ASEAN-LITERATURE-LECTURE-1.pdf

Asean Literature First Semester Academic Year 2024 – 2025 Main topic o 2022: National Engineering History Of the University and ASEAN University status ASEAN Overview...

Asean Literature First Semester Academic Year 2024 – 2025 Main topic o 2022: National Engineering History Of the University and ASEAN University status ASEAN Overview Topic Outline Historical Development of Batangas State  Establishment and Structure University o 1967: Founded in Bangkok o Members: 10 Southeast Asian  Founding and Early Changes nations o 1903: Manual Training School  Economic and Political Significance o 1905: Batangas Trade School o Population: 662 million o 1952: Pablo Borbon Memorial o GDP: $3.2 trillion National Trade School o Role: Economic and security o 1953: Pablo Borbon Memorial cooperation Trade School o 1957: Pablo Borbon Regional ASEAN Culture and Literature School of Arts and Trades  Further Transformations  Cultural Diversity o 1968: Pablo Borbon Memorial o Languages, religions, social Institute of Technology systems o 1971: Added industrial o Colonial Experience education  ASEAN Literature o 1974: Graduate degrees o Purpose and Goals introduced o 1984: Extension campus in Literature and Genres Alangilan  Definitions o 1987: Basic education through o Literature special science class o Genres: Poetry, Fiction, Drama, o 2001: Became Batangas State Prose University  Key Genres and Forms  Recent Developments o Poetry: Epic, Narrative, Lyric, o 2006: International Dramatic partnerships o Fiction: Mystery, Historical, o 2015: Infrastructure Realism, etc. modernization o Drama: Tragedy, Comedy, etc. o 2016: Research centers, o Prose: Fiction, Nonfiction, etc. academic calendar shift  Common Elements o 2017-2021: Center of Excellence, o Figures of Speech ISO 9001:2015 certification Asean Literature First Semester Academic Year 2024 – 2025 o Plot Structure o Has a significant economic impact with a large Elements of Fiction population and GDP. 3. ASEAN Culture and Literature  Plot o Represents diverse cultures o Exposition, Development, and experiences in Southeast Conflict, etc. Asia.  Characters o Literature serves to bridge o Protagonist, Antagonist, cultural gaps and promote Methods collaboration.  Setting 4. Literature and Genres o Time, Place, Weather, Context o Covers various forms including  Point of View poetry, drama, and prose. o First-Person, Third-Person o Important to understand the Limited, Omniscient elements and techniques used in different genres. Advanced Literary Techniques 5. Elements of Fiction o Basic components like plot,  Style and Techniques characters, setting, and point o Pathos, Leitwortstil, Sensory of view are essential for Detail analyzing fiction.  New Historicism 6. Advanced Literary Techniques o Focus on historical and o Includes understanding cultural context emotional appeal and specific stylistic devices. o New Historicism provides a Important Notes framework for contextualizing 1. Batangas State University literature historically. o Evolved from a trade school to a national engineering university. Key Terms o Significant milestones include  Batangas State University infrastructure updates, international partnerships, and  RA 741 & RA 746: Name change acts. quality certifications.  PBMIT: Pablo Borbon Memorial 2. ASEAN Institute of Technology. o Key regional organization  RA 9045: Act for university conversion. founded in 1967 for economic and political cooperation. Asean Literature First Semester Academic Year 2024 – 2025  ISO 9001:2015: Quality management  The university was established in 1903 as a certification. Manual Training School for men, and it  RA 11964: National Engineering was headed by an American principal, Mr. University designation. Sheer.  It was renamed as Batangas Trade School ASEAN during 1905 (people called it “Trade”)  ASEAN: Association of Southeast  ARASOFT Nasugbu is under BSU - PB Asian Nations.  (1952) A congressional act authored by  GDP: Gross Domestic Product. Congressman Babao, changed the name of the university to Pablo Borbon Memorial ASEAN Culture and Literature National Trade School in honor of Gov. Pabo Borbon (RA 741)  ASEAN Literature: Literature  (1953) It became Pbalo Borbon Memrial promoting cultural understanding Trade School (RA 746) and collaboration.  (July 1, 1957) it became the Pablo Borbon Literature and Genres Regional School of Arts and Trades and started offering technical courses  Figures of Speech: Literary devices  In 1968, it was converted into a state enhancing expression. college by virtue of 5270, the Pablo Borbon  Plot Structure: Framework of a story’s Memorial Institute of Technology (PBMIT), sequence. the 23rd state college in the Philippines. Elements of Fiction  In 1971, it offered industrial education and engineering programs  Protagonist: Main character.  