Western Classical Art Traditions (Architecture) PDF

Western Classical Art Traditions (Architecture) Western Classical Art Traditions (Architecture)  Timeline Timeline of the of the different different Art Art Periods Periods Pre-historic architecture...

Western Classical Art Traditions (Architecture) Western Classical Art Traditions (Architecture)  Timeline Timeline of the of the different different Art Art Periods Periods Pre-historic architecture Prehistoric builders moved earth and stone into geometric forms, creating our earliest human-made formations. ▪ architecture based on megaliths (a big rock) from Stonehenge is the most the Greek word lithos (stone) architecturally sophisticated and Megas (big). prehistoric stone circle in the world, ▪ Intended for burial  3 types of Megaliths: DOLMENS MENHIR CHROMLECH  Menhir Huge stone standing vertically on the ground usually standing in the middle of the field or arranged in rows Dolmens The word Dolmen originated from the expression taol maen which means “stone table.” These structures are in a form of table consisting of two huge standing stones supporting a horizontal giant stone. It is believed that it served as grave or altar CHROMLECH A Brythonic word where crom means “bent” or “curved” and llech which means “slab” or “flagstone”. Literally it is a circle of standing stones  Egyptian Architecture In ancient Egypt, powerful rulers constructed monumental pyramids, temples, and shrines. The exterior and interior walls along with columns and piers were covered with hieroglyphics and pictorial frescoes and carvings painted in brilliant colors. Ornamentations were symbolic including scarab (sacred beetle), solar disk and vulture, common motifs (palm leaves, buds, flower of lotus, and papyrus plants) Temples were aligned with astronomically significant events  Hypostyle column in the Temple of Amun Philae temple at night in Pyramid of Giza Aswan  Pyramids of Giza most substantial structure of the world -funerary structure of the 3 kings of the 4th dynasty namely: 1. Khufu (Cheops) Great pyramid attributed 2. Khafa (Chepren) pyramid next to the great pyramid 3. Menkaura (Mycerinus) smallest pyramid attributed  the Parthenon Greek Architecture Classical architecture refers to the style and design of buildings in ancient Greece and ancient Rome. best known from its temples, many of which are found throughout the region, and the Parthenon is a prime example of this, mostly as ruins but many substantially intact. Temples consisted of a central shrine or room in an aisle surrounded by rows of columns. post and lintel, it is composed of upright beams (posts) supporting horizontal beams (lintels) Greek architecture temples consisted of a central shrine or room in an aisle surrounded by rows of columns. These buildings were designed in one of three architectural style or orders. The Temple of Hephaestos The Erechtheion, Acropolis Athens Athens Roman Architecture They built sturdy stone structures both for use and to perpetuate their glory. The emperors erected huge halls and arenas for public games, baths, and procession. They built them of gigantic arches of stone, bricks, and concrete or Colosseum with barrel vaults -an oval amphitheater in the center of the city of Rome, Italy. - the largest ancient amphitheater ever built, and is still the largest standing amphitheater in the world today, despite its age.  Byzantine Architecture It has a lot in common with the early Christian architecture. Mosaic decoration was perfected by the byzantines, as was the use of use of clerestory to bring light in from high windows and advancement in developing the dome created a new style in global architecture.  HAGIA SOPHIA Hagia Sophia Means “Holy Wisdom”. It narrates how magnificent construction transformed from being a church into a mosque and what is now known as the Hagia Sophia museum. One of the biggest domes ever created with 108 feet in diameter. Because of its grand size it can be seen from miles away Romanesque Architecture As Rome spread across Europe, heavier, stocky Romanesque architecture with rounded arches emerged. doorways of churches are often grand sculptured portals. Wood or metal doors are surrounded by elaborate stone sculptures arranged in zones to fit architectural elements. displayed solid masonry walls, rounded arches, and masonry vaults. the groin-vaulted crypt of worcester cathedral  Gothic Architecture Early in the 12th century, new ways of the building meant that cathedrals and other large buildings could soar to new heights. Gothic architecture became characterized by the elements that supported taller, more graceful architecture the pointed arch enabled builders to construct much higher ceiling vaults stone vaulting borne on a network of stone Chartres cathedral - Has rich in architectural design ribs supported by piers and clustered pillars. - Splendid stained glass windows Stained glass windows - Thousand of sculptured figures. Chartres cathedral - Has rich in architectural design - Splendid stained glass windows - Thousand of sculptured figures. Performance task