578)9:;)&-+*"0+0$=")?0+@2+)A)/BC7)>$+4S4;46/6 QR DUGH \ QR DSRUWD PD\RU FDUJD )$)5)/-%6E' ?%' =7)' -"0)"D' ,%/6+&%' )697)";%6' )/' -%(0' -C"5+,0'0$'+/,)/(+%E $0')6-"7,-7"0 J% &RH¿FLHQWHGHGLODWDFLyQHVXQPDWHULDOSpWUHRGLH J% '7963?>4B46/6%>-0M4?/VHWUDWDGHXQJUDQFRQGXFWRU $0-0'573'8%,%E'*0(%'=7)')$',0$%"'()$'+/,)/(+%'/%'07H GHOFDORUSRUORTXHVLHVWiH[SXHVWRDOLQFHQGLRVXH 5)/-0"D'$0'$%/&+-7('()')6-%6')$)5)/-%6B'/%'6)'8"%(7,+H 9"+"D'7/'+/,")5)/-%'()'$0'-)58)"0-7"0')/'67'-%-0$+(0(B' UiQHVIXHU]RVHQOXJDUHVDMHQRVDOIRFRGHFDORU QRVyORHQODSDUWHH[SXHVWD/RTXHSXHGHSURSDJDU J% '7963?>4B46/6% >-0M4?/ FRQGXFH PX\ PDO HO FDORU HOLQFHQGLRDOXJDUHVDOHMDGRVGHOIRFRLQLFLDOVLHPSUH 3RUHVWHPRWLYRXQHOHPHQWRGHKRUPLJyQH[SXHVWRDO TXHH[LVWDQPDWHULDOHVLQÀDPDEOHVHQFRQWDFWRFRQDOH +/,)/(+%'679"+"D'7/'+/,")5)/-%'()'$0'-)58)"0-7"0'6#$%' &7/0'80"-)'5)-D$+,0'()'$0')6-"7,-7"0E )/'$0'80"-)'09),-0(0E J% e/./ORVHOHPHQWRVGHDFHURVRQEDVWDQWHOLJHURVHQ J% e/./VRQSHVDGRVSRUORTXHUHTXLHUHQJUDQFDQWLGDG ,%580"0,+#/' ,%/' %-"%6' )$)5)/-%6' ,%5%' )$' >%"5+&#/' ()',0$%"'80"0'075)/-0"'67'-)58)"0-7"0E 0"50(%B' =7)' )6' 7/06' (+);' 2),)6' 5D6' 8)60(%' 80"0' 7/06'")6+6-)/,+06'6+5+$0")6E J% 6XSHU¿FLH H[SXHVWD OD FDQWLGDG GH VXSHU¿FLH H[H 87)6-0')6'")$0-+205)/-)'8)=7)%"5+&#/' 0"50(%' )6' 7/' 50-)"+0$' ,%587)6-%' KRUPLJyQ \ DFHUR  VH GHEH WHQHU HQ FXHQWD HVWH KHFKR 0$' 0/0$+;0"' 67' ,%58%"-05+)/-%' 0/-)' )$' 97)&%E' 4$' >%"5+H JyQDFW~DFRPRXQDLVODQWHH[WHULRUTXHSURWHJHODIHUUDOOD '3'")-"060'$0'$$)&0(0'()',0$%"'0'$0'5+650E'170/(%'8%"')9),-%' GHOLQFHQGLRHVWHUHFXEULPLHQWRVHUHVTXHEUDMDSRUHOFDORU H$0'8C"(+(0'()'")6+6-)/,+0'6)'0,%580%"5+&#/HB'$06'0"50(7"06'()'0,)"%'=7)H (0/'6+/'()9)/60'3'()"+20/')/'7/0'6)"+)'()')9),-%6'=7)'$+5+-0/' ODFDSDFLGDGSRUWDQWHGHOFRQMXQWR\IDFLOLDQHOFRODSVR *M/N59%O`L'O0()"0 %%% %%%% 4$'>%"5+&#/'0"50(%'6)'8"%-)&)'()$'97)&%'5)(+0/-)' ?0' 8"%-),,+#/' ,%/-"0' )$' 97)&%' ()' $%6' )$)5)/-%6' ()' )$'b9%""0(%c',%/')$)5)/-%6'=7)'$%'0I6$)/'()$'9%,%'()' 50()"0'6)'")0$+;0'5)(+0/-)'"),7:"+5+)/-%6')/'9%"50' FDORUWUDVGRVDGRVGH\HVRRHVFD\RODFDMHDGRVGH ()' :0"/+,)6' +/-75)6,)/-)6B' =7)' ")0$5)/-)' 0,-G0/' $0("+$$%B'5%"-)"%6'0+6$0/-)6'8"%3),-0(%6B')-,EB'07/=7)' ,%5%'")-0"(0(%")6E ORPiVH¿FD]HVWHQHUHQFXHQWDHVWDQHFHVLGDGGXH "0/-)'$0',%/6-"7,,+#/'3'075)/-0"')$')68)6%"'()$'"),7H :"+5+)/-%'()'>%"5+&#/E &"# !010!&$17'&+!0'.$ /"' +#!$#.+"' +#.3'&1+0/$' %"&"# $'&13!&310'.$ ,0.$10(@,NA( /RVLQFHQGLRVLQGXVWULDOHVVXHOHQFODVL¿FDUVHHQIXQFLyQGHO J% '7MS3.>4S4;46/6_' )6' 7/' 50-)"+0$' ,%5:76-+:$)' =7)' )6-0(%'()'0&")&0,+#/'3'/0-7"0$);0'()$')$)5)/-%'%'50-)"+0$' 0"()'3'08%"-0'503%"',0"&0'-C"5+,0'0$'+/,)/(+%E LPSOLFDGRHQHOLQFHQGLR$VtH[LVWHQLQFHQGLRVGHPDTXLH J% &RH¿FLHQWHGHGLODWDFLyQGLODWDPX\SRFRSRUHVWH /0"+0'+/(76-"+0$')'+/,)/(+%6'()'50-)"+0$)6')/')6-0(%'6#$+(%B' PRWLYRQRVHSURGXFLUiQHVIXHU]RVHQOXJDUHVDOHMDGRV $I=7+(%B'&06)%6%'%'87$2)"7$)/-%E ()$'9%,%'()',0$%"E &"!"# +#!$#.+"'.$ ,063+#01+0H($/2!&1+!"' 4 J% '7963?>4B46/6% >-0M4?/ FRQGXFH PX\ PDO HO FDORU 0!$+&$' SRUORTXHXQHOHPHQWRGHPDGHUDH[SXHVWRDOLQFHQH (+%'679"+"D'7/'+/,")5)/-%'()'$0'-)58)"0-7"0'6#$%')/'$0' ?%6'+/,)/(+%6'()'50=7+/0"+0'+/(76-"+0$'8"+/,+80$5)/-)'()"+H 80"-)'09),-0(0E 20/')/'"+)6&%6'()'-+8%')$C,-"+,%'3'()'5)",0/,I06'8)$+&"%606B' J% e/./ VRQ HOHPHQWRV UHODWLYDPHQWH OLJHURV GHELGR D SRUORVFRPEXVWLEOHV\RDFHLWHVTXHIUHFXHQWHPHQWHXWLOLH $0')6,060',%>)6+#/'+/-)"5%$),7$0"'3'0'$0'>75)(0('=7)' ;0/'80"0'8%()"'97/,+%/0"E'4/'0$&7/06'()')6-06'50=7+/0"+06' 0$:)"&0/')/'67'+/-)"+%"E'*0(%'=7)'-+)/)/'=7)')208%"0"' LQGXVWULDOHVHVKDELWXDOHQFRQWUDUVLVWHPDVGHH[WLQFLyQGH )60'>75)(0('/0-7"0$'0/-)6'()')58);0"'0'()6,%58%H +/,)/(+%6'8"%8+%6B'8%"'$%'=7)')6-06',7)/-0/',%/'7/')$)5)/H /)"6)B' 0:6%":)/' 57,>%' ,0$%"' 0/-)6' ()' 075)/-0"' 67' WRHVSHFt¿FRSDUDFRQWURODUHOULHVJRGHLQFHQGLRTXHIUHH -)58)"0-7"0E FXHQWHPHQWHHVSURYRFDGRSRUODVVLJXLHQWHVFDXVDV J% 6XSHU¿FLH H[SXHVWD OD FDQWLGDG GH VXSHU¿FLH H[H J% '70>7?40?34>7'():+(%'0',0:$)6'&06-0(%6B')/,>79)6'"%H SXHVWD HV UHODWLYDPHQWH SHTXHxD VHFFLRQHV UHFWDQH -%6B')-,E JXODUHV  J% &G95/.% 05?/0N/6/.' =7)' 6)' 05?