Ecology Unit 1B Test 2018 PDF

Name: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Date: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Period: \_\_\_\_\_\_ **Ecology Unit 1B Test** B -- -- -- -- **FOOD WEBS** 1. a. evolution ---- ----------------------- b. pho...

Name: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Date: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Period: \_\_\_\_\_\_ **Ecology Unit 1B Test** B -- -- -- -- **FOOD WEBS** 1. a. evolution ---- ----------------------- b. photosynthesis c. a food chain d. ecological succession 2. a. The weight and color of each type of scavenger ---- -------------------------------------------------- b. The size and number of each species of fish c. The temperature and oxygen content of the water d. The number of each type of producer and consumer 3. a. decomposers ---- ------------- b. omnivores c. autotrophs d. producers **Nutritional relationships between organisms are shown in the diagram below. Use the diagram to answer the next question.** 4. a. trees and grass ---- -------------------------- b. mouse, snake, and hawk c. mouse, deer, and cricket d. cricket, frog, and deer 5. a. bacteria ---- --------------------- b. frogs c. fresh-water algae d. inorganic sediments **Directions: Use the diagram below for the next three (3) items.** 6. a. 1 ---- --- b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 7. a. There is more available energy ---- -------------------------------------------------- b. There is no energy change between trophic levels c. The amount of energy remains constant d. There is less available energy 8. a. 1 ---- --- b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 **Use the forest food web diagram below to answer questions 9 and 10.**  9. a. Carnivore ---- ----------- b. Herbivore c. Omnivore d. Scavenger 10. a. If the grasshopper population increases, then the mice population will probably decrease. ---- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- b. If the squirrel population decreases, then the tree population will probably decrease. c. If the hawk population decreases, then the snake population will probably decrease. d. If the grass population increases, then the sparrow population will probably decrease. \~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\~ **Use the following passage to answer questions 11, 12 and 13.**   **Sea Otters Are Playing With the Wrong Whales**   The population of playful sea otters is in steep decline over a large part of western Alaska. Hungry killer whales appear to be the cause, according to a team of U.S. and Canadian scientists. The decline in the sea otter population has created problems for the ecosystem. Sea otters prey upon sea urchins. Sea urchins feed on kelp, a type of seaweed. Kelp provides protection for many types of fish and other small animals. Scientists visited parts of western Alaska to study the ecosystem. They wanted to find out what caused the otter populations to suddenly drop. They witnessed more than a dozen attacks on otters by killer whales. It seems that killer whales have developed a taste for otters. After ruling out other possible causes, the team of scientists determined that whales were the chief reasons for thousands of otter deaths and an overall 90 percent decrease in otter populations in Alaska's Aleutian Islands. What has caused the killer whales to suddenly change their diet? Scientists believe the cause may be linked to decreases in the numbers of seals and sea lions. These animals had been the preferred diet of the whales. The disappearance of the seals and sea lions appears to be linked to over-harvesting of fish by humans. 11. a. Otters ---- --------------- b. Sea lions c. Polar bears d. Killer whales 12. a. More sea otters would be eaten by sea urchins. ---- ------------------------------------------------ b. The sea otter population would increase. c. The sea otter population would decrease. d. Sea otters would learn to eat killer whales. 