In 1974, it started offering the graduate  Antagonist: Opposing force. degree programs  Point of View: Narrative perspective.  In 1984, it expanded operation in its first extension campus in Alangilan Advanced Literary Techniques  In1987, started offering basic education  Pathos: Emotional appeal. through a special science class in the  Leitwortstil: Repetition of key words. laboratory school  New Historicism: Analyzing literature  In 2001, converted into a state university by within historical context. virtue of RA 9045 called the Batangas State University  In 2006, it established stronger Discussion Proper international partnerships and linkages Asean Literature First Semester Academic Year 2024 – 2025  In 2015, it modernized its infrastructure to Faith create a 21st century learning environment  In 2016, it established the research and ASEAN development centers; and shifted the academic calendar with the 1 st semester  ASEAN (Association of South East Asian opening in August Nations)  In 2017- 2021- breakthroughs like Center of  It was established on August 8, 1967 in Excellence in different programs, ISO Bangkok, Thailand. 9001:2015 certification; recognized as  ASEAN is a political and economic union of Regional Center for DRMER (Disaster risk 10 South East Asian Nations (Philippines, management and emergency response) Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Indonesia,  In 2022- Batangas State University Brunei, Myanmar, Singapore, Lao PDR< became the first and the only National Malaysia). It represents a population over Engineering University in the Philippines by 600 million, and land area of over 4.5 virtue of RA 11964 million.  It is a regional groupings that promotes University Mission economic and security cooperation A university committed to producing among members. leaders by providing a 21st century learning  They have a total population of 662 environment though innovations in million people and a combined gross education, multidisciplinary research, and community and industry partnerships in domestic product of 3.2 trillion dollars. order to nurture the spirit of nationhood, They played a central role in Asian propel the national economy, and engage economic integration, joining negotiations the world for sustainable development. to form the world’s largest free trade agreement and signing six free trade deals with other economies in the region. University Vision ASEAN CULTURE A premier national university that develops  Each nation has different languages, leaders in the global knowledge economy religions, cultures, governmental and social systems, and different levels of University Core Values economic development. There is no single Patriotism reason for us, the people of Southeast Integrity Asia, to stick together as one community. Excellence The only common denominator is our Service shared experience of colonialism – even Resilience still, Thailand did not share this experience. Asean Literature First Semester Academic Year 2024 – 2025 It is only through geographic proximity or expression and convey ideas of lasting that a concept of community seems or universal significance. As J. H. Newman plausible. said, "Literature stands related to man as  fosters the development, acquisition, and science stands to nature." sharing of knowledge about the countries  Literature has no boundaries. It is from and people of Southeast Asia and the anywhere, anytime, and any age. ways they relate to each other and to the  Literature is used to entertain and provide world. aesthetic pleasure. Its focus is on the careful and deliberate arrangement of ASEAN LITERATURE words to create a pleasing or enriching  To bind together people and culture of effect. ASEAN countries in the hope that this GENRE becomes an instrument to orient the people of the diversity and similarities of  Traditional Oral Literature: Folktales, member countries. proverbs, riddles, and legends.  To become the basis of now students and  Religious Narratives and Literature: future professionals and technicians to Buddhist codes and verses, Jataka tales. deal and adapt to the ASEAN environment.  Narrative Poetry: Epic stories.  Non-narrative Poetry: Songs, love poems,  To minimize the possible barriers in etc. business, education, engineering, and  Historical Novels: Fiction set in historical other trades and may also encourage contexts. collaboration and cooperation.  