/;459>/9' 8%"' $0' ,%H QH[LyQGHH[FHVLYRVDSDUDWRVHOpFWULFRV\RSRUODH[H 170/(%' )$' 97)&%' 0-0,0' 0' )$)5)/-%6' ()' 50()"0B' $%6' >0,)' ,)6+20',0/-+(0('()'()"+20,+%/)6')/'$06'$I/)06'=7)'/%' DUGHUGHIRUPDFRQFpQWULFD HVGHFLUGHIXHUDKDFLDGHQWUR  -+)/)/')/',7)/-0'$0',080,+(0(')$C,-"+,0'+/6-0$0(0E ?0'80"-)',0":%/+;0(0',0"),)'()'")6+6-)/,+0B'07/=7)',%/6H WLWX\HXQHOHPHQWRSURWHFWRU DFW~DFRPRDLVODQWHIUHQWHD J% e/9>594M459>7%6537.7'()'$%6')=7+8%6')$C,-"+,%6E ODWHPSHUDWXUDH[WHULRU /DPDGHUDVDQD ODQRTXHPDGD  T' 4$'49?59647%65%/?54>5.GHPDTXLQDULD JHQHUDGRUHV /%'679")'0$-)"0,+%/)6B'+/,$76%'6)')/(7"),)',%/')$'075)/-%' WUDQVIRUPDGRUHV HWF  VH SURGXFH SRU IULFFLyQ R SRU ()'-)58)"0-7"0E'@+/')5:0"&%B'0'5)(+(0'=7)'6)',0":%/+;0' 7/0'97&0B'(0(%'=7)')6-%6'6)')/,7)/-"0/'0'0$-06'-)5H $0'8+);0B'$0'6),,+#/'G-+$'()'$0'5+650'20'6+)/(%'5)/%"B'8%"' 8)"0-7"06E' A%"50$5)/-)' )6-0' 50=7+/0"+0' (+68%/)' ()' $%'=7)'$$)&0'7/'5%'5)/-%')/'=7)'$0',0/-+(0('()'50-)"+0$')6' 7/' "),+8+)/-)' (%/()' 6)' 0,757$0' )$' 0,)+-)' 80"0' )2+-0"' LQVX¿FLHQWHSDUDVRSRUWDUORVHVIXHU]RV/DVHVWUXFWXUDVGH 97&06'0'%-"06'+/6-0/,+06E'?%6'&06)6'8"%(7,+(%6'8%"')6H 50()"0',%$0860/'8%"'8C"(+(0'()'$0'6),,+#/'")6+6-)/-)E WRVDFHLWHVVRQDOWDPHQWHWy[LFRV !"#$%&'(")*+,")-.#&'#.+)/0&+(.1&)/"%%"'2)//)3456/578)9:;)&-+*"0+0$=")?0+@2+)A)/BC7)>$+030'3' @+')6-%6'6%/'5D6'8)60(%6'=7)')$'0+")B'6)'9%"50"D'7/0'8)H ()'$0',%/-+/7+(0('=7)'8")6)/-)/E' TXHxDQXEHLQÀDPDEOHTXHVHUiGHVSOD]DGDSRUHOYLHQWR\ @0$20/(%' $0' 8%6+:+$+(0(' ()' )/,%/-"0"' 6#$+(%6' 676,)8-+:$)6' $06',%""+)/-)6'0'"06'()'67)$%E'O+)/-"06'020/;0'$0'/7:)'6)H ()' 8%$+5)"+;0"B' )/-"0"' )/' ,%5:76-+#/' )68%/-D/)0' 7' %-"%6' &7+"D' (+$73C/(%6)' 8"%&")6+205)/-)B' 8)"%B' 6+' )/-"0' )/' ,%/H FDVRVTXHVHSXHGDQFRQVLGHUDU³H[WUDxRV´VHSXHGHSHQH -0,-%',%/'7/'87/-%'()'+&/+,+#/',70/(%'67',%/,)/-"0,+#/'6)' 60"'=7)'7/'+/,)/(+%'+/(76-"+0$'()'6#$+(%6'-+)/)B',%5%'/%"50' HQFXHQWUDHQWUHORVOtPLWHVGHLQÀDPDELOLGDGVHSURGXFLUiVX &)/)"0$B'5)/%"'8)$+&"%6+(0('=7)'7/%'()'$I=7+(%6B'&06)6'%' ,%5:76-+#/'3')$'9")/-)'()'$$050'")-"%,)()"D'>06-0'0$,0/;0"')$' 87$2)"7$)/-%6B'87)6'$0')/)"&I0'=7)'0:6%":)')$'6#$+(%'80"0' 2)"-+(%B'$%'=7)'8"%2%,0"D')$'()/%5+/0(%'+/,)/(+%'()',>0",%E 0"()"' ():)' 7-+$+;0"6)' )/' 8"+5)"0' +/6-0/,+0' 80"0' $$)20"$%' 0' )6-0(%'&06)%6%E !%"' )6-)' 5%-+2%B' )/' ,70$=7+)"' +/6-0$0,+#/' +/(76-"+0$' )/' $0' TXHVHXWLOLFHQRDOPDFHQHQOtTXLGRVLQÀDPDEOHVHVWiQPX\ 4/')6-)'-+8%'()'+/,)/(+%6B')6'>0:+-70$')58$)0"')6-"0-)&+06' ,%/-"%$0(06'%'8"%>+:+(06'$06'8"D,-+,06'=7)'&)/)"0/'7/'87/H ()'()60$+5)/-0,+#/'3'8C"(+(0'()',%/-+/7+(0('0/-)6'()'0-0H WRGHLJQLFLyQ SRUHMHPSORIXPDURVROGDU \GHEHQXWLOL]DUH ,0"')$'+/,)/(+%')/'6I'5+65%E'[-"06'2),)6B')/'97/,+#/'()'$0' VH VLHPSUH KHUUDPLHQWDV DQWLHVWiWLFDV \ DQWLGHÀDJUDQWHV ,%580,-0,+#/' =7)' -)/&0' )$' 6#$+(%' +&/)6,)/-)B' ,%/2)/("D' 4/'$%6',06%6'5D6'")6-"+,-+2%6B'6)'&)/)"0/'"),+/-%6'()/%5+H GHMDUOR DUGHU GH IRUPD FRQWURODGD \ OLPLWDQGR OD SURSDJDH QDGRV$7(; DWPyVIHUDVH[SORVLYDV GRQGHHVWiSURKLELGR ,+#/'()$'5+65%'0$')/-%"/%'+/5)(+0-%E 7-+$+;0"'-)$C9%/%6'5#2+$)6'3',70$=7+)"'%-"%')$)5)/-%'=7)'/%' HVWXYLHUDFHUWL¿FDGR$7(; &"%"# +#!$#.+"'.$ 0/,0!$#0,+$#&"'.$ /763+."' 4 80'$' &"%"$"# +#!$#.+".$ &0#63$ ?%6'+/,)/(+%6'=7)'6)'8"%(7,)/')/'$%6')6-0:$),+5+)/-%6'+/H ?%6'+/,)/(+%6'()'-0/=7)6'()'0$50,)/05+)/-%'()',%5:76H GXVWULDOHVHQORVTXHVHXWLOL]DQRDOPDFHQDQOtTXLGRV\R -+:$)6'$I=7+(%6'+/2%$7,"0/'57,>%'5D6',%5:76-+:$)'=7)'$%6' JDVHVLQÀDPDEOHVVHVXHOHQFODVL¿FDUHQIXQFLyQGHODIRUH ()',>0",%'3'67)$)/'6)"B'8%"')$$%B'5D6'8)$+&"%6%6E'*0/'$7&0"' 50')/'=7)'0,%/-),)')$'+/,+()/-)E'4/')6-)'6)/-+(%B'$%6'-+8%6' 0$' 0,,+()/-)' ()/%5+/0(%' "):%605+)/-%' 8%"' ):7$$+,+#/' %'' PiVKDELWXDOHVGHLQFHQGLRVLQGXVWULDOHVVRQ C/)9D:&' C/)9D:&'XQIHQyPHQRH[WUHPDGDPHQWHSHOLJURVRDVRFLD H T' i/,)/(+%'()',>0",%E (%'9"),7)/-)5)/-)'0'$%6'+/,)/(+%6'()'-0/=7)'()',"7(%'()' T' i/,)/(+%'()'-0/=7)E 8)-"#$)%B')/'$%6'=7)'67)$)'>0:)"'")6-%6'()'0&70'=7)B'8%"' T' *0"(%'()'97)&%E 6)"'5D6'8)60(0B'=7)(0'(),0/-0(0')/')$'9%/(%E *7"0/-)'$0')2%$7,+#/'()$'+/,)/(+%B'=7)'87)()'(7"0"'20"+06' 46-%6'+/,)/(+%6'-+)/)/'$7&0"',70/(%'6)'8"%(7,)'7/'90$$%')/' >%"06B'0$'8"+/,+8+%'6)'=7)50/'$06'9"0,,+%/)6'5D6'2%$D-+$)6' $06'5)(+(06'()'8")2)/,+#/'3',%/'9"),7)/,+0'6%/'()206-0(%H ()$'8)-"#$)%E'K$')/"+=7),)"6)'$%6',%58%/)/-)6'5D6'8)60H UHVGHELGRDODDOWDLQÀDPDELOLGDG\DODOWRSRGHUWpUPLFRGH GRV GHPD\RUWHPSHUDWXUDGHHEXOOLFLyQ IRUPDQXQDFDSD ORV FRPEXVWLEOHV DIHFWDGRV (Q RFDVLRQHV MXQWR FRQ HOORV VXSHU¿FLDOTXHDXPHQWDSURJUHVLYDPHQWHGHWHPSHUDWXUD\ 87)()/'8")6)/-0"6)'%-"%6'9)/#5)/%6'-0$)6',%5%'$0':%$0'()' )68)6%"B'3'-05:+C/'020/;0')/'8"%97/(+(0(E'*)')6-0'50/)H IXHJR %/(9( RELHQODIRUPDFLyQGHQXEHVWy[LFDV "0'7/0'b%/(0'()',0$%"c'()'5D6'()'VYY'ž&'6)'8"%80&0'>0,+0' $0'80"-)'+/9)"+%"'()$'()8#6+-%'>06-0'=7)'-%50',%/-0,-%',%/' &"%"!"