Atom Test PDF

Extended Multiple Choice Test: Unit 2 Atom ========================================== Q1: Which of the following best describes physics? - a\) The study of space and time - b\) The study of matter and energy - c\) The study of chemicals and molecules - d\) The study of living organisms...

Extended Multiple Choice Test: Unit 2 Atom ========================================== Q1: Which of the following best describes physics? - a\) The study of space and time - b\) The study of matter and energy - c\) The study of chemicals and molecules - d\) The study of living organisms Q2: Which of the following is NOT a form of energy? - a\) Mechanical - b\) Chemical - c\) Radiology - d\) Electrical Q3: True or False: Energy is measured in Joules (J). - True - False Q4: What are the two forms of mechanical energy most used in radiologic science? - a\) Electrical and Solar - b\) Potential and Kinetic - c\) Thermal and Nuclear - d\) Chemical and Electromagnetic Q5: Kinetic energy is defined as: - a\) Energy in motion - b\) Energy at rest - c\) Stored energy - d\) The ability to do work Q6: True or False: Potential energy is the ability to do work by virtue of position. - True - False Q7: According to the Law of Conservation of Energy, which statement is true? - a\) Energy can be created and destroyed - b\) Energy can be transformed but cannot be created or destroyed - c\) Energy cannot be transformed - d\) Energy always remains in the same form Q8: What does Einstein\'s equation E=mc² represent? - a\) The energy-mass equivalence - b\) The speed of light squared - c\) Conservation of momentum - d\) The kinetic energy formula Q9: What is radiation? - a\) Energy that can be stored in atoms - b\) Energy emitted and transferred through space - c\) A form of mechanical energy - d\) Energy that stays within an object Q10: The Bohr model of the atom is best described as: - a\) A flat plane of electrons - b\) A cluster of electrons and protons randomly positioned - c\) A miniature solar system - d\) Electrons only revolving around a neutron Q11: True or False: An atom is made up of electrons, protons, and neutrons. - True - False Q12: What happens when the number of protons in an atom equals the number of electrons? - a\) The atom is unstable - b\) The atom becomes a molecule - c\) The atom is neutral - d\) The atom ionizes Q13: Which shell is closest to the nucleus? - a\) K - b\) L - c\) M - d\) N Q14: What is electron binding energy (Eb)? - a\) The energy of the nucleus - b\) How tightly the electron is held in its shell - c\) The number of protons in an atom - d\) The force keeping the atom together Q15: What is the valence shell? - a\) The innermost shell - b\) The outermost shell - c\) The nucleus of an atom - d\) A type of electron Q16: How many electrons can exist in the 5th shell (O shell)? - a\) 32 - b\) 16 - c\) 50 - d\) 8 Q17: True or False: According to the Octet Rule, the outer shell of a stable atom can never contain more than eight electrons. - True - False Q18: What is centripetal force in atomic theory? - a\) The force that repels electrons - b\) The force that keeps electrons in orbit - c\) The force that causes atoms to ionize - d\) The energy emitted by an atom Q19: True or False: X-rays are a form of ionizing radiation. - True - False Q20: What is produced after ionization occurs? - a\) A molecule - b\) An ion pair - c\) A proton-electron pair - d\) A neutron-proton pair Q21: The chemical properties of an atom are determined by: - a\) The number of neutrons - b\) The arrangement of protons - c\) The number and arrangement of electrons - d\) The mass of the atom Q22: Which element is represented by the symbol \'C\' in radiology? - a\) Calcium - b\) Carbon - c\) Chlorine - d\) Cobalt Q23: What does an ionic bond involve? - a\) The sharing of electrons - b\) The attraction between opposite charges - c\) The loss of neutrons - d\) The absorption of energy Q24: True or False: A molecule is the smallest part of an element. - True - False Q25: What are the building blocks of matter? - a\) Molecules and cells - b\) Atoms and molecules - c\) Protons and electrons - d\) Neutrons and protons Q26: Which of the following forms of energy is used in radiology? - a\) Solar - b\) Electrical - c\) Mechanical - d\) Thermal Q27: Which form of energy is defined as the ability to do work? - a\) Potential energy - b\) Kinetic energy - c\) Mechanical energy - d\) Energy Q28: True or False: Electromagnetic energy is used in the production of x-rays. - True - False Q29: Which form of energy is involved when electrons are accelerated to produce x-rays? - a\) Solar energy - b\) Nuclear energy - c\) Electrical energy - d\) Chemical energy Q30: What type of radiation is capable of ionizing atoms? - a\) Non-ionizing radiation - b\) Infrared radiation - c\) Ultraviolet radiation - d\) Ionizing radiation Q31: In the Bohr atomic model, where are the electrons located? - a\) Inside the nucleus - b\) Orbiting around the nucleus - c\) Randomly scattered - d\) In pairs with neutrons Q32: True or False: An electron in the K shell has the greatest binding energy. - True - False Q33: Which force keeps electrons in orbit around the nucleus? - a\) Gravitational force - b\) Centripetal force - c\) Magnetic force - d\) Nuclear force Q34: How many neutrons does 