Contemporary Literature: Modern novels,  To encourage collaboration and short stories, and poems. cooperation among member countries. POETRY This may include academic update,  Poetry uses rhythmic qualities of economic growth, and trade facilitation. language, including phonesthetics, sound  To consider peace and stability among symbolism, and meter, to convey the members. meaning. o Epic: Long-verse narratives LITERATURE recounting heroic journeys with  Broadly, literature refers to any collection superhuman feats, extraordinary of written work, but it is often used more adventures, and stylized language. They combine lyrical and dramatic specifically to describe writings elements. considered an art form, especially prose. o Narrative: Tells a story through  Literature includes writings in prose or poetic techniques like rhyme and verse, especially those that excel in form Asean Literature First Semester Academic Year 2024 – 2025 rhythm, often longer and containing o Romance: Centers on love stories, a complete story similar to a novel. focusing on the development of o Lyric: Short, musical verses romantic relationships. expressing intense emotions. These o Science Fiction: Explores futuristic are personal reflections written by concepts such as space an individual. exploration, advanced species, and o Dramatic: Written in verse for time travel, often delving into performance, meant to express scientific ideas. thoughts aloud to another actor, o Dystopian: Envisions a world in oneself, or an audience. decline, featuring themes like FICTION societal collapse, environmental  Fiction consists of stories created from destruction, and loss of individuality. imagination, using figurative language to o Horror: Aims to shock and frighten craft events, characters, and settings that readers through suspenseful and are not real. It aims to stimulate readers' terrifying elements in the plot, imaginations. characters, and settings. o Mystery: Focuses on solving a o Fable: Teaches moral lessons using mystery, often featuring a detective inanimate objects or animals as or investigator. The plot revolves protagonists who resolve conflicts around uncovering hidden truths. in ways that illustrate character o Historical Fiction: Uses real-life development. events as a backdrop while o Mythology: Explores human creatively altering details like behavior through symbolic characters' names or settings to narratives involving gods, engage readers in historical goddesses, and cultural narratives. phenomena. o Realism: Depicts everyday objects, DRAMA people, and places realistically,  Nonfiction writing aims to inform or inspire avoiding dramatization. It by presenting actual events, people, emphasizes authentic characters, places, or facts. It often involves extensive settings, and social issues. research and can help readers gain a o Magical Realism: Blends reality with deeper understanding of fiction through elements of fantasy or magic, related texts like textbooks and essays. creating a sense of wonder within a o Autobiography: A personal narrative realistic setting. of an author's own life, often written o Fantasy: Draws inspiration from to overcome challenges, share mythology and folklore to create experiences, or convey personal imaginary worlds, beings, and stories. adventures that don't exist in reality. Asean Literature First Semester Academic Year 2024 – 2025 o Biography: An account of someone PROSE else's life, typically featuring notable  Prose is a literary genre characterized by a individuals such as celebrities, lack of formal metrical structure, unlike athletes, business leaders, or traditional poetry which relies on rhythmic politicians. patterns. Instead, prose uses a natural o Essay: A short piece of writing where flow of speech and standard grammatical the author explores an idea or topic structures. in depth after conducting thorough o Structure: Prose is composed of research. Essays aim to engage, clear, concise paragraphs and influence, or persuade readers follows regular grammar rules. regarding specific viewpoints or o Content: It can be either fiction or ideas. nonfiction, and its tone can range DRAMA from serious to humorous.  