Analysis of Urine and Body Fluids - Module 4 PDF

(Clinical Microscopy) MODULE 4 Ruth Abigail S. Contante, RMT, LPT Instructor ANALYSIS OF URINE AND BODY FLUIDS - Module 4 MODULE 4 – PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF URINE The physical examination of urine includes the...

(Clinical Microscopy) MODULE 4 Ruth Abigail S. Contante, RMT, LPT Instructor ANALYSIS OF URINE AND BODY FLUIDS - Module 4 MODULE 4 – PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF URINE The physical examination of urine includes the determination of the urine color, clarity, and specific gravity. As mentioned in Module 3, early physicians based many medical decisions on the color and clarity of urine. Today, observation of these characteristics provides preliminary information concerning disorders such as glomerular bleeding, liver disease, inborn errors of metabolism, and urinary tract infection. Measurement of specific gravity aids in the evaluation of renal tubular function. The results of the physical portion of the urinalysis also can be used to confirm or to explain findings in the chemical and microscopic areas of urinalysis. Upon completion of this module, you should be able to: 1. List the common terminology used to report normal urine color. 2. Discuss the relationship of urochrome to normal urine color. 3. State the clinical significance of urine clarity. 4. List three pathologic and four nonpathologic causes of cloudy urine. 5. Define specific gravity, and tell why this measurement can be significant in the routine analysis. 6. Describe the principles of the urinometer, refractometer, and harmonic oscillation densitometry methods for determining specific gravity. 7. Given the concentration of glucose and protein 8. in a specimen, calculate the correction needed to compensate for these high-molecular-weight substances in the refractometer specific gravity reading. 9. State possible causes of abnormal urine odor. TERM DEFINITION Physical having material existence : perceptible especially through the senses and (Meriam Webster Dictionary) subject to the laws of nature 1. URINE VOLUME ROUTINE UA: Depends on the body’s state of hydration Volume Required = 10-15mL Factors that influence urine volume  For urinometry and reagent strip o Fluid intake o Fluid loss from non-renal sources o Variations in ADH o Necessity to excrete increased amounts of dissolved solids such as glucose or salts NORMAL URINE OUTPUT (24 hrs) 600 to 2000 mL AVERAGE URINE OUTPUT 1200 to 1500 mL NIGHT:DAY RATIO 1:2 to 1:3 1|Page For educational purposes only and no copyright infringement intended. ANALYSIS OF URINE AND BODY FLUIDS - Module 4 VARIATIONS in URINE VOLUME: OLIGURIA – DECREASE in urine output -