138Ba have? - a\) 56 - b\) 58 - c\) 82 - d\) 76 Q35: Which type of bond involves the sharing of electrons? - a\) Ionic bond - b\) Covalent bond - c\) Hydrogen bond - d\) Metallic bond Q36: True or False: The smallest part of a compound is a molecule. - True - False Q37: Which element has an atomic number of 6? - a\) Nitrogen - b\) Oxygen - c\) Carbon - d\) Helium Q38: What does the atomic number (Z) of an element represent? - a\) The number of protons - b\) The number of electrons - c\) The number of neutrons - d\) The atomic mass Q39: True or False: The nucleus of an atom contains protons and electrons. - True - False Q40: What is the maximum number of electrons that can exist in the third shell (M shell)? - a\) 18 - b\) 32 - c\) 8 - d\) 50 Q41: Which type of bond forms between sodium and chlorine in table salt (NaCl)? - a\) Covalent bond - b\) Ionic bond - c\) Metallic bond - d\) Hydrogen bond Q42: True or False: The outermost shell of an atom is called the valence shell. - True - False Q43: What charge does a proton carry? - a\) Neutral - b\) Positive - c\) Negative - d\) Varies Q44: True or False: An atom is neutral when it has an equal number of protons and electrons. - True - False Answers and Rationales ====================== Q1: Answer: b Rationale: Rationale: Physics deals with matter and energy. Q2: Answer: c Rationale: Rationale: Radiology is not an energy form; it\'s a medical imaging technique. Q3: Answer: True Rationale: Rationale: Energy is measured in Joules. Q4: Answer: b Rationale: Rationale: Potential and kinetic energies are commonly used in radiologic science. Q5: Answer: a Rationale: Rationale: Kinetic energy is energy in motion. Q6: Answer: True Rationale: Rationale: Potential energy is based on position. Q7: Answer: b Rationale: Rationale: Energy transforms but can\'t be created or destroyed. Q8: Answer: a Rationale: Rationale: This equation shows the relationship between energy and mass. Q9: Answer: b Rationale: Rationale: Radiation is energy emitted and transferred through space. Q10: Answer: c Rationale: Rationale: Bohr\'s model is like a solar system with electrons orbiting the nucleus. Q11: Answer: True Rationale: Rationale: Atoms contain electrons, protons, and neutrons. Q12: Answer: c Rationale: Rationale: An atom with equal protons and electrons is neutral. Q13: Answer: a Rationale: Rationale: The K shell is closest to the nucleus. Q14: Answer: b Rationale: Rationale: Eb is how tightly the electron is held in its shell. Q15: Answer: b Rationale: Rationale: The valence shell is the outermost shell. Q16: Answer: c Rationale: Rationale: 50 electrons can exist in the 5th shell (2N²). Q17: Answer: True Rationale: Rationale: The Octet Rule limits the valence shell to 8 electrons. Q18: Answer: b Rationale: Rationale: Centripetal force keeps electrons in orbit. Q19: Answer: True Rationale: Rationale: X-rays can ionize atoms. Q20: Answer: b Rationale: Rationale: Ionization produces an ion pair. Q21: Answer: c Rationale: Rationale: Chemical properties depend on electrons\' number and arrangement. Q22: Answer: b Rationale: Rationale: \'C\' represents Carbon. Q23: Answer: b Rationale: Rationale: Ionic bonds form between opposite charges. Q24: Answer: False Rationale: Rationale: Atoms are the smallest part of elements; molecules are for compounds. Q25: Answer: b Rationale: Rationale: Atoms and molecules are the fundamental building blocks of matter. Q26: Answer: b Rationale: Rationale: Electrical energy is used to produce electromagnetic energy in radiology. Q27: Answer: d Rationale: Rationale: Energy is the ability to do work. Q28: Answer: True Rationale: Rationale: X-rays are a form of electromagnetic energy. Q29: Answer: c Rationale: Rationale: Electrical energy accelerates electrons to produce x-rays. Q30: Answer: d Rationale: Rationale: Ionizing radiation can remove electrons from atoms. Q31: Answer: b Rationale: Rationale: Electrons orbit around the nucleus in prescribed energy levels. Q32: Answer: True Rationale: Rationale: The K shell is closest to the nucleus, thus having the greatest binding energy. Q33: Answer: b Rationale: Rationale: Centripetal force keeps electrons in orbit due to the attraction between opposite charges. Q34: Answer: b Rationale: Rationale: 138Ba has 138-56=58 neutrons. Q35: Answer: b Rationale: Rationale: Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms. Q36: Answer: True Rationale: Rationale: Molecules are the smallest part of a compound. Q37: Answer: c Rationale: Rationale: Carbon has an atomic number of 6. Q38: Answer: a Rationale: Rationale: The atomic number represents the number of protons in an element\'s nucleus. Q39: Answer: False Rationale: Rationale: The nucleus contains protons and neutrons, while electrons orbit around it. Q40: Answer: a Rationale: Rationale: Using the formula 2N², the third shell can hold a maximum of 18 electrons. Q41: Answer: b Rationale: Rationale: Sodium and chlorine form an ionic bond due to the transfer of an electron. Q42: Answer: True Rationale: Rationale: The valence shell is the outermost electron shell of an atom. Q43: Answer: b Rationale: Rationale: Protons have a positive charge. Q44: Answer: True Rationale: Rationale: Atoms are neutral when the number of positive charges (protons) equals the number of negative charges (electrons).