Java Programming Assignment PDF

Assignment of Java Important Instructions: Objective: The objective of this assignment is to test your understanding of core Java concepts related to classes, objects, and inheritance. You will answer theoretical questions and write Java code snippets to demonstrate your knowledge. Assignment Guide...

Assignment of Java Important Instructions: Objective: The objective of this assignment is to test your understanding of core Java concepts related to classes, objects, and inheritance. You will answer theoretical questions and write Java code snippets to demonstrate your knowledge. Assignment Guidelines: 1. Answer Structure: o For theoretical questions, provide clear and concise explanations. o Use examples wherever possible to illustrate your answers. o For coding questions, write Java code in a clear and readable format, including comments to explain key sections of the code. 2. Your assignment will be graded based on the following: o Understanding of Concepts: Accuracy and completeness of answers. o Code Quality: Code readability, correct syntax, adherence to Java best practices, and clear use of object-oriented principles. o Clarity and Presentation: Clear explanations, use of examples, proper formatting. 1. Explain the purpose of the this keyword in Java. Give an example where this is used to avoid ambiguity. 2. Describe the concept of inheritance in Java. How does it support code reuse? 3. What is the difference between method overloading and method overriding in Java? Provide an example where each would be useful. 4. What is the significance of the super keyword in Java? How does it differ from this? 5. Explain single and multilevel inheritance in Java. Can Java support multiple inheritance for classes? Why or why not? 6. What are the differences between a constructor and a method in Java? Can constructors be overloaded? Explain with an example. 7. Describe polymorphism in Java. How is polymorphism implemented through method overriding? 8. What is the difference between an instance variable and a static variable in Java? 9. Suppose you have a Vehicle class with start() and stop() methods.How would you design a Car and Bike class that inherit from Vehicle and override the start() method to provide specific implementations? 10. Imagine you have a Library system with a class Book. You need a method to search for books by title, author, or ISBN.How would you implement method overloading for this search functionality? 11. You are building an application that manages employees. Each Employee has a name and salary. There are two types of employees: Manager and Developer. Both types of employees should have a calculateBonus() method, but managers get a higher  bonus.How would you implement this structure using inheritance and method overriding? 12. Consider a base class Animal with a method makeSound(). You have classes Dog, Cat, and Cow that should each implement makeSound() with their own unique sounds.Describe how polymorphism and method overriding are applied in this scenario. 13. In a library management system, you have a class Person with attributes name and id. You need to create subclasses Librarian and Member.How would you use inheritance to design this, ensuring that each subclass has unique behaviors? 14. You have a class Rectangle with a method area() that calculates the area. You want to create a Square class that extends Rectangle.How can you ensure that the Square class calculates the area correctly, without overriding the area() method in the Rectangle class? 15. Consider a Product class with attributes name, price, and discount(). Now, create a subclass Electronics with a specific discount for electronic products.Describe how you would use inheritance and method overriding for the discount() method in the subclass. 16. Create a Java class named Person with fields for name and age. o Add a constructor to initialize these fields. o Then create a subclass Student that inherits from Person and has an additional field for grade. o Demonstrate using super to call the constructor of Person from Student. 17. Write a Java program that demonstrates method overloading. Create a class Calculator with methods add() that can accept two, three, or four integer parameters and return their sum. 18. Implement a class Animal with a method sound(). Create subclasses Dog, Cat, and Bird that override sound() with their specific sounds. a. Create an Animal array to hold instances of Dog, Cat, and Bird, and use a loop to call sound() on each element, demonstrating polymorphism. 19. Design a base class Shape with an area() method that returns 0. a. Create subclasses Circle and Rectangle, each with its own attributes (like radius for Circle, and length and width for Rectangle). b. Override the area() method in each subclass to calculate and return the area specific to that shape. 20. Create a class hierarchy for a Bank application. a. Define a base class BankAccount with a method withdraw(). b. Create subclasses SavingsAccount and CheckingAccount. In SavingsAccount, limit the number of withdrawals allowed, and in CheckingAccount, add an overdraft limit. c. Override withdraw() in each subclass to include these specific behaviors. 1. What is the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), and why is it important for Java? 2. Explain the difference between JDK, JRE, and JVM. 3. Describe the purpose of the public static void main(String[] args) method in Java. 4. What is the difference between == and.equals() in Java? 5. List the eight primitive data types in Java and provide examples of each. 6. Explain what type casting is in Java. Provide an example of both implicit and explicit casting. 7. What is a final variable in Java? Can it be changed once it’s initialized? 8. Explain the difference between break and continue statements. 9. Write a Java program to find the largest number among three numbers using conditional statements. 10. Describe the switch statement and its limitations in Java. 11. Explain the concepts of encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction in Java with examples. 12. What is method overloading and method overriding? Give an example of each. 13. Explain the use of the super keyword in Java. When would you use it? 14. Define a class in Java. What is the purpose of a constructor within a class, and how is it different from a regular method? 15. Explain the concept of "this" keyword in Java. Provide an example of how and why it is used within a class. 16. What are getter and setter methods in Java, and why are they important for encapsulation? Provide an example of each. 17. Write a Java program that creates a Student class with fields for name, age, and grade. Then create a method to display the student details. 18. What is inheritance in Java, and why is it useful in object-oriented programming? Provide an example. 19. Explain the difference between single and multilevel inheritance in Java. Can Java support multiple inheritance for classes? Why or why not? 20. Write a Java program that defines a base class Animal with a method makeSound(). Create a derived class Dog that overrides makeSound() to print “Bark.” Demonstrate polymorphism by creating an Animal reference to a Dog object. 21. What is method overriding, and how does it differ from method overloading? Explain the significance of the @Override annotation in Java.