Dramas are fictional representations that THEME involve dialogue and performance. They Animals and Forest Rural vs Urban can be presented on stage, through radio, Supernatural/Mythical Poignancy of Love film, or television. Dramas can be inspired Beings and their Relationship by novels, short stories, poems, or real-life journeys events. Strong Familial Wheels of fate o Tragedy: Focuses on the hardships Relationship, loyalty, and emotional distress faced by and identity, protagonists, illustrating their Ethnocentricity challenges and suffering. Gender Roles Importance of o Comedy: A humorous type of Reciprocity drama that depicts amusing events Prostitution Struggles between with a light-hearted tone. Comedies humanity and often feature clever wordplay and poverty. humorous takes on serious topics, where characters ultimately prevail. FICTION o Musical: Tells a story through music,  Prose is derived from the Latin fingere, incorporating songs to express meaning "to form, create," and involves themes and advance the plot. writing about imaginary characters and Musicals can be original works or events. adaptations of longer literary works. o Short Story: A brief narrative read in o Melodrama: Depicts serious and one sitting, focusing on a few emotionally charged stories, often characters and a single plot featuring clear heroes, heroines, centered around the main villains, and mentors who overcome character. personal flaws to achieve success. Asean Literature First Semester Academic Year 2024 – 2025 o Novel: A lengthy prose work with common and accessible form of multiple characters and several literature. subplots. o Diary or Journal: A book for o Drama: Prose intended for recording daily or periodic entries performance on stage, with about personal experiences and dialogue and action meant for live events. presentation. POETRY AND ITS ELEMENTS o Fable: A short story, often featuring  Poetry is composed of lines that end animal characters, that imparts a unevenly on the right margin, unlike prose, moral lesson. which uses sentences arranged in o Parable: A brief, often allegorical paragraphs. Each poem expresses human narrative that illustrates a moral or sentiment, whether happy, bitter, or spiritual lesson. casual, and often includes a speaker and o Legend: A story reflecting cultural a listener, similar to fiction and drama. values or identity, usually with historical elements and less Sound in Poetry: emphasis on the supernatural. o Rhyme: The recurrence of similar o Myth: A fictional tale with religious sounds at the end of lines. significance that explains the Example: actions of gods or heroes and I think that I shall never see, natural phenomena. A poem as lovely as a tree; o Fairy Tale: A story featuring folkloric A tree whose hungry mouth is rest, characters like fairies and giants, Against the earth’s sweet flowing often involving royalty and typically breast; ending happily. It is a subclass of A tree that looks at God all day the folktale. And lifts her leafy arms to pray; NON-FICTION A tree that may in summer wear  Nonfiction prose presents and explains A nest of robins in her hair; ideas or describes real people, places, Upon whose bosom snow has lain; objects, or events. Who intimately lives with rain; o Autobiography: A personal account Poems are made by fools like me, of one's own life, written by the But only God can make a tree. individual themselves. o Rhythm: The pattern of sound o Biography: A written account of created by stressing or accenting someone else's life, detailing their words and syllables, similar to a experiences and achievements. musical beat. o Essay: A short piece of writing that o Meter: The measurement of the explores a topic from the author's rhythmic beat in a poem. personal perspective. It is a Asean Literature First Semester Academic Year 2024 – 2025 o Repetition: The repeated use of man is at the end of the sounds, words, phrases, or earth. patterns in a poem. Forms include: FIGURES OF SPEECH  Figures of Speech are expressions used  Alliteration: Repetition of not in their literal sense but for their initial consonant sounds. implied meaning. They often become Example: “He clasps the idiomatic expressions or idioms. crag with crooked hands.” o Enhance Language: Makes the (Alfred Lord Tennyson) language more colorful and  Consonance: Repetition of interesting. internal consonant sounds. o Add Impact: Provides a greater Example: “The spotted effect to the listener or reader. kitten slept quietly on o Create Vivid Descriptions: Offers matted mattress fur.” more vivid and concrete  Assonance: Repetition of descriptions. vowel sounds. Example: “Do not go gentle MOST COMMON FIGURE OF SOEECH into that good night.”  