# +#!$#.+".$ !;01!" )$'0&70'(),0/-0(0B'$%'=7)'8"%2%,0'67'208%"+;0,+#/'6G:+-0' 4$'+/,)/(+%'()',>0",%'-05:+C/'$$050(%'SRRO¿UHB'6)'8"%(7,)' 3' &)/)"0' 7/0' 2+%$)/-0' )"78,+#/' =7)' +/,")5)/-0' +/6-0/-DH SRUHOYHUWLGRGHXQOtTXLGRLQÀDPDEOH LQÀDPDEOH QHDPHQWHODUDGLDFLyQWpUPLFD\H[WLHQGHHOLQFHQGLRHQODV TXH VH H[WLHQGH SRU HO VXHOR XHOR \ LQPHGLDFLRQHVFRPRSRUHMHPSORVXFHGLyFRQODH[SORVLyQ LQPHGLDFLRQHVFRPR =7)' 0$,0/;0' 7/' )68)6%"'' ")H ()$' 8%;%' [+$' P+&' MfY MfY' 9")/-)' 0' $06' ,%6-06' ()' ?%7+6+0/0' )/' GXFLGR VL H[LVWH XQ FXEHWR HWR 6)8-+)5:")'()'VYXYE '7'%-"0';%/0'()',%/-)/,+#/B'6)' 6)' 9%"50' 7/' ,>0",%' ()' 503%"'' 8"%H &"%"%"#.01.".$ 53$8" IXQGLGDG \ SRU OR WDQWR PHQRU HQRU 170/ 170/(%' %,7"")' 7/0' 97&0' 0,,+()/-0$' ()' VXSHU¿FLH FDSD] GH YDSRUL]DU L]DU YDSRUHV R JDVHV LQÀDPDEOHV SRU H LQÀDPDU  (VWDV FRQGLH HMHPSOR HQ OD URWXUD GH XQD WXEHUtD ,+%/)6' >0,)/' 90,-+:$)' $0' 8"%,)()/-)' ()' 7/' 208%"+;0(%"' %' )/' 080"+,+#/' ()' 7/' +/,)/H $0'$I/)0'()'+587$6+#/'()'7/',%58")H GLRVLHPSUHTXHH[LVWDXQ VRU  VH SURGXFH HVWH WLSR GH LQFHQH 87/-%'()'+&/+,+#/',)",0/%E' (+%B' -05:+C/' ,%/%,+(%' ,%5%' MHW ¿UHE' (OOtTXLGRLQÀDPDEOHYHUWLGRVH VH 4$' )6,08)' (0' $7&0"' 0' $%' =7)' 6)' ()H )208%"0')/'97/,+#/'()'67'2%$0-+H %$0-+H *M/N59%O[L'`)"-+(% /%5+/0' FKRUUR WXUEXOHQWR MHW  TXH !"#$%&'(")*+,")-.#&'#.+)/0&+(.1&)/"%%"'2)//)3456/578)9:;)&-+*"0+0$=")?0+@2+)A)/BC7)>$+7),%6'()'$0'5060'()$'8%$2%E (+$7+(0'")67$-0/-)')6'()68$0;0(0'8%"')$'2+)/-%'3'6)'(+68)"60E' *)'9%"50'6+5+$0"'0$'+/,)/(+%'()',>0",%B'6+'$0'/7:)'0$,0/;0' &"&"%"# %"/9"(637,+!"('$!" XQSXQWRGHLJQLFLyQVHSURGXFHLQPHGLDWDPHQWHODLQÀDH 50,+#/' ()' $0' 5060' ()' &06B' )$' 9")/-)' ()' $$050' ")-"%,)()' @)'7-+$+;0'8"+/,+80$5)/-)')/'$%6'+/,)/(+%6'()'8%$2%'()'%"+H >06-0')$'$7&0"'()'$0'97&0'3'6)'9%"50'7/'(0"(%'()'97)&%'=7)' &)/'5)-D$+,%B'30'=7)')6-%6'6%/',080,)6'()'")0,,+%/0"',%/' 6)'50/-+)/)'5+)/-"06'8)"50/);,0'$0')5+6+#/'()'&06'%':+)/' RWURV DJHQWHV H[WLQWRUHV \ HQ JHQHUDO PHGLDQWH UHDFFLRH ()'208%"E /)6'573')/C"&+,06E'?0'08$+,0,+#/'67)$)'6)"'50/70$B'$%'=7)' VLJQL¿FD TXH HVWi OLPLWDGD D LQFHQGLRV GH SHTXHxDV SURH &"&"# +#!$#.+"'(.$(,0&$1+0/$'(%3/9$13/$#&"' 8%",+%/)6E F/'90,-%"'=7)'09),-0')/%"5)5)/-)'0'$0'2)$%,+(0('()',%5H &"&"&"# 0#;7.1+."(!01)-#+!"(4(#+&1-8$#" :76-+#/' )6' $0' 9%"50' 9I6+,0' ()$' ,%5:76-+:$)B' 30' =7)' 0$' 07H PHQWDUODVXSHU¿FLHGHFRQWDFWRHQWUHHOFRPEXVWLEOH\HO 4$'0/>I("+(%',0":#/+,%B')$'/+-"#&)/%')B'+/,$76%B')$'208%"'()' ,%5:7")/-)B'5D6'9D,+$5)/-)'6)'8"%(7,)'$0',%5:76-+#/E'*)' DJXD WDPELpQ SXHGHQ XWLOL]DUVH FRPR DJHQWHV H[WLQWRUHV HVWDPDQHUDHQFRPEXVWLEOHVVyOLGRV¿QDPHQWHGLYLGLGRV GHLQFHQGLRVGHPDWHULDOHVSXOYHUXOHQWRVFRQODH[FHSFLyQ SDUWtFXODV!PP VHSURGXFHXQDFRPEXVWLyQUiSLGD ()' $%6' 8%$2%6' ()' 5)-0$)6' ")0,-+2%6' 3' 6+)58")' =7)' /%' 6)' SHUR VLQ SHOLJUR GH H[SORVLyQ 3RU HO FRQWUDULR VL HO FRPH 8"%(7;,0/'-7":7$)/,+06E' EXVWLEOHVHHQFXHQWUDHQHVWDGRSXOYHUXOHQWR SDUWtFXODV 6RQHIHFWLYRVFXDQGRODPDVDGHSROYRHVWiFRQ¿QDGDHQ PP ODFRPEXVWLyQHVPX\UiSLGD\SXHGHOOHJDUDVHU XQYROXPHQFHUUDGRDOSDVRGHJDVHV GHSyVLWRVVLORVERH SLURIyULFRRLQFOXVRH[SORVLYR$GHPiVODWHPSHUDWXUD\OD GHJDV GH EXTXHV HWF  3DUD DVHJXUDU XQD FRPSOHWD H[H )/)"&I0'()'+&/+,+#/'/),)60"+06'80"0'=7)')6-0$$)/'$06'/7:)6' -+/,+#/B')$'&06'%'208%"'():)'50/-)/)"6)'(7"0/-)'7/'$0"&%' GHSROYRVRQPXFKRPiVEDMDVTXHODVSURGXFLGDVHQODV SHUtRGRGHWLHPSR TXHHQRFDVLRQHVSXHGHOOHJDUDVHUGH 97)/-)6'()'+&/+,+#/',%57/)6E GtDVRVHPDQDV \VHSUHFLVDQDSRUWDFLRQHVVXSOHPHQWDH /DGHFLVLyQPiVUHOHYDQWHSDUDH[WLQJXLUHVWHWLSRGHLQFHQH "+06'()'&06'%'208%"'80"0',%58)/60"'$06'8C"(+(06'+/)2+-0H GLRVFRQp[LWRSDVDSRUHOHJLUHODJHQWHH[WLQWRUDGHFXDGR :$)6'=7)'-)/("D/'$7&0"E HQ IXQFLyQ GHO HVWXGLR GH XQD VHULH GH IDFWRUHV FRPR OD /0-7"0$);0'()$'8%$2%B')$'6+-+%')/')$'=7)'6)')/,7)/-"0B'$0'8")H &"&"'"# ;+.1"!01)31"'(;0/"8$#0."'