13. a. The killer whales are eating more seals and sea lions. ---- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- b. Kelp is an important organism in the food web. c. The sea otter population has greatly decreased from what it was. d. Killer whale attacks on sea otters are caused by changes in the food web. **Use the energy pyramid diagram below to answer questions 14, 15 and 16.** Energy pyramid in an oceanic ecosystem  14. a. giant sea bass ---- ---------------- b. sheephead c. sea urchin d. kelp 15. a. Both the kelp and the sheephead populations would increase. ---- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- b. Both the kelp and sheephead populations would decrease. c. The kelp population would increase, and the sheephead population would decrease. d. The kelp population would decrease, and the sheephead population would increase. 16. a. 1% ---- ------ b. 10% c. 500% d. 100% +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | **ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION** | | | | | | 17. | | | | | | a. Lichens are pioneer specie | | | s that form soil from rock. | | | ---- -------------------------- | | | --------------------------------- | | | b. Lichens decompose organic | | | matter from animals and plants. | | | c. Lichens are nitrogen-fixin | | | g bacteria. | | | d. Lichens convert carbohydra | | | tes into fossil fuels. | | | | | | 1. 18\. Which of the following i | | | s | | | an example of primary | | | succession? | | | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | a. | the recovery | | | | | | of | | | | | | Yellowstone | | | | | | National | | | | | | Park after | | | | | | the forest | | | | | | fire | | | | +==============+==============+ | | | | b. | the | | | | | | appearance | | | | | | of lichens | | | | | | after a | | | | | | glacier | | | | | | melts away | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | c. | the growth | | | | | | of trees in | | | | | | a field | | | | | | after a | | | | | | farmer stops | | | | | | using the | | | | | | field | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | d. | the growth | | | | | | of weeds in | | | | | | an empty lot | | | | | | that is no | | | | | | longer being | | | | | | mowed | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | a. | | | | | | Humans h | | | | | | ave modified | | | | | | the environ | | | | | | ment through | | | | | | technology | | | | | | and pollutio | | | | | | n | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | b. | | | | | | Climax c | | | | | | ommunities d | | | | | | o not develo | | | | | | p in aquatic | | | | | | habitats | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | c. | | | | | | Successi | | | | | | on involves | | | | | | only changes | | | | | | in plant sp | | | | | | ecies | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | d. | | | | | | Ecosy | | | | | | stems tend t | | | | | | o change ove | | | | | | r time until | | | | | | a stable sy | | | | | | stem is form | | | | | | ed | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | a. | | | | | | Primary | | | | | | succession i | | | | | | s slow; seco | | | | | | ndary succes | | | | | | sion is rapi | | | | | | d | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | b. | | | | | | Secondar | | | | | | y succession | | | | | | begins on r | | | | | | ock; primary | | | | | | succession | | | | | | begins on su | | | | | | rfaces with | | | | | | soil | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | c. | | | | | | Primary | | | | | | succession m | | | | | | odified the | | | | | | environment; | | | | | | secondary s | | | | | | uccession do | | | | | | es not | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | d. | | | | | | Secondar | | | | | | y succession | | | | | | begins with | | | | | | lichens; pr | | | | | | imary succes | | | | | | sion begins | | | | | | with trees | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | **The next | | | | | | three items | | | | | | are based on | | | | | | the diagram | | | | | | below, which | | | | | | shows the | | | | | | sequence of | | | | | | plant | | | | | | communities | | | | | | that have | | | | | | occupied | | | | | | land that | | | | | | was left | | | | | | barren 300 | | | | | | years ago.