Figures of Speech add depth and (Dylan Thomas) vividness to language through various  Onomatopoeia: Words techniques: o Simile: A comparison between two that sound like what they different things using "like" or "as" to represent. highlight a shared trait. Examples: “Bang” (sound Example: “A poem as lovely as a of a gun), “Tic, tac” (sound tree.” of a clock), “Splash” o Metaphor: An implied comparison (sound of water) between two unlike things without  Parallelism: Repetition of using "like" or "as." grammatical patterns. Example: “You are my angel.” Examples: Withered vine, o Personification: Attributing human Rotten tree, Dark crow, qualities to objects, animals, or Little bridge, Running ideas. Example: “Only the moon was the stream witness in the incident.” The sun is setting in the o Metonymy: Replacing the name of west, The broken-hearted something with a word closely Asean Literature First Semester Academic Year 2024 – 2025 related to it.  Conflict: The central struggle or Example: “Lend me your ears.” problem that drives the story and o Irony: Expressing something engages the reader. contrary to what is meant, often for  Climax: The peak of the conflict, where humorous or emphatic effect. the main character faces the greatest Example: “You’re so lovely today; challenge. you look like a Christmas tree.”  Resolution (Denouement): The final o Oxymoron: Combining contradictory terms to create a part where the conflict is resolved and striking effect. the story concludes. Example: “Parting is such sweet sorrow.” DETAILED BREAKDOWN o Paradox: A statement that seems  Exposition: Provides background contradictory but reveals a deeper information and introduces the setting truth. and characters, establishing their Example: “You can check out relationships and the initial situation. anytime you like, but you can never  Development of Conflict: The conflict or leave.” problem arises, creating interest as the o Hyperbole: Exaggeration used for reader follows the progression of events emphasis or effect, often and consequences. humorously.  Conflict: The central struggle that keeps Example: “She cried forever.” the reader engaged, leading to the climax. o Apostrophe: Directly addressing an  Climax: The high point of tension where inanimate object, dead person, or the main character confronts the major abstract idea as if it were alive. conflict. Example: “O Death! Where is thy  Resolution (Denouement): The aftermath sting?” of the climax where the conflict is resolved, and the story comes to a conclusion. ELEMENTS OF FICTION  Plot is the structured sequence of events and PLOT CONVENTION TECHNIQUES actions in a story that conveys a theme.  Backstory: Events that occurred before the STRUCTURAL PLOT: current narrative, providing context and  Exposition: Introduces the setting and background. characters, setting the stage for the  Chekhov’s Gun: An object or element story. introduced early in the story that is  Development of Problem: Shows how significant later on. the conflict or problem begins to unfold. Asean Literature First Semester Academic Year 2024 – 2025  In Medias Res: Starting the story in the  Antagonistic Force: A non-character middle of the action, bypassing the element that creates conflict, such as a exposition. natural phenomenon.  Narrative Hook: An engaging opening designed to capture the reader's interest METHODS OF REVEALING CHARACTERS immediately. Direct Statements Explicit descriptions  Story Within a Story (Hypodiegesis): A or explanations narrative embedded within the main story, about the character. offering additional context or depth. Physical Description of the  Deus Ex Machina: An unexpected or Appearance and character’s looks implausible resolution to a difficult Environment and surroundings. situation, often involving an external force. SPEECH The character's  Plot Twist: A surprising development that dialogue and changes the direction or outcome of the manner of speaking story. reveal traits and  Poetic Justice: Good characters receive personality. rewards and bad characters face ACTIONS The character’s punishment, aligning with moral themes. behaviors and  Cliffhanger: An unresolved ending that decisions provide leaves characters in a precarious insight into their situation, creating suspense. nature.  Flashback: A scene that revisits past REACTIONS OF How other events, providing background or context OTHERS characters respond for the current story. to or view the  Flash Forward: A scene that projects the character. narrative into the future, revealing what is THOUGHTS The character’s to come. internal monologue  Foreshadowing: Hints or clues about future or stream of events in the story, creating anticipation consciousness that and building suspense. shows their inner world. CHARACTERS CHARACTER PRESENTATION  Protagonist: The main character around whom the story revolves. We empathize  Direct Presentation: The author explicitly tells with this character. us what a character is like through exposition or  Antagonist: A character who opposes or analysis, or through what other characters say about