(4("&1"'(80'$'( VHQFLDGHRWURVHTXLSRVRPDWHULDOHVHQODVSUR[LPLGDGHV $:&+#&"1$'($'%$!+0/$' ()$'+/,)/(+%B'$0'(+68%/+:+$+(0('()'5)(+%6B')-,E /RV KLGURFDUEXURV KDORJHQDGRV FRPR HO  \ HO   &DSDFLGDGHV GH ORV GLVWLQWRV DJHQWHV H[WLQWRUHV SDUD LQH FHQGLRVGHVyOLGRVSXOYHUXOHQWRV OLPLWDQVXXVRFRPRDJHQWHVH[WLQWRUHVDLQFHQGLRVGHSHH =7)06'+/6-0$0H (V HO DJHQWH H[WLQWRU GH XVR PiV IUHFXHQWH H[FHSWR HQ ,+%/)6'+/(76-"+0$)6'=7)')/'67'5%5)/-%'5%/-0"%/'&"0/()6' LQFHQGLRV GH PHWDOHV TXH UHDFFLRQDQ FRQ HOOD FRPR HO VLVWHPDVGHH[WLQFLyQDXWRPiWLFD\VLJXHQPDQWHQLpQGRORV DOXPLQLR R HO PDJQHVLR  R HQ SUHVHQFLD GH WHQVLyQ HOpFH 4/'%-"06'+/(76-"+06'6)'>0/'676-+-7+(%'8%"'&06)6'+/)"-)6')6H -"+,0E' 4/' +/,)/(+%6' ()' 50-)"+0$)6' 87$2)"7$)/-%6B' 6)' 08$+,0' 8),+0$)6' 5)/%6' 0&")6+2%6' ,%/' $0' ,080' ()' %;%/%E' @7)$)/' GHIRUPDQHEXOL]DGDRGH¿QDSXOYHUL]DFLyQHVH¿FD]HQ 6)"'7/0':7)/0'%8,+#/'30'=7)'6)'5);,$0/'"D8+(05)/-)',%/' ORVLQFHQGLRVGHSROYRVGHRULJHQYHJHWDO\VLQWpWLFR WDOHV ODQXEHSXOYHUXOHQWDHLQHUWL]DQHOFRQMXQWR !"#$%&'(")*+,")-.#&'#.+)/0&+(.1&)/"%%"'2)//)3456/578)9:;)&-+*"0+0$=")?0+@2+)A)/BC7)>$+70 FDQDOL]D OD PH]FOD GH DJXDHPXOVRU FRQWLHQHXQDULTXH]DGHODPH]FODVXSHULRUDOD K'8)60"'()'$0'+58%"-0/,+0'()$'50/-)/+5+)/-%'9"),7)/-)'()' GHVDOLGD  $%6' )=7+8%6' %8)"0-+2%6' 3' 2)>I,7$%6' ()$' 6)"2+,+%' ()' :%5H :)"%6B'=7)'&0"0/-+;0/'67'8)"9),-%'97/,+%/05+)/-%',70/(%' &"# 'CM/0/%65%e51?;/_'8"%(7,)'$0'5);,$0'()'0&70' >0,)/' 90$-0B' $%6' ,%/,)/-"0(%6' )6875#&)/%6' "0"0' 2);' 6)' 3')57$6%"E ")2+60/'8%"=7)')6-D/'0$50,)/0(%6')/':+(%/)6'%'-0/=7)6' \ODPHQWDEOHPHQWHQRH[LVWHQPpWRGRVGHYHUL¿FDFLyQQR '"# &G95/%65%.3??4K9_',%/(7,-%'()')/-"0(0'()$')57$H ()6-"7,-+2%6'80"0'0/0$+;0"$%6E'!%"')6)'5%-+2%'67'76%'8"%$%/H 6%"E JDGRGHSHQGHHQJUDQPHGLGDGHODKDELOLGDGH[SHULHQFLD ("# cC;B3;/%65%05>59?4K9_'+58+()'$0'60$+(0'()$'0&70' 3',0$+(0('=7)':"+/(0/'$%6'675+/+6-"0(%")6'()$'8"%(7,-%E 8%"'$0'$I/)0'()'67,,+#/B')2+-0/(%'06I'$0'5);,$0'()' 0&70')/'$%6':+(%/)6'()')57$6%"E '"!"# 5"1,0'(.$(8$#$10!+-#(.$($'%3,0' )"# )504B/?4K9%7%SUE/.._'()"+20')$'0&70'>0,+0')$',+"H !0"0' 8%()"' ,")0"' $0' )68750B' 6)' /),)6+-0' 0&70B' 0+")' 3' 7/' ,7+-%'()'0&70'$+58+0E )6875#&)/%E'4$'8"+5)"'806%')6'%:-)/)"'$0'5);,$0'()$'0&70' 3' )$' )6875#&)/%B' =7)' 6)' ,%/6+&7)' 5)(+0/-)' 7/%' ()' $%6' *"# cC;B3;/% 65% ?7ME59./?4yQ' 6)$),,+%/0' $0' ,0/-+H VLJXLHQWHVVLVWHPDV (0('()'0&70'=7)'8060'8%"',+",7+-%'()'0&70'$+58+0' 3B'8%"')/()B'$0'=7)'6)'97)";0'0'-"02C6'()$',+",7+-%' '"!"!"# %1$,$C!/0 ()'5);,$0(%E 46'8%6+:$)')/,%/-"0"')$')6875#&)/%'3')$'0&70'30'5);,$0H (%6E'L0$'6)"I0')$',06%'()'$%6'5a>49>705.%%':+)/')/'$%6'?/T P)68),-%'0'67'7b')$',07(0$'()'0&70'=7)'8)H M4795.%65%S7MS507.L QHWUDSRUODERFDGHHQWUDGDVHUDPL¿FDHQGRVFLUFXLWRV T' F/%B'0'-"02C6'()'$0':%=7+$$0B'=7)'6)',%57/+,0',%/'$0' ,D50"0'()'5);,$0E T' [-"%B' 8%"' )$' ,%/(7,-%' =7)' 6)' ,%57/+,0' (+"),-05)/-)' ,%/'$0'60$+(0'0'-"02C6'()'$0'2D$27$0'()',%58)/60,+#/E ?0'")(7,,+#/'()'6),,+#/'()'$0':%=7+$$0'>0,)'=7)'$0'2)$%,+H *M/N59%OWL'1%/,)/-"0(%'()')6875#&)/% (0('()',+",7$0,+#/'()$'0&70'8%"'$0',D50"0'()'5);,$0'6)0' HOHYDGDORTXHSURYRFDXQDGHSUHVLyQ YDFtR HQODPLVPD '"!"$"# %1"%"1!+"#0."1(@"(;+.1",$C!/0."1A HIHFWR9HQWXUL TXHVHWUDVODGDKDFLDODOtQHDGHVXFFLy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i[LPRGH/30DEDUHVGHSUHVLyQ -0"')$'6+6-)50'6)'-+)/)'7/'8"%8%",+%/0(%"E'4$'0&70'0'8")6+#/' A),)6+-0'7/0'8")6+#/'5I/+50'()'M':0")6E'46B'8%"'-0/-%B'7/' )/-"0')/')$'8"%8%",+%/0(%"'3'7/0'80"-)'6)'(+"+&)'0$'()8#6+-%B' (+68%6+-+2%' ()' 76%' 6)/,+$$%B' -05:+C/' ():+(%' 0' 67' ")(7,+(%' GRQGHHODJXDSUHVLRQDODPHPEUDQD\SURYRFDODH[SXOH SHVR DOUHGHGRUGHNJV $OJXQDVGHVXVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV 6+#/' ()$' )6875#&)/%E' ?0' %-"0' 80"-)' ()' 0&70' 0-"02+)60' )$' PiVUHVHxDEOHVVRQ 8"%8%",+%/0(%"'3B'8%"')9),-%'`)/-7"+B'0:6%":)')$')6875#&)H /%'=7)'>0'60$+(%'()'$0'5)5:"0/0E T' i/3),-%"'+/,%"8%"0(%E T' $XWRQRPtDGHPLQDOPLQDO\KFRQ '"!"'"# '+'&$,0(.