Famous Painters and Their Masterpieces .pdf

FAMOUS PAINTERS AND THEIR MASTERPIECES WORKS PAINTERS CITIZENSHIP MEDIA YEAR Italian Oil 1504 Leonardo da Vinci Mona Lisa Italian...

FAMOUS PAINTERS AND THEIR MASTERPIECES WORKS PAINTERS CITIZENSHIP MEDIA YEAR Italian Oil 1504 Leonardo da Vinci Mona Lisa Italian Oil 1508 The Creation of Adam Michael Angelo Bounarotti Italian Tempera 1506 Raphael Sanzi The Madonna of the Goldfinch Sandro Boticelli Italian Oil 1486 The Birth of Venus  Tintoretto Venice Oil 1578 Bacchus and Adriadne Peter Paul Rubens Flemish Oil 1625 The Landing of Maria de’Medici At Marseilles Rembrandt Van Rijn Dutch Oil 1655 Woman Bathing in a Stream Edouard Manet French Oil 1855 The Painter’s Studio  Henri Matisse French Oil 1899 The Invalid Edgar Degas French Pastel 1890 After the Bath: A Woman Drying Herself Vincent Van Gogh Dutch Oil 1889 Starry Night Pablo Picasso Spanish Oil 1907 Les Demoiselles D’ Avignon  Piet Mondrian Dutch Oil 1942- 43 Broadway Boogie- Woogie Vasily Kadinsky Russian Oil 1913 Little Pleasures SOME FILIPINO PAINTERS AND THEIR WORKS WORKS PAINTERS MEDiA YEAR Juan Luna Oil 1881 Spolarium Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo Oil 1884 Virgines Cristianas Expuestas Ad Populacho  Fernando Amorsolo Oil 1922 Harvest Time in Pinaglabanan Simon Flores Y Dela Rosa Oil 1902 Dead Child Victorio Edades Oil 1928 The Sketch (wala ako mahanap) Onib Olmedo Ink Wash 1976 Adelle 2 (no pic) Fabian Dela Rosa Oil 1921 Planting Rice Ang Kiukok Water Color 1981 Fish  Teodoro Buenaventura Oil 1927 (no pic) Rio De San Juan WAYS OF REPRESENTING A SUBJECT There are seven basic ways used by artist in representing their subject matter. 1. Realism Things are depicted in the way they would normally appear in nature. But no work of art is truly realistic because artists adapt the selective use of details. There are parts that they would leave out, alter and add from nature. 2. Abstraction This is the presentation of original objects into geometric shapes, unnatural lines and colors. Objects and subjects are difficult to identify, unless the artist puts it in the title. There is no intention of giving resemblance to natural appearance. Among the famous abstract painters are Kadinsky and Mondrian whose works were composed of non-representational forms, and colors were used freely. 3. Distortion The figures of the subject have been deformed from their natural shapes and measurements. An artist would stretch, twist or exaggerate the natural form of the objects 4. Impressionism Pictures were executed in bright contrasting colors in order to convey the impression of light. Impressionist artists usually work out-of-doors recording landscapes, scenes of leisure, and fleeting moments. Impressionists sought to capture the momentary appearance of objects in full light. Some impressionist painters are Monet, Manet, Degas, Pissarro, Van Gogh, Cezanne, and Gauguin 5. Expressionism  Emphasizes the inner world of subjective feelings and emotions. It depicts extreme states of mind. Expressionists use intense coloring and primitive forms to convey emotions directly. PRINCIPLES OF ARTISTIC DESIGNS People of the arts follow three basic principles of artistic composition and design which make art universally acceptable. These principles serve as standards in all art language and expression. These have been achieved by time, space and the power of the imagination. 1. The Principle of Unity This art principle produces an impression of harmony through the selection and arrangement of consistent objects and ideas. Unity in art is achieved when all are integrated together for a specific purpose. The point of unity may be in terms of medium, plot, theme, movement, moods, sounds, etc., Unity or integration in art can be obtained in three ways: a. By repetition or uniformity. For example, the most harmonious shape that can be put into a rectangle is another rectangle of the same shape, and a circle make the closest harmony within another circle b. By contrast or elements that oppose or contradict each other form. Examples are the use of combination of strong and delicate lines, light and shadow in painting, or the use of loud and soft sounds in music. In literature and drama, there may opposing or conflicting characters. In the dance choreography, variety of contrasting movements is used to avoid monotony. c. By transition or bringing the elements together in graceful, softening effect. Transitional techniques are important in achieving the power of unity, harmony, ace and smoothness. 2. The Principle of Dominance Every work of art has a dominant element or characteristics that stand out from the rest. It may be the characteristics that stand out from the rest. It may be the subject, color, line or the message that an artist wants to emphasize in his work. Dominance in art, however, does not mean singularity or repetition of an element used; one can possibly see numerous things in an artwork. But not all objects are given equal importance and emphasis. In the same manner with what we experience in real life, we focus only on some things not everything, otherwise life would be very cluttered, difficult and confusing. Thus, there are objects we consider superior and the rest subordinates. There are things we place on elevated levels while the rest are on the underground. In the drama and novels, there are main characters and secondary ones; in music, there are major keys as well as minor keys. This art  principle is essential in poetry because prominent images play a dominant role and the rest are relegated in the background. 