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BIODIVERSITY Geraldine P. Geñorga Learning Objectives EXPLAIN THE CONCEPT OF SPECIES START HERE CLASSIFY ORGANISMS USING...

BIODIVERSITY Geraldine P. Geñorga Learning Objectives EXPLAIN THE CONCEPT OF SPECIES START HERE CLASSIFY ORGANISMS USING THE HIERARCHICAL TAXONOMIC SYSTEM EXPLAIN THE ADVANTAGE OF HIGH BIODIVERSITY IN MAINTAINING THE STABILITY OF AN ECOSYSTEM 3 BIRDS Birds are vertebrate animals adapted for flight. Many can also run, jump, swim, and dive. Some, like penguins, have lost the ability to fly but retained their wings. Birds are found worldwide and in all habitats. The largest is the nine-foot-tall ostrich. The smallest is the two-inch-long bee hummingbird Vertebrates (warm-blooded) 4  Everything about the anatomy of a bird reflects its ability to fly. Birds have a unique digestive system that allows them to eat when they can— usually on the fly—and digest later. 5 The fossil record shows that birds evolved alongside the dinosaurs during the Jurassic period 160 million years ago. The best known fossil is archaeopteryx, which was about the size of a crow. 6 AMMAL Mammals are among the most adaptable animals on the planet. Mammals as a group use every possible form of locomotion. Terrestrial species walk, run, jump, climb, hop, swing, dig, and burrow. Aquatic ones swim, shuffle, and dive. A few even fly. All mammals share four traits : hair, mammary glands, a hinged jaw, and three tiny middle ear bones. Most have specialized teeth and moveable external ears. Vertebrates (warm-blooded) 7 FISH All fish share two traits: they live in water and they have a backbone Fish have developed special senses Fish are so diverse and are very old on the evolutionary scale Vertebrates (cold-blooded) 8 reptile Reptiles are air-breathing vertebrates covered in special skin made up of scales, bony plates, or a combination of both. All regularly shed the outer layer of their skin. Their metabolism and reproduction depends on the temperature of their environment Vertebrates (cold-blooded) 9 mphibia Amphibians are small vertebrates that need water, or a moist environment, to survive. To warn potential predators, the most toxic amphibians are also the most brightly colored. Vertebrates (cold-blooded) 10 mphibia Another special feature of most amphibians is their egg-larva-adult life cycle. To warn potential predators, the most toxic amphibians are also the most brightly colored. Vertebrates (cold-blooded) 11 12 13 PORIFERA “pori” = pores, “fera” = bearers - Multicellular but are not organized into tissues. - No body symmetry Invertebrates 14 PORIFERA Mode of reproduction – mostly sexual; few species are asexually reproduce through budding approximately 5,000–10,000 known species of sponges are filter-feeders, feeding on bacteria and other food particles in the water. Invertebrates 15 latyhelminthe Invertebrates 16 platyhelminthes Invertebrates 17 cnidari Invertebrates 18 cnidari Invertebrates 19 Annelid Invertebrates 20 chinodermat Invertebrates 21 Mollusca Invertebrates 22 Mollusca Invertebrates 23 arthropod Invertebrates 24 25 INTERACTIONS IN AN ECOSYSTEM 26  ACTIVITY: FOOD CHAIN AND FOOD WEB I. Objectives: To identify the different levels or links that compose a food chain To explain what happens in a food chain To differentiate a food chain from a food web II. Materials Notebook/writing pad Writing pen Pictures of the food chain and food web Food Chain 27 III. Procedure A. Food chain picture 1. Analyze the picture of a food chain. How many links or levels compose the food chain? 2. Infer what each of these organisms is doing in the food chain. 3. Infer the role of each of these links in the food chain. B. Food web 1. Compare the food chain with the food web. How are they similar? How are they different? Food Web 28 IV. Questions for Analysis 1. Among the organisms shown in the food chain, which organism plays the role of the following: a. Producer b. Consumer 2. Define the following: a. Herbivore b. Carnivore 3. Among the consumers (food chain), which is the final consumer? Why is the organism considered as the final consumer? 4. How many herbivores are found in the food web? Name them. 5. How many carnivores are found in the food web? Name them. 6. How many producers are involved in the food web? Name them. 7. How many food chains compose the food web? Identify at least three food chains that you can see and determine the number of links/levels in each. V. Conclusion Formulate a conclusion about some concepts and ideas you learned from this activity. 29  Flow of Energy in the Living System Energy is the capacity Energy Conservation or to do work (JOULES) Energy Transformation 42  Niche in ecology describes the role or position of an organism in its particular ecosystem. In simpler terms, niche refers to a species’ need to survive in a particular environment and its impact on that environment In simple words, while habitat is the place where an organism lives, niche on the other hand is how an organism fits into and interacts with its habitat. Flow of Energy in the Living System 43 Flow of Energy in the Living System 44 Flow of Energy in the Living System 45 Flow of Energy in the Living System 46 thank you