$()",)$" PLQDO (VWHVLVWHPDHVPiVFRPSOHMR(VWiFRPSXHVWRSRUORVVLH T' 3RVLELOLGDGGHDMXVWDUHOFDXGDOGHVGHHOPLVPRPDQJR &7+)/-)6')$)5)/-%6E ()'0&0"")B'$%'=7)'90,+$+-0'67',%/-"%$'()'50/)"0'8)"50H /)/-)E T' *)8#6+-%'()')6875#&)/%E (QJHQHUDOVHSXHGHGHFLUTXHH[LVWHQGRVSURFHGLPLHQWRV T' R%5:06'80"0'$0'+587$6+#/'()$')6875#&)/%E 80"0'GRVL¿FDU'$0',0/-+(0('()')6875#&)/%'=7)'():)'5);H T' 1%/-"%$0(%"'()'$06':%5:06E ,$0"6)')/'$0',%""+)/-)'()'0&70'80"0'9%"50"'7/0'6%$7,+#/'()' FRQFHQWUDFLyQ¿MD T' !"%8%",+%/0(%"E J% e->767.%235%3>4;41/9%;/%5950NG/%65%;/%E05.4K9%59%;/% T' @%/(06'()'8")6+#/E ?700459>5%65%/N3/ HIHFWR9HQWXUL 6HLQWURGXFHGLFKR T' O0/#5)-"%6E FRQFHQWUDGRDWUDYpVGHXQRVRUL¿FLRV(QJHQHUDOHVH T' `D$27$06'()'E\SDVV -%6'(+68%6+-+2%6'8"%(7,)/'7/0'8C"(+(0'()'8")6+#/'()$' HQODFRUULHQWHGHDJXD'HQWURGHHVWHJUXSRVH T' )"5C-+,0'0'$%6'208%")6E 46-%6'6+6-)506'")0$+;0/'$0'5);,$0'()$')6875#&)/%',%/')$' 0&70'5)(+0/-)'7/0'(+976+#/'2%$75C-"+,0E'4$'0&70'0'8")6+#/' T' ([FHOHQWHDGKHUHQFLD !"#$%&'(")*+,")-.#&'#.+)/0&+(.1&)/"%%"'2)//)3456/578)9:;)&-+*"0+0$=")?0+@2+)A)/BC7)>$+0,)/' GHDJXDWDPELpQVHHPSOHDFRQp[LWRHQLQFHQGLRVGHFODVH +/0,,)6+:$)6E K' 3B' 8%"' )6)' 5+65%' 5%-+2%B' /%' ():)' 08$+,0"6)' 6%:")' )$)H /DHVSXPDGHPHGLDH[SDQVLyQHVGHWH[WXUDVXDYH7LHQH 5)/-%6',%/'-)/6+#/')$C,-"+,0B'30'=7)')6':7)/0',%/(7,-%"0' XQDH[FHOHQWHÀXLGH]SDUDHYLWDUORVREVWiFXORV\HVVLJH ()'$0')$),-"+,+(0(E QL¿FDWLYR VX XVR SDUD SUHYHQLU LQFHQGLRV HQ GHUUDPHV GH L058%,%'6)'"),%5+)/(0'6%:")'()""05)6'()'&06)6'$+,70(%6' OtTXLGRVLQÀDPDEOHV ,%5%':7-0(+)/%B'8"%80/%'%',$%"7"%'()'2+/+$%E'4/'&)/)"0$'/%' 6)'():)'7-+$+;0"')/'+/,)/(+%6'()'50-)"+0$)6'=7)'")0,,+%/)/' 3DUDODVHVSXPDVGHPHGLDH[SDQVLyQORVFiOFXORVGH059T ,%/')$'0&70B'97)&%6'()'1$06)'*B',0":7"%'()',0$,+%B')-,E 64M459>7VHUHDOL]DQGHIRUPDDSUR[LPDGDWRPDQGRFRPR 87/-%' ()' 80"-+(0' $0' ()/6+(0(' ()' 08$+,0,+#/B' ()' $0' 5+650' ?0' 659.46/6% 65% /E;4?/?4K9' ()' $0' )68750' ()-)"5+/0' 67' PDQHUDTXHSDUDODVHVSXPDVGHEDMDH[SDQVLyQ p[LWR/DGHQVLGDGGHDSOLFDFLyQVHH[SUHVDFRPRORVOLWURV GHVROXFLyQDJXDFRQFHQWUDGR QRGHHVSXPDH[SDQGLGD  '"$"%"# $'%3,0'.$ 0/&0 $:%0#'+-# TXHDOFDQ]DQODVXSHU¿FLHGHOFRPEXVWLEOH(VGHFLUODGHQH 6+(0('()'08$+,0,+#/'+/(+,0'$%6'$+-"%6'()'6%$7,+#/'8%"'5+/7-%' (VWDVHVSXPDVFRQXQUDWLRGHH[SDQVLyQPD\RUD FDXGDOGHODODQ]D \SRUPHWURFXDGUDGR/DGHQVLGDGGH VHGLVHxDQSDUDFRPEDWLULQFHQGLRVHQHVSDFLRVFRQ¿QDGRV 08$+,0,+#/'()-)"5+/0'-05:+C/')$'/G5)"%'()'$0/;06'0'7-+$+;0"' JDUDMHVERGHJDVVyWDQRVPLQDVKDQJDUHVHWF  HQIXQFLyQGHODH[WHQVLyQGHOOtTXLGRLQÀDPDGR /DVHVSXPDVGHEDMDH[SDQVLyQ VLQWpWLFDVGHWULSOHH[SDQH 46-0')68750B'()'9%"50'6+5+$0"'0'$06'0/-)"+%")6B')6-D'+/(+H VLyQ\SROLYDOHQWHV GHEHQVHUDSOLFDGDVFRQXQDGHQVLGDG FDGDSDUDFRQWURODU\H[WLQJXLUHOIXHJRSRUHQIULDPLHQWR\ ()',+/,%'$+-"%6'8%"'5+/7-%'3'5)-"%',70("0(%'80"0'+/,)/(+%6' VRIRFDFLyQVLELHQVXEDMRFRQWHQLGRHQDJXD HV ()' ()""05)6E' K$' 075)/-0"' $0' ()/6+(0(' ()' 08$+,0,+#/' 8%"' (),+"B',%/'7/'$+-"%'()'0&70'3',%/,)/-"0(%'6)'8"%(7,)/'XEYYY' )/,+50'()$'5I/+5%'"),%5)/(0(%'6)'")(7,)')$'-+)58%'")H OLWURVGHHVSXPD KDFHTXHJUDQSDUWHVHDGHVWUXLGDSRUHO TXHULGR SDUD OD H[WLQFLyQ 6LQ HPEDUJR VL OD GHQVLGDG GH 97)&%')/'67'020/,)E 08$+,0,+#/')6'+/9)"+%"'0'(+,>%'5I/+5%B')$'-+)58%'/),)60"+%' 6HDSOLFDSULQFLSDOPHQWHHQHVSDFLRVFRQ¿QDGRVSHURFRQ SDUD OD H[WLQFLyQ VHUi PD\RU \ VL HV GHPDVLDGR EDMD HV 2)/-+$0,+#/'=7)'8)"5+-0'$0'60$+(0'()'>75%'3'&06)6',0$+)/-)6' SRVLEOHTXHQRVHSXHGDFRQWURODUQLH[WLQJXLUHOLQFHQGLR DOWLHPSRTXHHQWUDODHVSXPDJHQHUDGD(OWLUDMHGHOLQFHQH ?0' 6+&7+)/-)' %8)"0,+#/' 8)"5+-)' ()-)"5+/0"' )$' /G5)"%' 5IH (+%'():)')6-0"')/')$'$0(%'%87)6-%'0$'$7&0"'(%/()'6)'08$+=7)' QLPRGHODQ]DVQHFHVDULDVSDUDFRPEDWLUFRQp[LWRXQGHH ODHVSXPDGHDOWDH[SDQVLyQSDUDTXHSXHGDHQWUDU3DUD UUDPH )2+-0"' (0+("0/-)6'3'5%/+-%")6'=7)'6)'/),)6+-0/'80"0'675+/+6-"0"')$' 0&70'()')/9"+05+)/-%')/')$')6,)/0"+%'()$'+/,)/(+%E'L05:+C/' ?0'8")67"+;0,+#/'()')680,+%6')2+-0'=7)')$'>75%'8)/)-")')/' 87)()'6)"'7-+$+;0(0'80"0''()60""%$$0"'8"%3),-%6'()'6+6-)506' ODV]RQDVSUHVXUL]DGDVSRUORTXHPDQWLHQHDHVWDVDMHQDV ¿MRVGHGLIXVRUHVGHDJXD\GHGLOXYLR DOLQFHQGLRH[WHULRU(VFRPSOLFDGDHQFLHUWRWLSRGHLQFHQH /RVPDQXDOHVSURSRQHQXQFDXGDOPtQLPRGHDJXDGHH[H GLRVFRPR WLQFLyQGHDOLWURVPLQPV H[SUHVDGRSRUPV'()$'D")0' T' i/,)/(+%6'+/(76-"+0$)6'()'-+8%$%&I0'*'3'4B'30'=7)'80"-)' GH OD VXSHU¿FLH SUR\HFWDGD  /RV FDXGDOHV GH DSOLFDFLyQ ()'67',7:+)"-0')6-D'0$'0+")'$+:")E ():)/'6)"')20$70(%6'80"0',0(0')6,)/0"+%'()'+/,)/(+%'8%"' T' i/,)/(+%6'+/(76-"+0$)6'()'-+8%$%&I0'KB'R'3'1B'(%/()'$%6' 6)80"0(%E'!0"0')6-%6',D$,7$%6'87)()'6)"'()'7-+$+(0(')$'50H ,07(0$)6'()'0+")'()'$%6'5%-%2)/-+$0(%")6')/,0"&0(%6' QXDO 1)3$ HVWiQGDU SDUD HVSXPDV GH EDMD PHGLD \ GHODSUHVXUL]DFLyQQRVXHOHQVHUVX¿FLHQWHVSDUDODV DOWDH[SDQVLyQ  &"0/()6'2%$75)-"I06'=7)'():)/'8")67"+;0"E 6LGHQWURGHOD¿ORVRItDGHSURWHFFLyQFRQWUDLQFHQGLRVVH ?