** | | | | | | | | | | | | a. grass | | | | | | es and weeds | | | | | | ---- ----- | | | | | | ------------ | | | | | | ------------ | | | | | | b. liche | | | | | | n and mosses | | | | | | c. everg | | | | | | reen and pin | | | | | | e trees | | | | | | d. beech | | | | | | and sugar m | | | | | | aple trees | | | | | | | | | | | | a. mosse | | | | | | s | | | | | | ---- ----- | | | | | | -------- | | | | | | b. pine | | | | | | trees | | | | | | c. liche | | | | | | ns | | | | | | d. beech | | | | | | trees | | | | | | | | | | | | a. aquat | | | | | | ic successio | | | | | | n | | | | | | ---- ----- | | | | | | ------------ | | | | | | ----- | | | | | | b. prima | | | | | | ry successio | | | | | | n | | | | | | c. secon | | | | | | dary success | | | | | | ion | | | | | | d. pione | | | | | | er successio | | | | | | n | | | | | | | | | | | | a. Herbi | | | | | | vores that s | | | | | | urvive move | | | | | | to other for | | | | | | ests | | | | | | ---- ----- | | | | | | ------------ | | | | | | ------------ | | | | | | ------------ | | | | | | ------------ | | | | | | ------------ | | | | | | --- | | | | | | b. Carni | | | | | | vores that s | | | | | | urvive cause | | | | | | a decline i | | | | | | n the produc | | | | | | er populatio | | | | | | n | | | | | | c. Plant | | | | | | seeds that | | | | | | survive begi | | | | | | n to grow | | | | | | d. Produ | | | | | | cers that do | | | | | | not survive | | | | | | create more | | | | | | space for c | | | | | | arnivores | | | | | | | | | | | | a. grass | | | | | | es \--\> mos | | | | | | ses \--\> tr | | | | | | ees \--\> bu | | | | | | shes | | | | | | ---- ----- | | | | | | ------------ | | | | | | ------------ | | | | | | ------------ | | | | | | ------ | | | | | | b. mosse | | | | | | s \--\> gras | | | | | | ses \--\> sh | | | | | | rubs \--\> t | | | | | | rees | | | | | | c. bushe | | | | | | s \--\> gras | | | | | | ses \--\> tr | | | | | | ees \--\> mo | | | | | | sses | | | | | | d. trees | | | | | | \--\> mosse | | | | | | s \--\> gras | | | | | | ses \--\> bu | | | | | | shes | | | | | | | | | | | | 26\. Which | | | | | | of these | | | | | | statements | | | | | | describes | | | | | | how an | | | | | | ecosystem | | | | | | becomes | | | | | | more | | | | | | stable? | | | | | | | | | | | | a. Natur | | | | | | al disasters | | | | | | occur. | | | | | | ---- ----- | | | | | | ------------ | | | | | | ------------ | | | | | | ------------ | | | | | | b. More | | | | | | predators mo | | | | | | ve into the | | | | | | ecosystem. | | | | | | c. Compe | | | | | | tition occur | | | | | | s between sp | | | | | | ecies. | | | | | | d. More | | | | | | biodiversity | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | \~\~\~\~\~\~ | | | | | | \~\~\~\~\~\~ | | | | | | \~\~\~\~\~\~ | | | | | | \~\~\~\~ | | | | | | | | | | | | **Use the | | | | | | diagram to | | | | | | the right to | | | | | | answer | | | | | | question | | | | | | 27.** | | | | | | | | | | | | 27\. When | | | | | | the Mount | | | | | | St. Helens | | | | | | volcano | | | | | | erupted, | | | | | | the blast | | | | | | covered | | | | | | much of | | | | | | the | | | | | | surrounding | | | | | | area with | | | | | | ash. Based | | | | | | on the | | | | | | diagram | | | | | | above, | | | | | | which list | | | | | | shows the | | | | | | sequence | | | | | | of primary | | | | | | succession | | | | | | that | | | | | | followed | | | | | | that | | | | | | eruption? | | | | | | | | | | | | a. X, Y, | | | | | | W | | | | | | ---- ----- | | | | | | ---- | | | | | | b. X, W, | | | | | | Y | | | | | | c. W, Y, | | | | | | X | | | | | | d. Y, W, | | | | | | X | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | | | **POPULATIONS and INVASIVE | | | SPECIES** | | | | | | 28\. What is a biotic factor | | | that affects the size of a | | | population in a specific | | | ecosystem? | | | | | | a. number and kinds of predat | | | ors in the ecosystem | | | ---- -------------------------- | | | ---------------------- | | | b. type of soil in the ecosys | | | tem | | | c. average temperature of the | | | ecosystem | | | d. concentration of oxygen in | | | the ecosystem | | | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | | | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | | | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | | **Use the | | | | | | following | | | | | | graph to | | | | | | answer | | | | | | questions | | | | | | 29, 30 and | | | | | | 31.