Art & Culture PDF

Art n Culture Paintings Lakhudiyar cavepaintings=River sayal, Uttrakhand Bhimbetika, Narsingarh, Adamgarh=MP Jogimara Caves, Chitwa Dongri(durg, chinese theme)=chattisgarh Gudahandi, Yogimatha Rock shelter=Orissa Barabanki caves=Bihar Murals Ajanta 200...

Art n Culture Paintings Lakhudiyar cavepaintings=River sayal, Uttrakhand Bhimbetika, Narsingarh, Adamgarh=MP Jogimara Caves, Chitwa Dongri(durg, chinese theme)=chattisgarh Gudahandi, Yogimatha Rock shelter=Orissa Barabanki caves=Bihar Murals Ajanta 200Bc=Waghora river//Fresco, Tempera Ravan Chaya=orissa style//Manjusri/Dying prince/Jataka Lepakshi=AP=Veerbhadra Ellora 50AD=Rashtrakuta and Yadav Temple=Hinduism/ VIJAYANAGAR 1 dynasty/Gujrati style/Vishnu/Garuda/Kailash Jogimara Caves=CG= 44 Temple/Lakshmi/Apsaras Badami Caves=KR Armamala Caves=TN=Jainism/Asthatik Palakas Junagadh=Upar Kot Hall R Chittanavasl Cave=TN=resemble to Mandapeshwar Caves=MH AI ajanta/JAINISM/Pond with Bagh Caves=Baghini river,MP=Stronger lotuses/Samavasarana Hall outline than ajanta/Rang Mahal E EL Miniature 800AD Red lead paint/human side profile/bulging eyes/pointed nose/slim waist BH Pala School=Palm leaf, vellum paper/no group paintings/Vajrayana Buddhism Apabhramasa School=GJ,RJ=Jainism, Vaishnavism/Geeta Govinda/ R Mughal U Akbar=3D figures/calligraphy/court life/tutinama G Jahangir=Zenith/Portraits/Nature/dcorated margins shah jahan=ARTIFICIAL Elements/european influence J Pahari=Basholi(J&K), Kangra(HP)=Sansar Chand painter I IT Folk H Madhubani=Bihar=Mithila KalamKaris=AP=pen made of bamboo used on Cotten KS PaintingsGI tag/ Fish is good cloth=Vijayanagar luck/2D/no shading Warli=MH,GJ=2500BC=bhimbetika resemblence Manjusha/Angika=Bihar=SNAKE Thankga=Himalayan states=Buddhism/COTTON Pattachitra =Orissa=on cloth Canvas Saura=Orissa=Wall Mural Phad=RJ=Scroll/ Pathua=Bengal=MUSLIMS CHeriyal=Telangana=Nakashi art/by BALLADEER Patikar=Jharkhand/Scroll tribe=GI tag Paintings/Ma Mansa Pithora=MP,GJ=HORSES  1 44 R AI E EL BH R U G I J IT H KS IVC Sites mauryas Ashoka also called= Piyadassi, DevNamPriya Yaksha and Yakhini worship Stupas were created over relics of the Buddha at Rajagraha, Vaishali, Kapilavastu, Allakappa, Ramagrama, Vethadipa, Pava, Kushinagar and Pippalvina Piprahwa stupa=UP=oldest Barabar(lomus rishi cave) & Nagarjuni caves=Bihar=during ashoka  nasik Caves=Pandav leni=Hinyana Udaygiri, Khandgiri caves=Orissa=hathigumpha inscription/Ranigumpha cave Bharut Stupa =MP Bairat Stupa=RJ Ashokan Edicts 1. Rummendei Pillar=Ashokas visit to lumbini 2. Prayag=Queen wife of ashoka,SAmudra guptas conquest, Jahagrs inscriiption 3. Kalsi=Uttrakhand=Non violence, humane approach 4. Maski=KArnatakFirst site to reveal name of ASHOKA 5. Kalinga 6. KanganaHalli=KR= RAYO ASHOKA 7. Dhauli=Rock cut elephant , orissa 1 Post Mauryan 44 Yakshini at harut=MP Ajanta, Pitalkhora, Ellora, Nashik, Bhaja, Junnar, Karla, Kanheri. Ajanta, Ellora, and Kanheri Caves=MH R Yakshini holding a chauri (flywhisk) from Didargunj near modern Patna Vengi in Andhra Pradesh has many stupa sites like Jagayyapetta, Amaravati, Bhattiprolu, Nagarjunkonda, Goli, etc. AI Anakapalli near Vishakhapatnam, E Udaigiri-Khandagiri caves in the vicinity of Bhubaneswar The theme of Mara Vijaya has been painted in the caves of Ajanta EL Sclupture BH gandhara=Greek,Bluish Grey sandstone,Buddhist,KUSHANAS, yogi