%6'8$0/)6'()'8")2)/,+#/'()'$06'+/(76-"+06'>0/'()',%/-)5H ,%/6+()"0'=7)')6'"),%5)/(0:$)'760"')68750',%5%'5)(+%' 8$0"'$06';%/06'()'8")67"+;0,+#/'=7)'0,-70"D/',%5%',%"-0H GHH[WLQFLyQVHGHEHUiWHQHUHQFXHQWDSDUDHOFiOFXORGH IXHJRVFRPRYtDVGHHYDFXDFLyQRFRPRiUHDVGHFRQ¿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yQGHH[WLQFLyQHOFDXGDOHPSOHDGR )/'$0'08$+,0,+#/'()'0&70'/%')6',%/-+/7%E'?06',%/(+,+%/)6' /D UHIULJHUDFLyQ GH VXSHU¿FLHV UHWUDVD OD DIHFFLyQ TXH HO )/')$'+/-)"+%"'()-)"5+/0"D/')$',07(0$'0')58$)0"'%'$0'678")H LQFHQGLRFHUFDQRSXHGHHVWDUHMHUFLHQGRVREUHGLFKDVVXH 6+#/'()'0&70'(7"0/-)'7/'-+)58%'>06-0'"),%:"0"')$')=7+$+:"+%' SHU¿FLHVWDQWRSRUUDGLDFLyQFRPRSRUFRQYHFFLyQ -C"5+,%E'4/',+)"-%'5%5)/-%'87)()'6)"'/),)60"+%'675+/+6H @)&G/'$0'AL!'WVY'6%/'&)/)"0$5)/-)'6+-70,+%/)6',%/-"%$0H -"0"' 7/' ,07(0$' +58%"-0/-)' 80"0' >0,)"' 9")/-)' 0' 9)/#5)/%6' EOHVXQRVFDXGDOHVPiVLFRVGHNJVSDUDGDUGRVRFKRH GH LQÀDPDFLyQ GH GHVDUUROOR UiSLGR R SDUD FRQWURODU XQD UURVGHIXHJR MHW¿UHV \NJVSDUDLQFHQGLRVGHFKDUFR 6+-70,+#/' ()' +/,)/(+%E' *)-)"5+/0"' )$' ,07(0$' 0' )58$)0"' )6' TXHFRUUHVSRQGHQDGDUGRVRFKRUURV MHW¿UHV GHP XQDGHFLVLyQLPSRUWDQWHGXUDQWHODH[WLQFLyQGHOLQFHQGLR GHORQJLWXG\DFKDUFRV SRRO GHPVGHVXSHU¿FLHUHVH @)"D'G-+$',%/%,)"',+)"-%6'-C"5+/%6',$02)'80"0'037(0"/%6'0' 8),-+205)/-)E' GLIHUHQFLDUPHMRUORVGLIHUHQWHVFDXGDOHVGHDJXD >/S;/%Q  %I/S;/%PL K&70',%/-"0'+/,)/(+%6'")=7)"+(0'80"0'' %I/S;/%QL LpUPLQRVFODYHHQH[WLQFLyQGHLQFHQGLRV±FDXGDOHV HOHQIULDPLHQWR VHJ~Q1)3$ `%$75)/'()'0&70')58$)0(%'(7"0/-)'7/0'.06-%'()'0&70 10/-+(0('()'0&70'' +/-)"2)/,+#/E' ([SRVLFLyQDOLQFHQGLR ()'08$+,0,+#/.06-%'()'0&70'(+2+(+(%')/-")')$'-+)58%'()' 107(0$'5)(+% +/-)"2)/,+#/E 10$%"'"0(+0/-) OLWURVPLQPV 0i[LPRFDXGDOGLVSRQLEOHHQSXQWDGHODQ]D 107(0$'(+68%/+:$) ?$050'(+"),-0' )/',70$=7+)"'5%5)/-%'()'$0'+/-)"2)/,+#/E OLWURVPLQPV +/,+8+)/-) 0tQLPRFDXGDOGLVSRQLEOHSDUDH[WLQJXLUXQ 107(0$',"I-+,% OLWURVPLQ +/,)/(+%E ?$050'(0"(% FDXGDOGHOFKRUURGH &DXGDOGLVSRQLEOHSDUDH[WLQJXLUXQLQFHQGLR 107(0$'#8-+5% PDQJXHUD ,%/')$'5I/+5%'&06-%'()'0&70E !"#$%&'(")*+,")-.#&'#.+)/0&+(.1&)/"%%"'2)//)3456/578)9:;)&-+*"0+0$=")?0+@2+)A)/BC7)>$+0,)'0'+/-)"20$%6'%'87$60,+%/)6B'6)&7+(%6'()'8)H (ODJXD±GHELGRDVXDOWRFDORUHVSHFt¿FR±HVXQDGHODV "+%(%6'()'/%'08$+,0,+#/E 676-0/,+06'5D6')9),-+20')/'$0'0:6%",+#/'()',0$%"'3'8%"')6)' 8QFDXGDOEDMRDSOLFDGRGXUDQWHPiVWLHPSRQRHVHTXLYDH 5%-+2%'6)'760'80"0')$')/9"+05+)/-%B'07/=7)'-05:+C/'8%"'6)"' $)/-)'0'7/',07(0$'0$-%'08$+,0(%'(7"0/-)'5)/%6'-+)58%E 7/')$)5)/-%'),%/#5+,%'3'8"D,-+,%E *7"0/-)'$0'08$+,0,+#/'()$',07(0$B'6+'$0',080,+(0('()')/9"+0H ?06'-)58)"0-7"06'()'+&/+,+#/'()'$0'503%"'80"-)'()'$%6',%5H 5+)/-%'3'(+$7,+#/'()$'2%$75)/'()'0&70')58$)0(%'/%')6'67H :76-+:$)6'6%/'678)"+%")6'0'$%6'XSY'ž&B'8%"'$%'=7)'6+'$%6',%5H ¿FLHQWHHOLQFHQGLRSXHGHFRQWLQXDUGHVDUUROOiQGRVH EXVWLEOHV H[SXHVWRV VRQ HQIULDGRV KDVWD XQD WHPSHUDWXUD J%3')/'(I0'$06'$0/;06'=7)'7-+$+;0/'$%6'6)"2+,+%6'()':%5:)"%6' DSUR[LPDGDGHž&B')$'8"%,)6%'()',%5:76-+#/',)60"D'3' ,%/6+&7)/'-0500',%/-"0'&"0/()6'+/,)/(+%6')/')680,+%6',)""0(%6E K' 5)(+(0' =7)' )$' ,07(0$' (+68%/+:$)' 6)' ")(7,)B' )$' -+)58%' QHFHVDULRSDUDH[WLQJXLUHOLQFHQGLRVHDODUJDDOFDQ]DQGR 7DPELpQ HV XQD H[FHOHQWH UHVSXHVWD D ORV SUREOHPDV GH 7/0'06I/-%-0'2)"-+,0$')/')$'20$%"'()$',07(0$',"I-+,%E'@+')/'7/0' YHQWLODFLyQ GH HGL¿FLRV R HVSDFLRV FHUUDGRV GRQGH OD DWH RSHUDFLyQ GH H[WLQFLyQ HO FDXGDO GLVSRQLEOH HV LQIHULRU DO 5#69)"0' +/-)"+%"' )6-D' ,0$+)/-)' 3' 8)$+&"%605)/-)' $$)/0' ()' ,07(0$',"I-+,%')$'+/,)/(+%'6#$%'(),0)"D'8%"'6I'5+65%',70/(%' >75%E'K37(0'0'(+65+/7+"'$0',7%-0'()'0,,+()/-)6')/-")'$%6' 6)'0&%-)')$',%5:76-+:$)E ERPEHURV SRU OD WHPLGD H[SORVLyQ R HYROXFLyQ V~ELWD GHO LQFHQGLR ÀDVKRYHU  @)'>0'()5%6-"0(%'=7)'$06',%/(+,+%/)6'()$'+/,)/(+%'08)/06' YDUtDQDSHVDUGHOWUDEDMRFRQWLQXRDSOLFDQGRDJXD\TXH 