ARABIAN LITERATURE.pdf

Arabian Literature  Arabian Literature The body of written works produced in the Arabic language. SAUDI ARABIA lt is found in the Middle East between the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea. lt boarders Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait to the north, Yemen to the south, and Oman, the United Arab Emirates (UA...

Arabian Literature  Arabian Literature The body of written works produced in the Arabic language. SAUDI ARABIA lt is found in the Middle East between the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea. lt boarders Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait to the north, Yemen to the south, and Oman, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Qatar to the east.  RIYADH The capital, located in the central eastern part.  ARABS Originated in the descendants of indigenous tribes and lived along the Persian Gulf Coast. ARABIAN PENINSULA ls also the homeland of Islam.  ISLAM Theworld's second largest religion.  ABAYA Black robes and face covering of female as a sign of respect for Muslim modesty laws.  RAMADAN The holiest season marks fasting.d to relatives.  MUHAMMAD Their prophet. The central figure of Islam and widely identified as its founder by non- Muslims. He is known as the "Holy Prophet" to Muslims, almost all of whom consider him to be the final prophet of God.  ARABIC The term for their language a Central Semitic language that was first spoken in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. OTTOMAN EMPIRE Dominated in the middle 18th century. UMAYYAD Empire Arabic Prose Literature - grammatical treatise, commentaries on the Quran and compiling of stories about Muhammad. Ghazals - love lyric  ABBASID EMPIRE "One thousand and One Nights" - also called as the Arabian Nights. It is the collection of Middle Eastern South Asian stories and folk tales. Richard Francis Burton - translated the One thousand and One night to English version. Rawis - storyteller  MODERN PERIOD Nahdah-means "reawakening" Saj or rhymed prose - most striking characteristics feature of Arabic prose. GOLDEN AGE or ARABIC PROSE Mora - interactive and assuring anecdotes. Occasional Poems - 2 to 20 lines; theme - about war and revenge and praise of one's own tribe. MECCA and MEDINA Two holy pilgrimage cities. Mecca the Blessed Medina the Radiant COLLECTION or ANTHOLOGIES Al-Mu'llagqat a group of pre-Islamic Odes. 3 types of collection: 1. Al-Mu-Allkat - "suspended" 2. Al hamasa - anthrology compiled by poets 3. Mujaddiyat - collection of poems Adab- Arabic word used for Literature which means " etiquette". Literary Works Under Arabian Literature The Thousand and One Night collection of largely Middle Eastern and Indian stories of uncertain date and authorship. Its tales of Aladdin, Ali Baba, and Sindbad the Sailor have almost become part of Western folklore, though these were added to the collection only in the 18th century in European adaptations. The Tale of Sinuhe “The Tale of Sinuhe” begins with the main character, Sinuhe, who is an official working for Pharaoh Amenemhat I. When Sinuhe hears about the killing of the king, he panics and runs away from Egypt, fearing for his life. His running away starts his long journey into banishment. Sinuhe travels across different lands, and then finds safety in Retjenu (modern-day Syria/Palestine), where he is welcomed by a local leader. Over time, Sinuhe becomes a respected member of the community, marries, and has a family. Even though he succeeds, he is still thinking about his longing for Egypt and his loyalty to the new king, Senusret I. The Quran/Koran Do you consider the Koran a literary work?  The Quran Since the advent of Islam and the revelation of the Qur'an in the early years of the seventh century AD, the Muslim Holy Book has been the subject of many extensive analytical studies. The focus of the great majority of these studies has been the theological and legislative aspects of the Holy Book, for the Qur'an provides Muslims with detailed guidance on their everyday problems. Together with the sayings, actions, and recommendations of Muhammad, the Qur'an has been the ultimate source of legal authority for Muslims over the past fourteen centuries. Muslim scholars have painstakingly examined, analyzed and interpreted the various verses of the Holy Book, detailing the requirements the Qur'an imposes on Muslims in order for them to achieve spiritual purity. Thus, in addition to its legislative and theological value, the Qur'an has also served as a source of spiritual guidance for the followers of Islam. The Arabian Nights by Tahir Shah For a thousand nights, ruthless King Shahriyar weds a new bride at dusk, only to have her executed the following dawn. Fearing for their lives, the kingdom’s young women are in hiding, or have already fled. A request arrives for Scheherazade, the wise and beautiful daughter of the chief vizier, to be married to the cruel and cold- blooded king. But rather than flee, she accepts the invitation. Having received instructions from the friendly Blue Witch, Scheherazade is wed to the king. In the royal apartment, an hourglass is turned, the falling grains of sand marking the last