them. conflicts with the protagonist. Asean Literature First Semester Academic Year 2024 – 2025  Indirect Presentation: The author shows the Place: The setting can be a real or fictional character in action, allowing us to infer their location. traits from their thoughts, speech, and actions. Weather and Time of Day: Details such as HOW CHARACTER IS DISCLOSED IN FICTION the weather, day of the week, and specific time of day can influence the mood and  Actions: Characters' behaviors and tone. decisions provide insight into their Architecture and Social/Political Structure: personalities. The physical environment and societal  Descriptions: Personal appearance and structures can affect characters and plot. environmental details reveal aspects of a character’s social and economic status, POINT OF VIEW and their traits.  Narrative perspective determines who is  Dramatic Statements and Thoughts: telling the story and how much the Characters' dialogues and internal narrator knows about the events and monologues help us understand their characters. motivations and personalities. o First-Person Narrator: The story is  Statements by Other Characters: Insights told from the perspective of a gained from what other characters say character using "I." This can be the about a character can deepen our main character (first-person understanding of that character. protagonist) or an observer who  Statements by the Author: The author's narrates what they have seen (first- commentary or observations about a person observer). character are usually reliable and factual, o Third-Person Limited: The narrator providing a clear view of the character's tells the story from an external traits. viewpoint, focusing on the thoughts SETTING and experiences of one character The setting encompasses when and where without knowing what others think. the story takes place, including the time o Third-Person Omniscient: The period, location, and the duration of the narrator has complete knowledge story's events. It provides context for the of all characters and events, narrative and reflects the beliefs, customs, including the inner thoughts of all and values of the world in which the story is characters, and is not part of the situated. story. COMPONENTS OF SETTING o Unreliable Narrator: The narrator Time: This can be historical (past), may be biased, misleading, or contemporary (present), or speculative insincere, leading to a potentially (future). distorted view of the events or characters. Asean Literature First Semester Academic Year 2024 – 2025 o Audience Surrogate: A character o Big Ideas: Common themes include whose thoughts or questions reflect love, hate, war, passion, peace, those of the readers, helping them friendship, and crime. navigate the story. o Stream of Consciousness: This ANOTHER PLOT CONVENTION IS STYLE technique exposes a character's inner thoughts and feelings directly Figures of Speech: through monologue, often with a  Hyperbole: Deliberate exaggeration disjointed or fragmented narrative used to emphasize a point (e.g., "I’ve style. told you a million times"). THEME  Metonymy: Substitution of a word with another closely related term (e.g., "The  The theme is the underlying message or White House" to refer to the U.S. central idea that a story conveys about government). life and human experience. It reflects the  Euphemism: Use of mild or less direct universal aspects of life as perceived by terms to soften the impact of the writer. something (e.g., "passed away" instead  The theme is explored through the story's of "died"). plot, character development, and setting,  Oxymoron: Combination of providing a cohesive message about contradictory terms to create a striking human life and experiences. effect (e.g., "bittersweet"). o Universal: The theme addresses concepts or truths that are broadly Pathos (Emotional Appeal): applicable to human life and experience.  Technique used to evoke emotions o Central Idea: It often represents a such as pity, sympathy, or sorrow in the statement or truism about life, reader or audience. It aims to inspire providing insight into the human emotional responses and connect the condition. audience with the characters or o Human Experience: Themes are situations. reflected in the characters' actions,  Moves the emotion of the reader or dialogues, events, and other audience. It is a way or methodused by narrative elements, offering a the author to create emotional deeper understanding of life. response among his reader or o Application: Themes can offer audience. values or lessons that readers may  Persuasive writing is used. apply to their own lives.  Language should sway the emotion to convince the readers. The author fills Asean Literature First Semester Academic Year 2024 – 2025 more emotional content with audience, enhancing the overall descriptive details to make the readers impact of the narrative. feel the scene.  DICTION is the choice of a word NEW HISTORICISM IN LITERAL ANALYSIS  IMAGE is a verbal expression of sensed  New Historicism emphasizes that literature experience makes possible the is not created in a vacuum but is deeply communication of what one sees, intertwined with the historical and cultural hears, feels, smells, and tastes. circumstances of its time.  SYMBOL is a representation of o Focus: New Historicism examines something, example: the visual image literature in relation to the cultural, of red rose may serve at the same social, and historical context of the time as a part of a description of a time in which it was written. garden and as a sign of beauty and o Objective: This approach seeks to passion. interpret the meaning and significance of a literary work by Sensory Detail: understanding the socio-historical  Descriptive language that engages the environment that influenced its senses to create vivid mental images. creation. It helps readers visualize scenes and o Method: Analyzing the author's experience them more fully (e.g., "The background, societal conditions, aroma of freshly baked bread wafted and cultural milieu provides insight through the air"). into how these factors shaped the text. Leitwortstil: o Understanding: It requires a deep exploration of the historical context  The deliberate repetition of specific to fully grasp the nuances and words or phrases that are central to underlying messages of the the theme or motif of the story. This literature. technique reinforces important concepts and adds cohesion to the narrative. FORMALISM Dramatic Visualization:  Formalism emphasizes a close reading of  Use of detailed descriptions, gestures, the text itself, prioritizing the internal and dialogues to vividly present structure and language over external characters or objects. It helps create factors like historical context or the immersive and dynamic scenes for the author's background. Asean Literature First Semester Academic Year 2024 – 2025  Formalists analyze the form, structure, and processes, aiming to promote equity technical features of a literary work. This and justice in development outcomes includes elements such as sound, syntax, by recognizing and challenging rhyme, repetition, and word choice. systemic inequalities.  To understand how the manipulation of language and literary techniques creates PEACE EDUCATION aesthetic effects and conveys ideas.  Equips students with the knowledge o Autonomy of the Text: The text is and skills to understand the causes of considered self-contained and violent conflicts, develop nonviolent independent from external methods to address violence, and influences like history, politics, or build peaceful, just societies. social context.  Activities that promote the knowledge, o Medium Over Content: The method skills and attitudes that will help people of communication and aesthetic either to prevent the occurrence of expression is prioritized over the conflict, resolve conflicts peacefully, or content or thematic elements. create social conditions conducive to o Rhetorical and Logical Connections: peace. Focus is on how the text’s form and  Core values of nonviolence and social language contribute to its meaning justice are central to peace education. and effect.  Nonviolence is manifested through GENDER DEVELOPMENT values such as respect for human rights, freedom and trust.  An interdisciplinary field that applies  Social justice is realized by principles of feminist theories and perspectives to equality, responsibility, and solidarity examine how economic development and globalization impact people INTERNATIONAIZATION differently based on factors such as  The process of integrating an gender, class, location, and other international, intercultural and global socio-political identities. dimension into the goals,  Analyzes the unequal status and teaching/learning, research and situations of women and men within service functions of a university or cultural, social, economic, and political higher education system'.  contexts. Internationalization emphasizes the  Considers how various forms of identity relationship between and among and socio-political factors intersect to nations, people, cultures, institutions, affect experiences and opportunities. systems  To address and understand the disparate impacts of development Asean Literature First Semester Academic Year 2024 – 2025