** | | | | | | | | | | | | 29\. What | | | | | | is the | | | | | | carrying | | | | | | capacity | | | | | | of this | | | | | | population | | | | | | of deer? | | | | | | | | | | | | a. 45 de | | | | | | er | | | | | | ---- ----- | | | | | | ---- | | | | | | b. 50 de | | | | | | er | | | | | | c. 70 de | | | | | | er | | | | | | d. 25 de | | | | | | er | | | | | | | | | | | | 30. | | | | | | Approximatel | | | | | | y | | | | | | how many | | | | | | years does | | | | | | it take for | | | | | | the deer | | | | | | population | | | | | | to reach | | | | | | carrying | | | | | | capacity?![] | | | | | | (media/image | | | | | | 4.png) | | | | | | | | | | | | a. \~ 2 | | | | | | years | | | | | | ---- ----- | | | | | | ------- | | | | | | b. \~ 5 | | | | | | years | | | | | | c. \~ 7 | | | | | | years | | | | | | d. \~ 3 | | | | | | years | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 31. A new | | | | | | housing | | | | | | development | | | | | | has greatly | | | | | | encroached | | | | | | (invaded) on | | | | | | the habitat | | | | | | of the deer | | | | | | represented | | | | | | in the graph | | | | | | leading to | | | | | | less | | | | | | availability | | | | | | of food and | | | | | | shelter. | | | | | | What will | | | | | | happen to | | | | | | the carrying | | | | | | capacity of | | | | | | the | | | | | | population? | | | | | | | | | | | | a. It wi | | | | | | ll increase | | | | | | ---- ----- | | | | | | ------------ | | | | | | -------- | | | | | | b. It wi | | | | | | ll decrease | | | | | | c. It wi | | | | | | ll remain th | | | | | | e same | | | | | | | | | | | | **Use the | | | | | | following | | | | | | diagram to | | | | | | answer | | | | | | question | | | | | | 32.** | | | | | | | | | | | | a. Curve | | | | | | A | | | | | | ---- ----- | | | | | | ---------- | | | | | | b. Curve | | | | | | B | | | | | | c. Both | | | | | | Curves | | | | | | d. Neith | | | | | | er Curve | | | | | | | | | | | | 33\. If the | | | | | | size of a | | | | | | population | | | | | | remains | | | | | | the same, | | | | | | what does | | | | | | it | | | | | | indicate | | | | | | about | | | | | | birth and | | | | | | death | | | | | | rates | | | | | | within the | | | | | | population? | | | | | | | | | | | | a. death | | | | | | rates are g | | | | | | reater than | | | | | | birth rates | | | | | | ---- ----- | | | | | | ------------ | | | | | | ------------ | | | | | | ------------ | | | | | | ------------ | | | | | | ------------ | | | | | | --- | | | | | | b. birth | | | | | | rates are g | | | | | | reater than | | | | | | death rates | | | | | | c. birth | | | | | | rates and d | | | | | | eath rates a | | | | | | re equal | | | | | | d. there | | | | | | are no birt | | | | | | hs and no de | | | | | | aths occurri | | | | | | ng within th | | | | | | is populatio | | | | | | n | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | | | 34\. What is the most likely | | | explanation for the rapid | | | population increase in toads? | | | | | | a. Cane toads have a high dea | | | th rate. | | | ---- -------------------------- | | | --------------------- | | | b. Cane toads have few predat | | | ors in Australia. | | | c. Additional toad species ha | | | ve been introduced. | | | d. There is an increase in to | | | ad competitors. | | | | | |  | | | | | | **Use the following graph of two | | | species of paramecium to answer | | | questions 35, 36 and 37.** | | | | | | a. 100 | | | ---- ----- | | | b. 150 | | | c. 50 | | | d. 200 | | | | | | a. 100 | | | ---- ----- | | | b. 200 | | | c. 125 | | | d. 50 | | | | | | a. *P. aurelia* | | | ---- -------------------------- | | | ------------- | | | b. *P. caudatum* | | | c. Impossible to determine fr | | | om the data | | | | | | -- -- | | | | | | | | | | | | -- -- | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+