hours of her life. Rather than resigning herself to fate, Scheherazade does something none of the other brides dared to do… She begins to tell a story. Casting a pinch of magic dust into the brazier, the tale she spins comes to life in the fire’s flames. At first, all is well, and the king is amused. But, suddenly, the story goes awry – thrown off-kilter by a spell cast by King Shahriyar’s own magician. Scheherazade finds herself magically transported to a distant desert caravanserai, where she is joined by three others – Sindbad the Sailor, Aladdin, and Ali Baba. The lives of all four depend on getting the story back on track. And the only way to do that is to locate the story’s seed – the seed of The Thousand and One Nights. A fabulous tale of mystery, magic, and a daring quest, The Arabian Nights Adventures throws together the main protagonists from the greatest and most important collection of stories ever assembled. An award-winning writer, storyteller, and expert in The Thousand and One Nights, Tahir Shah brings the ancient treasury of tales to life in a vibrant new way, recalibrating it for the time in which we live.  The Lady and her five Suitors The merchant’s wife wore fancy clothes in an offbeat way. She had glossy skin, shapely figure and had a soothing voice. No wonder she’s quite efficient in playing up the eyes of men and creating a head turning look. The lady is married to a man who is passionate about travelling. Relationships evolved and so do the feeling of love they have in each other as they grow and change. Looking at the eyes of the woman, you can see how unhappy she is in their married life. It is foreseeable that the lady fell in love and had another intimate relationship to a young man. She cannot resist the charm of the young man because of his golden suntan skin that brings out his smooth, clear complexion and defined jaw line. One fine day, her lover got into a big fight. Consequently the young man ended up in prison. Out of despair to her lover’s situation, she engaged herself to a play she is ready to risk for his lover. Using her pretty face, the lady puts make up with intense concentration and appreciation, applying lipstick and eye make up made her looked like a goddess. Spraying her perfume wrapped her in the scent of sweet hibiscus, its tropical smell is a reminder that her ambiance were quite relaxing, warm and welcoming. She went to the prison cloaked in confidence, she acted as her lover’s “elder sister.”  Kahlil Gibran Was a Lebanese-American philosophical essayist, novelist, poet, and artist. Kahlil Gibran is best known as the author of The Prophet, one of the best-selling books of all time. He was part of the Mahjar movement in Arabic literature and symbolism The Prophet By: Kahlil Gibran The Prophet has been translated into over 100 languages and is described as one of the best-selling and highly recommended books. The book is divided into 26 short chapters that are Prophet’s responses to questions posed to him at farewell. These questions range from Love, work, joy and sorrows, prayers, and pleasure, to name a few. On Love By: Kahlil Gibran The poem, ‘On Love’ was published in Kahlil Gibran’s poetry collection “The Prophet”. The poem, ‘On Love’ was published in Kahlil Gibran’s poetry collection “The Prophet”. It is a collection of 26 poems and the first poem is ‘On Love’. The book was published in 1923 by Alfred A. Knopf. Maulana Nur al-Din Abd al-Rahman,called “JAMI” Born Nov. 7, 1414 died Nov. 9, 1492 A Persian Sunni poet who is known for his achievements as a prolific scholar and writer of mystical Sufi literature. Bewildered Arab By: Jami The Bewildered Arab works as a philosophical puzzle which intends to make the philosopher (which is the Arab) question the nature of his surroundings. Ibn Amjed Ahmad ibn Mājid was an Arabian navigator and cartographer born in 1421 in Julphar, which is now known as Ras Al Khaimah. He became famous in the West as the navigator who helped Vasco da Gama find his way from Africa to India. Food Paradise By: Ibn Amjed The story is considered as one of the most important masterpieces made. It tackles about the story of hope and faith in which deals with the divinity and religious beliefs towards Allah. Vishnu Sharma (Pilpay) (c. 1000 B.C.?) He is best known for writing the Panchatantra, a collection of inter- related animal fables in Sanskrit verse and prose. The Panchatantra was written to teach the principles of politics, strategy, and moral virtues to the royal heir of a kingdom. Count Not Your Chickens before they Hatched By: Vishnu Sharma This particular tale is commonly associated with the theme of not being overconfident or counting on success before it is achieved. Thomas Eric Peet Thomas Eric Peet (1882–1934) was a notable British Egyptologist and archaeologist, renowned for his significant contributions to the study of ancient Egyptian history, language, and culture. “To Whom Should I Speak Today?” by Thomas Eric Peet The poem tells about someone who has been experiencing such sorrow ,yet ,he does not know to whom should he speak, to whom should throw up all his regrets, to whom should he confine himself for the brutal acts he had done before. Thank You