position half closed eyes Mathura=Spotted red stone,Hindu jain budhhism, KUSHANA, delighted mood, smiling face,shaven head, PADMASAN, muscular, Larger Halo.padmapani, Vajrapani R Amravati=Krishna river, WHite marbles, Buddhist, SATVAHANA, narrative, jataka, TRIBHANGA position U Nataraja=Chola G Temple The shrines of the temples were of three kinds—(i) sandhara type (without pradikshinapatha), (ii) nirandhara type (with I J pradakshinapatha), and (iii) sarvatobhadra (which can be accessed from all sides). IT Deogarh in Uttar Pradesh H Eran, Nachna-Kuthara and Udaygiri near Vidisha in Madhya Pradesh KS Orissa style=Sun temple at Konark, jagannath, Lingraj temple Khujuraho school=Kandariya mahadev, Lakshman Temple= By Chandella dynasty Solanki School=GJ,Rj=Modhera sun temple Later Mural Traditions Badami Caves=543 AD=Chalukyas of Karnataka=Kirtivarman, Mangalesha temples at Panamalai, Mandagapattu and Kanchipuram==TN=Pallava 650AD Mahendravarman I with numerous titles such as Vichitrachitta (curious-minded),Chitrakarapuli (tiger among artists), Chaityakari (temple builder), Kanchipuram temple by RAJSIMHA Mahabalipuram Tirumalaipuram caves and Jaina caves at Sittanvasal=Pandyas=TN temples of Brihadeswara at Thanjavur, Gangaikonda Cholapuram and Darasuram=Chola 200BC=Rajaraja, Rajendra Chola  Cholas used Gnesis and Granite as building material Tiruparakunram Paintings, Virupaksha temple(Hampi, Ramayan mahabharat), LEEPAKSHI=Vijaynagar 1200 Nayaka Paintings=Thiruparakunram=Ramayan, Mahabharay, Krishna Leela=Vijayanagar Extension Temple Architecture Nagara 'latina' or the rekha-prasada type of shikara==square at the base and whose walls curve or slope inward to a point on top Eg= GARBAGRIHA Phamsana buildings tend to be broader and shorter than latina ones//roofs don not curve inwards like latina, Eg=MANDAPA valabhi type= These are rectangular buildings with a roof that rises into a vaulted chamber Deogarh Temple UP=WEST facing temple= Vishnu is presented in Sheshashayana , NaraNarayan and Gajendramoksha avtars Sun Temple, Modhera GJ=Raja Bhimdev I of the Solanki Dynasty in 1026 massive rectangular stepped tank called the surya kund 1 Evidences f Wood carving 44 Kamkhaya Temple=Assam Siddheshvara Mahadeva temple=Bengal=Palas built VANGA style temple R Dravida dravida temples. These are basically of five different shapes: square, usually called kuta, and also caturasra; rectangular or shala or AI ayatasra; elliptical, called gaja-prishta or elephantbacked, vrittayata, ; circular or vritta; and octagonal or ashtasra E Mahabalipuram/Mamallapuram Temple= Built by Narsimhavarman 1 of Pallava after defeating Pulkesin2//5 rathas is highlight shore temple at Mahabalipuram= Rajsimha/Narsimhavarman 2 EL Shiva temple of Thanjavur, called the Rajarajeswara or Brihadiswara temple, was completed around 1009 by Rajaraja Chola, and BH is the largest and tallest of all Indian temples Kailashnath Temple Ellora=Rashtrakutas Vesara Style(hybrid)=Karnatak=chalukyas//Ravana Phadi cave at Aihole R Virupksha Temple KR U Halebidu Temple, Belur=HOYSALAS G Kumargupta1 laid foundation of NALANDA=Theravada, Mahayana, Vajrayanawas taught here Lord Bahubali statue, Gomateshwara, Karnataka=Jain I J Dilwara,Mt. Abu jain temples constructed by Vimal shah IT Gol Gumbaz=Adil Shah, Karnatak H Sun Temples KS Navalakha,Modher=Gj//Konark=OR// Brahamanya Dev=MP//Suryanar Kovil=TN//Suryanar Swamy=AP//Dakshinarka=Gaya, BR//Surya Pahar=Assam//Martand Sun=Kashmir  1 44 R AI Glossary E Hamam =Turkish public bath for massage and sauna EL Harmika =Small square fencing about the anda or semicircular dome of stupa Mahaparinibban =Death of Lord Buddha BH Naqqar khana =Drum house from where ceremonial music was Sarai =Dharamshala or a traveller’s lodge Shraman= A Buddhist sect, followers of which use to wander from place to place R Viman =Superstructure over the shrine in the south Indian temples U G Pt365 SCULPTURE AND ARCHITECTURE J 1. ODISHA TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE`Kalinga Type I IT 1. Lingraj Temple=King Keshari, Somvanshi dynasty=Bhubaneshwar, 10th AD H 2. Jagannath Puri=Anant Varman of Ganga dynasty 12AD KS 3. Laxmaneshwar Temple 4. rekhapida, pidhadeul and khakra. style temples=Orissa Tribhuvanesvara, Puri and Konark//Shikara is referred as Deul in orissa 2. Hoysala Temple 10th AD)= Stellate(looklike star, Nandi Pavillion, Hinduism+Jainism 1. Chennakesava -Yagachi River(Eka kuta-single shrine) Hoysaleshwara/Halebidu (DviKuta), Kesava(Trikuta) Temple(Kaveri River)  1 44 R 3. G20/Quad gifted Crafts AI 1. Kangra style=Pahari school 1. Rogan Painting=Gj= uses boiled oil and vegetalble dyes 2. Mata Ni Pachedi=Vaghari community, GUJRAT 2. Sanjhi Painting=Vrindavan, UP E 3. Pithora Cave paintings=GJ,RJ, MP 3. Pattachitra=Orissa EL 4. Kinnauri Shawl=HP 4. Shumang Leela Festival=Manipur 5. Patan Patola=GJ 5. Dokra Metal art=Manipur BH 6. Mahakaleshwar jyotirlnga=MP R 1. World Heritage Nominations U 1. Vadnagar town (Gujarat)=n L-shaped town with Sharmishtha Lake//Hieu-en-Tsang. mentions G 2. Modhera=Pahupati river//Chalukya King Bhimdev I 3. Rock cut sculptures and Reliefs of Unakoti,=Tripura=Shiva Images and Bodhisattava I J 2. Ambedkar circuit=Delhi-Mhow-Nagpur-dadar IT 3. Lachit Barphukan=Ahom Dynasty H 4. Alluri Sitarama Raju=Rampa rebellion/Manyam Uprising-Podu/shifting cultivation was declared illegal KS 5. ADI SHANKARACHARYA=established ADveta Vdanta and Dashnami Sampradaya/4 maths=Joshimath, Dwarka,Puri, Srngeri(kr)//oppposed mimasa philosophy 6. t Sri Ramanujacharya’s Philosophy - Vishishtadvaita 7. Acharya charak=Father of Indian Medicine 8. Uda Devi was a Dalit freedom fighter in the Indian Rebellion- associated with Awadh Hazrat Mahal 9. o Pingali Venkayya, the architect of India’s National Flag. 10. 11. Evolution of Indian Navy=IVC-MAuryas-Satvahanas-Guptas-Chola,Chera, Pandyas-Marathas 12. Ashoka Stambha 1. The four majestic lions, roaring and facing the four cardinal directions represent power, courage, pride, confidence(n equality and justice in all spheres of life) 2. The elephant represents the conception of Prince Siddhartha. ✓ The bull is the representative of Prince Siddhartha in his youth. ✓ The horse depicts Siddhartha renouncing his royal life in search of Enlightenment. ✓ The lion is the depiction of Siddhartha attaining Enlightenment 13. Panni Code=Panini was a Sanskrit grammarian(astadhyayi) who gave a comprehensive and scientific theory of phonetics, phonology, and morphology.Significance: It could allow Sanskrit grammar to be taught to computers 1 44 R AI E EL BH 14. Baliyatra is organised every year to commemorate maritime and cultural links between ancient Kalinga and ASEAN; celebrated on R MAHANADI U 15. G I J IT H KS