3. The Principle of Equilibrium or Balance Balance in art is achieved when there is a restful effect in the arrangement and grouping of things. It can simply be called "rest and repose" in art composition. The principle of balance is used in weight which is commonly illustrated by a "see-saw" which is the same as in art. However, art is not much concerned with how things really weigh but with the feeling and impression on how things are arranged or placed in an artwork. There will be a restful feeling or balance when the objects are seen to attract each other toward the center or fulcrum of the entire piece of art. The word center can also mean the dominant subject of the composition. THE ELEMENTS OF MUSIC A. Rhythm - is the most basic of the elements which gives us a sense of movement. Rhythm pervades all nature. We can sense it in the movement of the tide, seasons, beating of a heart. In music, it is the organization of long and short notes, and their accentuation. It provides regular pulsations and beats to the music. Sometimes we clap our hands "to keep time" while we sing to coincide with each of the syllables of the lyrics. B. Melody - refers to the series of tones of varying pitches sounded in succession. Tone in succession is achieved when the keys of the piano are struck one after another. If we combine the various pitches with defi- nite tones and varying durations, a melody is produced. Melody affects us emotionally. When we say that a song is sad or happy, we are actually referring to its melody. It is synonymous to tune, ai theme, motif, and melody line. C. Harmony - is the study of chords or the sounding together of separate tones and their relationships. If rhythm is physical and melody is emotional, harmony is an intellectual conception. It is the sophisticated and scientific organization of tones which add beauty and style in music. D. Tempo - shows the duration of each note with reference to the other notes of the piece. We can say in general that in terms of unit of value song with half- notes are supposed to go more slowly than song written in quarter-notes or eighth-notes. E. Tone color  - is the quality of sound produced by a particular medium of tone production. It is the result of tempo or the speed at which musical may move, as well as the dynamics or changes from loudness to softness in a musical composition. MUSIC Music is the art of arranging sound. It consists of tones and silences arranged together to produce a sound that convey the composer's ideas and emotions. Sound is the essential material in music that touches our senses. All sounds are produced by vibrations. Thus, when the vibration is regular, it produces tones or musical sounds. When it is irregular, noise is produced. Four Qualities of Sound 1. Timbre is the quality which enables us to distinguish one sound from another. ex. violin has a different tone quality from a flute or a piano; a voice of a man from that of a woman. 2. Pitch refers to the highness or lowness of a tone rate: Male pitch 1. Bass (lowest voice) 2. Baritone (flexible) 3. Tenor (highest voice) Female 1. Alto (Lowest voice) 2. Mezzo soprano (flexible) 3. Soprano (highest voice) 3. Duration is a quality that describes how long a sound is heard or the length of time a sound is spent. 4. Intensity is the quality that provides the loudness and softness of a sound. Our descriptions of the sounds around us are based on these Qualities. When we say the music in the jeepney was very loud, we are referring to its intensity, or the man's voice is husky, we are talking about the timbre of his voice. TERMS USED BY MUSICIANS TO INDICATE INTENSITY 1. forto – loudly 2. fortissimo – very loudly 3. piano – softly 4. pianissimo – very softly 5. crescendo – becoming louder 6. decrescendo – becoming less loud 7. diminuendo – becoming softer MUSICAL TERMS WHICH DENOTE TEMPO  1. presto – very fast 2. allegro – fast 3. moderato – moderately speed 4. adante – moderately slow 5. adalgo – slow 6. laugo – very slow MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS There are two mediums in music: a. the vocal medium is a musical sound produced by human voice b. the instrumental medium uses manmade instruments which when played vibrate, amplify to produce varying tones and pitches Musical Instruments are group into four: 1. The stringed instruments: Ex: violin, viola violancello, double bass 2.. The wind instruments which may either be a. The wood winds, so-called because they were originally made of wood. Ex: piccolo, flute, bassoon b. The brasses, which are usually made of brass or other metal; Ex: French horn, trumpet, trombone, tuba 3. The percussion choir, grouped into: a. Those that produce musical tones and have definite pitch b. The noisemakers, which do not have definite pitch Ex: drum family 4. The keyboard instruments Ex: piano, organ FORMS OF MUSIC 1. Sonata is a composition in three or four movements. The first movement is fast and has three sections: a. Exposition – usually vigorous and forceful b. Development – themes are broken up into fragments, played by different instruments c. Recapitulation – a restatement of the exposition but with certain changes, such as with coda or an extended section. The second movement of the sonata is usually slow, in a contrasting key. Third movement has a tempo that ranges from moderate to fast. 2. A concerto is a composition on sonata form but the third movement is omitted. It is meant to be played by an instrument with an entire orchestra. 