6LFUHFHODVXSHU¿FLHH[SXHVWDGHXQHOHPHQWRDEVRUEHQWH VyORGHVSXpVGHXQLQWHUYDORGHWLHPSR ODGXUDFLyQGHOD )/' ")$0,+#/' 0' 67' 2%$75)/' 67' ,080,+(0(' ()' 0:6%",+#/' ()' HWDSDGHSOHQRGHVDUUROOR HOLQFHQGLRGHFDH(VXQHUURU ,0$%"'075)/-0E'46-0')6'7/0'$)3'/0-7"0$'=7)'6)'():)'-)/)"' 8)/60"'=7)')/')6-%6',06%6')6'$0'+/-)"2)/,+#/'()'$%6':%5:)H )/',7)/-0E'@)'():)'")8$0/-)0"'6)"+05)/-)'$0'0$-)"/0-+20'()' URVODTXHSURGXFHODH[WLQFLyQ\DTXHHQUHDOLGDGVHGHEH 7-+$+;0"')$',>%""%'8$)/%')/'$0'$7,>0',%/-"0')$'+/,)/(+%B'87)6' 0'$0'076)/,+0'()',%5:76-+:$)'0(+,+%/0$E HOFKRUURSOHQRWLHQHXQDOWRJUDGRGHLQH¿FLHQFLDGHELGRD K75)/-0"' )$' ,07(0$' (+68%/+:$)' ")(7,)' )$' -+)58%' /),)60H ODOLPLWDGDVXSHU¿FLHGHDJXDTXHVHH[SRQHFRQUHODFLyQ ULR SDUD OD H[WLQFLyQ 6H UHGXFH FRQ UDSLGH] DO DXPHQWDU 0$'2%$75)/E )$',07(0$'$+&)"05)/-)'8%"')/,+50'()$',07(0$',"I-+,%'3B'()6H 87C6B'6)'")(7,)')/'5)/%"'5)(+(0E'K'503%"',07(0$B'503%"' &06-%'()'0&70E %"# 0&063$(+#.+1$!&"(!"#(0830 4$' ?/36/;% KE>4M7' ,%"")68%/()' 0$' 5I/+5%' &06-%' ()' 0&70' (ODWDTXHLQGLUHFWRVHUHDOL]DSDUDEXVFDUODH[WLQFLyQSRU 8%6+:$)E VDWXUDFLyQHQYDSRUGHHVSDFLRVFRQ¿QDGRV3XHGHUHDOLH 4$'?/36/;%64.E794S;5'0')58$)0"')/'7/0'+/-)"2)/,+#/'():)' ]DUVHGHVGHHOH[WHULRUGHOD]RQDRSRUHMHPSORDWUDYpV VHU ()'7/0'87)"-0'%'2)/-0/0E'4$',>%""%'()'0&70'/):7$+;0(0'%' T' A%'+/9)"+%"'0$',07(0$'#8-+5%B'6+/%'$%'5D6',)",0/%'8%H /+):$0'()'D/&7$%')6-"),>%'6)'(+"+&)'0$'-),>%'3'6)'57)2)'()' 6+:$)'0'C$E XQODGRDRWURDWUDYpVGHODVSDUHGHV\ORVJDVHVVXSHU¿H T' 6X¿FLHQWH SDUD JDUDQWL]DU OD VHJXULGDG GHO SHUVRQDO ,+0$)6'0'/+2)$'()$'-),>%E' 9")/-)'0'9)/#5)/%6'()'"D8+(%'()60""%$$%E (ODJXDHQFRQWDFWRFRQVXSHU¿FLHVFDOLHQWHVJHQHUDJUDQ (OYDORUGHOFDXGDOySWLPRGHSHQGHGHP~OWLSOHVIDFWRUHV FDQWLGDGGHYDSRUV~ELWDPHQWHJUDFLDVDODJUDQH[SDQVLyQ =7)' 679")' 0$' ,05:+0"' ()' ' )6-0(%E' 46-)' 208%"' )6-D' 0,%5H T' 3RWHQFLDGHOLQFHQGLR WLSRGHFRPEXVWLEOH\JUDGRGH SDxDGR GH XQD H[WUDRUGLQDULD DEVRUFLyQ GH FDORU OR TXH YHQWLODFLyQ  6)' 00,+0';%/06'/%'+58$+,0(06B'30'=7)')$')9),-%'()' GD UHVLGHQFLDO \  /30P SDUD LQFHQGLRV HQ VXSHU¿FLHV SLVWyQ TXH RFDVLRQD OD V~ELWD H[SDQVLyQ GHO YDSRU SXHGH DPSOLDV !P  8"%80&0"')$'+/,)/(+%'>0,+0'D")06'/%'09),-0(06E !"#$%&'(")*+,")-.#&'#.+)/0&+(.1&)/"%%"'2)//)3456/578)9:;)&-+*"0+0$=")?0+@2+)A)/BC7)>$+%6'&06)6E =7)'$06'>0,)/'+(#/)06'80"0',+)"-%'-+8%'()'+/,)/(+%6'3'()6H $Vt DXQTXH HO PHFDQLVPR PiV KDELWXDO GH H[WLQFLyQ HV DFRQVHMDEOHSDUDRWURVSHURDOLJXDOTXHFRQHODJXDVX $0'6%9%,0,+#/'8%"',7:"+,+#/'3')$')/9"+05+)/-%B'$06')687506' )9),-+2+(0('()8)/()')/'&"0/'5)(+(0'()'$0'9%"50')/'=7)'6)' WDPELpQ SXHGHQ WUDEDMDU SRU LQXQGDFLyQ GHVSOD]DQGR HO 08$+=7)/E'?06'8"+/,+80$)6'-C,/+,06')/')$'76%'()')687506'6)' R[tJHQRPLHQWUDVFXEUHQWRGRHOHVSDFLROLEUHSRVLEOH/D GHWDOODQDFRQWLQXDFLyQ &"!"# !3)1+!+-#('+,%/$ 3DUDHMHFXWDUHVWDWpFQLFDHOERPEHURDSXQWDUiVXODQ]D SDUDTXHJROSHHHOVXHORMXVWRHQIUHQWHGHODVXSHU¿FLHGHO LQFHQGLR 'H HVWD IRUPD OD YHORFLGDG GHO ÀXMR GHO FKRUUR 0""06-"0"D'$0')68750'>0,+0')$',%5:76-+:$)')/,)/(+(%'3'$%' H[WLQJXLUi *M/N59%PPL'LC,/+,0'()',7:"+,+#/ &"$"# !3)1+!+-#(%"1(1$)"&$ ?0' -C,/+,0' ()' "):%-)' 6)' 67)$)' 7-+$+;0"' ,%/' $0/;06' )68),IH ¿FDV SDUD HVSXPDV ±HQ IXQFLyQ GH OD H[SDQVLyQ TXH VH :76=7)'3'$0'(+6-0/,+0'=7)'6)'-)/&0'=7)'0$,0/;0"_B'30'=7)'0$' GLULJLUHOFKRUURGHHVSXPDFRQWUDXQREVWiFXOR FRPRXQD SDUHG SHUPLWHTXHODHVSXPDHVFXUUDVREUHHOIXHJR\VH DSOLTXHGHIRUPDVXDYHVREUHODVXSHU¿FLHDH[WLQJXLU6XHH $)'7-+$+;0"6)')/'0=7)$$%6',06%6')/'$%6'=7)'$0'08$+,0,+#/' GLUHFWDGHHVSXPDVREUHODVXSHU¿FLHDIHFWDGD HVWi GHVDFRQVHMDGD SRUTXH SXHGH GLVH 8)"60"' )$' +/,)/(+%B' &)/)"0"' 7/0' ")0,,+#/'=7I5+,0'%'6+5+$0"E *M/N59%PQL'LC,/+,0'()'"):%-) !"#$%&'(")*+,")-.#&'#.+)/0&+(.1&)/"%%"'2)//)3456/578)9:;)&-+*"0+0$=")?0+@2+)A)/BC7)>$++5)/)0'6)'5%2)"D',%5%'7/0'5060' !")6+#/' 107(0$'' 7/+9%"5)' 0' -"02C6' ()' )6,0$)"06B' >7),%6' ()' 06,)/6%")6' %' P)/(+5+)/-% GHWUDEDMR /%5+/0$ ([SDQVLyQ QDYHVVXSHULRUHV(VWHKXPRTXHSXHGHYLDMDUYDULRVSLVRV !")6+#/'' 468750'5  M Pi[LPD SRU FRQGXFWRV LQWHULRUHV HQ HO HGL¿FLR FRQWLHQH &2 OHWDO 107(0$'?!O.FPV 5+/E 80"0'$06'2I,-+506'8%-)/,+0$)6'3'$%6'8"%8+%6'+/-)"2+/+)/-)6E VBf XdY WY  '"%"# 9$#&+/0!