3. An opera is a drama set to music. It combines poetry, scenery, costume, acting and dancing in addition to vocal and instrumental music. 4. An oratario is a dramatic, religious work but it is performed without costumes or scenery. It is based on Biblical or other religious texts. The words are set to music. The participants sing their parts but do not move about on a stage like the opera. 5. Free form refers to composition which have no structural plan or definite structure. Among the common free forms are the prelude, the fantasia and capriccio, and symphonic poem. 6. Jazz is a form of music which grew out of the Southern US black culture. It is rhythmically complex, with a strong emphasis on syncopation 7. Folk music is a traditionally popular song belonging to a regional or ethnic group. 8. Rock music has been the dominant pop-music style since the late 1950’s. First emerged as “rock n’ roll”. Rhythm-and-blues” with amplified instruments with heavy beat, country and western with lyrics that are simple and earthly, and directly deals with the emotional concerns of the young. SOME CLASSICAL MUSICIANS AND COMPOSERS LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN (1770-1827) He was regarded as one of the greatest masters of music. Although Beethoven began to go deaf about 1800, he continued to compose and produce superlative music, including the Ninth Symphony and Missa Solomnia. Died at the age of 57 He became deaf, the more he became deaf mas gumanda music taste niya. JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH (1735-82) The great German composer and organ virtouso who brought baroque music to its peak, Is depicted here in a portrait by E. G. Hausman. Much of his finest music was written for the church, including the St. Matthew Passion and the Mass in B minor. Died at the age of 47 WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART (1756-91) He is widely regarded as the greatest composer who ever lived. He began writing minuets at the age of 5, and by the time of his death at age 35, he had produced 626 catalogued works. GEORGE FRIDERIC HANDEL (1685-1759) one of the greatest composers of the baroque period, is portrayed in a painting by Thomas Hudson. Born in Germany, Handel composed most of his better-known works in London, including his famous oratorio, the Messiah (1741). Died at the age of 74 Hallelujah GIUSEPPE VERDI (1813-1901) One of the greatest Italian composers of the 19th century, created operas of dramatic intensity, soaring melody, and subtle characterization. La Traviata (1853), Aida (1871), and Otello (1887) are three of his most highly acclaimed operas. His works are still among the most popular in the international operatic repertoire. died at the age of 88 JOHANN STRAUSS, JR. (1825-99) He immortalized the Viennese waltzes with such compositions as "The Beautiful Blu Danube" and "Tales of the Vienna Woods." He composed his first waltz when he was only 6 years old. Died at the age of 74  ENRICO CARUSO (1873-1921) An Italian tenor, is considered one of the greatest opera singers of all time. At the Metropolitan Opera (1903-20), he gave more than 600 performances in early 40 operas. Died at the age of 48 MUSICAL TERMS 1. Absolute music – instrumental music that does not make use of a poem or a story for its idea. The composer is interested only in the expressive pattern of sounds. 2. Acappella – choral music sung without instrumental accompaniment. 3. Anthem – a religious or patriotic song. 4. Aria – an extended song for a soloist, usually accompanied by an orchestra. This is usually found in operas, cantatas, and oratorios. 5. Barcarolle – a song which imitates the leisurely rhythm of songs of Venetian boatmen as they row their gondolas. 6. Cadenza – a difficult passage added to a piece in order to show off the virtousity of the performer. 7. Canon – a short piece in which the instruments or voices perform the same melody but not precisely together. One performer starts, the next comes in a few beats later, and so on. The art of combining melodies in this fashion is know as counterpart. 8. Cantata – a work usually based on a religious subject for a varied combination of soloists, chorus, and instrument. 9. Capriccio – a playful and frivolous piece which does not follow any strict pattern. 10. Chamber music –music played by an ensemble of two nine instruments. 11. Chanson – song. 12. Chorale – a religious song often sung by a congregation. 13. Concerto – a composition for a solo instrument and orchestra. By 1800, it became a showpiece for the soloist. The solo part, usually for the piano or the violin, is difficult to play. Most concertos have three movements like the sonata. where the composer's imagination is giv composition is sometimes called "rhapsody". 14. Fugue – a piece where the themes are repeated and transformed many times. 15. Impromtu – a piano piece that is meant to sound off-hand and made up at the time.  16. Intermezzo – an instrumental section between major parts of an opera of any large work. 17. Lied – a type of German song (plural: lieder). The best are those written in the 19th century, especially those written by Schubert, Schuman and Brahms. 18. Madrigal – a contrapuntal song without accompaniment popular in the 15th to the 17th centuries. 19. Movement – a section of an instrumental work, such as a symphony or a string quartet, that is a complete unit within the composition. 20. Nocturne – a dreamy piece, usually for piano. 21. Oratorio – a work usually religious in nature, that requires soloists, chorus and orchestra. 22. Overture – a piece of orchestral music that is played at the start of an opera. 23. Pastorale – any piece of music in a rustic mood, using a short piano piece 24. Prelude– a general name for an instrumental piece; usually a short piano piece. 25. Scherzo – a high-spirited usually, often brusque musical composition, either separate or part of a longer composition. 26. Sonata – a composition usually in three movements which makes use the formal pattern of fast. The sonata structure is the basic form: statement of the theme, contrast, and repetition of the theme. 27. Suita – any instrumental piece made up of various movements. The term can be also employed for arrangement of excerpts from an opera, ballet, play or poem. 28. Symphony – a piece for orchestra based on the same principle of the sonata: three movements- fast, slow, fast. Sometimes, because of the influence of Haydn, an extra movement, the finale, is added. 29. Symphonic poem – an orchestral suite with no pattern where the composer expresses a series of thoughts or events. Sometimes, this is called a tone or movie. 30. Toccata — is a fast, brilliant, and difficult piece for a keyboard instrument. 31. Variations – a musical composition based on a theme which is repeated and transformed. Different aspects of the theme change while others remain the same. DANCE Dance is considered the mother of all arts: Even before alphabets and words were invented, early man had used dances to express his thoughts and emotions. He danced to communicate with the supernatural being for survival. Because primitive men believed that their gods controlled the weather and other phenomena so they danced to please their gods. He had courtship dance to attract a (man ?) victory dance in time of battles, and the hunt. He had ritual dances during planting season, harvestime, weddings, baptism and even in his death, practically in all social activities and religious life. Dimensions of Dance A dance execution is enhanced by using the three dimensions: 1. Time provides tempo, may be fast or slow. 2. Space determines the position of the dancer in relation to the background, whether at the center, in front, at the back or it may be the body posture such as standing, lying, crouching, stooping, running, etc. - Block is the other term for space 3. Dynamics refers to the rhythm and graceful movements of the dancers. Types of Dance 1. The ritual dance was employed by ancient people in their religious worship. They perform ritual dances in every celebration and important events surrounding their primitive life - such as birth, marriage, war, illness, death. - ceremonial (other term for ritual) 2. The ethnological dance is native to a specific ethnic group or tribe. This type of dance usually express the cultural and racial pattern of the tribe which it belonged. 3. The folk dance is based on the tradition of the folks of a region. It is usually handed down from generation to generation and follows a basic pattern and therefore it does not require training for execution. 4. The social dance refers to any dance form which brings individual together for group enjoyment. Today, social dancing is related to ballroom dancing which were adaptations of folk dances and other foreign styles. 5. 5. The theatrical dance is a dance intended for exhibition in a theater. Jazz, ballet, modern, folk, ethnological, et. have been used for variety shows and theatrical productions. Classical ballet is the mother of all educational dances. All theatrical dances are built on the pattern technique of the ballet. The basic quality of ballet is buoyancy and grace. This quality is the basic difference between the ballet and modern dance: while the ballet expresses buoyancy and grace, the modern dance is executed with tension. Dame Margot Fontoyn (1919-91) wears a striking costume in a scene from the ballet La Pori (1956). Fonteyn's exquisite style and characterization brought her great admiration as a dancer. In 1956, Fonteyn was created a Dame of the Order of the British Empire in recognition of her contributions. Actor and dancer Fred Astaire (1899-1987) and singer, actress, and dancer Ginger Rogers (1911-) were America's most famous dance team. Many of their routines - in films such as The Gay Divorcees (1934) and Top Hat (1935) -- told romantic tales via dance with a skill unmatched to this day.  QUALITIES OF A CLASSICAL DANCE 1. Form or a perfectly moulded and proportioned body. - "With firm but flexible knees straight leg-line, a well-arched strong but slender ankles and calves, elegant shoulders and arms, a well-poised neck, and a face capable of giving the expression of beauty on the stage." 2. Lyric Quality or "a dancing from the inside." - This quality is indicated by the dancer's movement of lightness, faultlessness, balance and finesse. 3. Musicality - means a strong sense of rhythm, her movements blends with the music and feels its emotional content. 4. Intelligence or talent - to be able to interpret and project deeper meaning through movements. Natalia Makarova (1940- ) is seen in a performance of Swan Lake. Makarova was acclaimed for her lyrical interpretations of roles in both contemporary and classical ballet, most notably for her performance in the title role of Giselle.