+-# %"1 %1$'+-# %"'+&+90 @9%%A WBVY XgS Sd  SBd VVM ]Y  /D 9HQWLODFLyQ SRU 3UHVLyQ 3RVLWLYD 933  KDFH XVR GH OD ,080,+(0('()'$%6'&06)6'()'-)/()"'0$')=7+$+:"+%'()'676'8")H ] VWS fY  6+%/)6E'K$' +/-"%(7,+"' 0+")' )/' 7/' "),+/-%' 6)' &)/)"0' 7/' &"0H fBW VSg gW  GLHQWHSRVLWLYRHQUHODFLyQFRQHOPHGLRH[WHUQRTXHSURYRH ,0'=7)')$'>75%'3'$%6'&06)6'()'$0',%5:76-+#/',%/-)/+(%6')/' )$'+/-)"+%"'60$&0/'>0,+0'7/0';%/0',%/'5)/%")6'8")6+%/)6E /DGLUHFFLyQGHDWDTXHDOIXHJRHQXQUHFLQWRVXMHWRDYHQH '"# 0%/+!0!+-# $'%$!75+!0.$ /0' -+$0,+#/'():)'6)"'8$0/-)0(0'3'$$)20(0'0',0:%'()6()'$06'8%6+H FLRQHVTXHVHHQFXHQWUDQDIDYRUGHODVFRUULHQWHVDÀXHQH &2!#+!0'.$ 9$#&+/0!+-# $# +#!$#.+"' WHV(VWRSHUPLWLUiWUDEDMDUFRQPD\RUIDFLOLGDG\OOHJDUFRQ +#.3'&1+0/$' 8"%/-+-7('0$'9%,%'()$'+/,)/(+%E 7DQ LPSRUWDQWHV VRQ ORV PHGLRV \ WpFQLFDV GH H[WLQFLyQ A%' 6)' ():)' 7-+$+;0"' $06' 0:)"-7"06' ()' 60$+(0' ()' 2)/-+$0,+#/' ,%5%' $06' ,%/(+,+%/)6' ()' 2)/-+$0,+#/' =7)' 09),-0/' (+"),-0H 80"0'+/-"%(7,+"'$I/)06'()'0-0=7)B'8%"=7)'-0$'(+68%6+,+#/'/%' PHQWHDODHIHFWLYLGDGGHORVWUDEDMRVUHDOL]DGRV/RVWUHV 6#$%',%/-"+:73)'0'+58)(+"'$0'9D,+$')20,70,+#/'()$',0$%"B'>75%' WLSRVPiVGHWHUPLQDQWHVVRQORVVLJXLHQWHV 3'&06)6B'6+/%'=7)'$0'8"%3),,+#/'>I("+,0'0,-G0',%5%'2)>I,7H $%'+587$6%"'()')6-%6'8"%(7,-%6'>0,+0'$0'0:)"-7"0'()'-%50'()' 0+")B'=7)')6')$'$7&0"'8%"')$'=7)'8"),+605)/-)'0,,)()/'$%6' '"!"# 9$#&+/0!+-# ;"1+C"#&0/ #0&310/ HIHFWLYRVTXHOXFKDQSRULQJUHVDUDOUHFLQWR(QGH¿QLWLYD /%'>03')20,70,+#/'3'6)'+58+()')$'+/&")6%'()$'8)"6%/0$B'$%' /DYHQWLODFLyQQDWXUDOVHHPSOHD =7)'8)"5+-)'=7)')$'+/,)/(+%'&0/)'-+)58%'3')680,+%E T' 4/'7/0'6+-70,+#/'6+/'&"0/',%58"%5+6%'()',%5:76-+:$)E T' 4/' 7/0' 6+-70,+#/' ,%/' 7/0' ,0"&0' ()' 97)&%' ,%/-"%$0(0' 8%"'$0'$I/)0'()'0&70E T' *7"0/-)'7/0':G6=7)(0'8"+50"+0E' !0"0')2+-0"'=7)')$'05:+)/-)'+/-)"/%'6)0'+/6%6-)/+:$)'80"0' $06'2I,-+506'8%-)/,+0$)6B'6)'():)'-)/)"')/',7)/-0'7/0'2)/H -+$0,+#/':+(+"),,+%/0$E'K/-)6'()'7-+$+;0"$0')6'/),)60"+%'06)H &7"0"'=7)'$0'2)/-+$0,+#/'/%'8"%2%,0"D'7/'+/,")5)/-%'()'$0' PH]FOD LQÀDPDEOH GH JDVHV TXH VH HQFXHQWUD GHQWUR GHO "),+/-%'=7)'6)'2030'0'2)/-+$0"E' @+'$06'0:)"-7"06'=7)'6)'")0$+;0/'80"0'2)/-+$0"'7/'"),+/-%'+/H GXVWULDOQRVRQORVX¿FLHQWHPHQWHJUDQGHVFRPRSDUDSHUH 5+-+"'7/0'60$+(0',%/6-0/-)'3'()')/2)"&0(7"0'80"0'$%6'&06)6' 0,757$0(%6B'6)'8%("D'8"%2%,0"'7/0',0-0$+;0,+#/'()'$0'8+H UyOLVLV\XQDLQWHQVL¿FDFLyQGHOLQFHQGLRGHULYDGDGHp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pUPLFD 6LQ HPEDUJR ODV H[SRVLFLRQHV SURORQJDGDV !"!"%"# &+%"(4(!0#&+.0.(.$(!",)3'&+)/$ SURYRFDQ¿VXUDV\GHVFRQFKDPLHQWRVTXHGHELOLWDQOD HVWUXFWXUDDOGHMDUH[SXHVWDODDUPDGXUDGHDFHUR 4$'90,-%"'5D6'+58%"-0/-)'80"0',70$=7+)"'-+8%'()'+/,)/(+%B'30' T' /DVHVWUXFWXUDVGHPDGHUDVRQLQÀDPDEOHV\SXHGHQ 6)0'+/(76-"+0$B'()'2+2+)/(0B'()'2)>I,7$%'7'%-"%6B')6')$'-+8%'()' 08%"-0"' ,%5:76-+:$)' 0$' +/,)/(+%E' !")6)/-0/' 7/0' :7)H ,%5:76-+:$)'3'67',0/-+(0(E /0')6-0:+$+(0(')6-"7,-7"0$'+/,$76%')/'$$0506'3'6#$%',%/' 10(0' ,%5:76-+:$)' %9"),)' 7/' /+2)$' ()' ,0"&0' ()' 97)&%' )/H )$'-+)58%B',70/(%')$'+/,)/(+%'&)/)"0'7/0'8C"(+(0'()' -)/(+)/(%'=7)B')/'$0'503%"I0'()'$%6',06%6B'6)"D/'()'-+8%' 6),,+#/B' $0' )6-"7,-7"0' 6)' ():+$+-0E'K>%"0' :+)/B' /%' 6%/' PHGLR R EDMR VDOYR HQ ODV LQGXVWULDV TXtPLFDV WDOOHUHV \' HVWUXFWXUDVKDELWXDOHVHQHGL¿FLRVLQGXVWULDOHV 9D:"+,06'()'8+/-7"0B':0"/+,)6B'90:"+,0,+#/'8+"%-C,/+,0'3'6+5+H +D\TXHWHQHUHQFXHQWDTXHODVUHJODVIXQGDPHQWDGDVH[H $0")6B'=7)'6)"D/'()'/+2)$'0$-%E ,$76+205)/-)')/')$'-+8%'()'50-)"+0$'")67$-0/'6+58$+6-06E'46' QHFHVDULRFRQVLGHUDUPXFKRVRWURVHOHPHQWRV !"$"# +.$#&+5+!0!+-#(.$(0!!+"#$'(%1+"1+&01+0' T' (OVLVWHPDGHHTXLOLEULRGHODHVWUXFWXUD HVWiWLFRRKLH !"$"!"# $90!30!+-#(.$("!3%0#&$' SHUHVWiWLFR  (QODVLQGXVWULDVVLHPSUHGHEHH[LVWLUXQ3ODQGH$XWRSURH -),,+#/' %' !$0/' ()' 45)"&)/,+0' =7)' ():)' +/(+,0"' 7/' 87/-%' ()')/,7)/-"%'80"0'$%6')20,70(%6'3'7/'")68%/60:$)'()'(+H ,>%'8$0/E'170/(%'$%6'2)>I,7$%6'()')5)"&)/,+06'$$)&0/'0$' 6+/+)6-"%B'/%"50$5)/-)'$0')20,70,+#/'3')$'"),7)/-%'()'$%6' WUDEDMDGRUHVWDQWRLQWHUQRVFRPRH[WHUQRVGHODHPSUHVD 6)'>0'")0$+;0(%E'*)'/%'6)"'06IB'6)"D'$%'8"+5)"%'=7)'6)'():)' FRPXQLFDUDOPDQGRGHODLQWHUYHQFLyQSDUDTXHSODQL¿TXH $0' 0,-70,+#/' ,%/6+()"0/(%' $0' 8%6+:+$+(0(' ()' =7)' >7:+)"0' 2I,-+506'+/2%$7,"0(06E !"$"$"# )B'63$.0(4(10'&1$"

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser