Periodic Table Past Paper PDF

Periodic table - Atoms and Elements Periodic table Lesson 2: THE PERIODIC TABLE MS-PS1-1 Period 1: Development of the Periodic Table WALT Explore the development of the periodic table. WILF DOK1: Define the periodic table. DOK2: Explore the arrangement of elements in the p...

Periodic table - Atoms and Elements Periodic table Lesson 2: THE PERIODIC TABLE MS-PS1-1 Period 1: Development of the Periodic Table WALT Explore the development of the periodic table. WILF DOK1: Define the periodic table. DOK2: Explore the arrangement of elements in the periodic table. DOK3: Compare modern periodic table to Mendeleev’s periodic table.  WALT: Explore the development of the periodic table. Describe the word: PERIODIC - Describe the PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS in your own words!!! WALT: Explore the development of the periodic table. PERIODIC: Recurring or Repeating pattern PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS Arrangement of elements based on its increasing atomic number from the left to the right. WALT: Explore the development of the periodic table. Periodic Table Why do you think it is important that the elements are arranged in order in the periodic table? Discuss your ideas with the person sitting next to you. Extension: Can you name any scientists responsible for the development of the periodic table? WALT: Explore the development of the periodic table. Spot the Difference These are two old versions of the periodic table. What similarities and differences can you spot? Newlands’ periodic table H F Cl Co/Ni Br Pd I Pt/Ir Newlands periodic Li Na K Cu Rb Ag Cs Tl G Mg Ca Zn Sr Cd Ba/V Pb table doesn’t have Bo Al Cr Y Ce/La U Ta Th C N Si P Ti Mn In As Zn Di/Mo Sn Sb W Nb Hg Bi group numbers. O S Fe Se Ro/Ru Te Au Os The elements are Mendeleev’s periodic table arranged in a Group I Group ll Group lll Group IV Group V Group VI Group VII Group VIII H different order. Li Be B C N O F Mendeleev has left Na Mg Al Si P S Cl gaps in his periodic K Ca Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn As Se Br table. Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo I Ru Rn Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te  WALT: Explore the Identifying an Element Given the Group development of the periodic table. and Period Number Name the element found in: group 4, period 3 Groups silicon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 group 7, period 5 2 3 Periods iodine 3 4 group 8, period 1 5 6 helium 7 group 2, period 4 calcium  WALT: Explore the development of the Questions periodic table. The element magnesium has 12 electrons. State magnesium’s group number and show how you could prove your answer is correct. Group 2 Because it has 2 electrons in its outer shell. Period 2: Using The Periodic Table WALT Explore the structure of the periodic table. WILF DOK1: Recall the criterion used to organize the elements in the periodic table. DOK2: Interpret the information within the cells of the periodic table. DOK3: Use the periodic table to locate and provide information about the different elements. Periodic table  Every element has its own unique symbol. For some elements the symbol is simply the first letter of the element’s name. – Examples: Hydrogen = H, Sulfur = S, Carbon = C  Every element has its own unique symbol. Symbols for other elements use the first letter plus one other letter of the element’s name. The first letter is CAPITALIZED and the second letter is not. – Examples: Aluminum = Al, Platinum = Pt, cadmium = Cd  Every element has its own unique symbol. The origins of some symbols are not as obvious. Some elements have symbols that refer to the element’s name in latin. – Examples: gold = Au, lead = Pb, copper = Cu  Number of elements The first 94 occur naturally on Earth, and the remaining 24 are synthetic elements produced in nuclear reactions. Synthetic (artificial/ human made)  The Father of the Periodic Table—Dmitri Mendeleev Mendeleev was the first scientist to notice the relationship between the elements ○ Arranged his periodic table by atomic mass ○ Said properties of unknown elements could be predicted by the properties of elements around the missing element ○ Predicted Aluminum (Al) It was later discovered that the periodic nature of the elements was associated with atomic number, not atomic mass ○ Periodic means patterns ○ Mendeleev's periodic table was based on the atomic mass, while the modern table is based on the atomic number  What is the chemical representation of an element? Atomic Number = 1 # of protons Elemental Symbol H Atomic Mass = actual mass of the atom *if you round, you get Atomic mass Number (# of protons plus neutrons) 1.008 Check for Understanding: Element Challenge Cards Explore: Structure of the Modern Periodic Table Watch Video The Periodic Law  The Periodic Table Column ( from top to bottom)= Group or Family 18 columns Row (left side to right side)= Period 7 rows  Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Hydrogen is the only nonmetal on the metal side Nonmetals are on the right of the stair-step Metalloids Metals are to the touch the left of the stair- stair-step step  Metalloid -Have properties of both metals and nonmetals. Example: Silicon Poor conductor as nonmetals but can be cut into thin sheets like metals. Exploration A,B,C: Guide Sheet  Exploration 1 Students will have a differentiated task of 3 levels using the information in the periodic table to answer the given questions. Row: 4 column: 9 Row: 4 column: 15 Sulfur (S) Iron (Fe)  Exploration 2 Students will have a differentiated task of 3 levels using the information in the periodic table to answer the given questions. Z= 35 A = 79.904 = 80 Br Z= P =E = 35 in a neutral atom N= A-Z N= 80 -35 N = 45 Column 17 Family: Halogen gases Row: 4  Exploration 3: Students will have a differentiated task of 3 levels using the information in the periodic table to answer the given questions. Hydrogen Oxygen Oxygen because E=P Carbon, Calcium, Chromium, Copper, Cobalt,..... Hydrogen Hafnium Hf- Z=72  Exploration 3: Students will have a differentiated task of 3 levels using the information in the periodic table to answer the given questions. Z= 73 - Tantalum Beryllium Be and Argon Ar Z= 118 - Oganesson Z= 1 - Hydrogen A= 1 - Hydrogen Period 3:Periodic Table WALT Compare elements in the same group and period. WILF DOK1: Recall the identification of subatomic particles using the periodic table. DOK2: Model the electrons and energy levels of elements in the same row and same group. DOK3: Draw conclusions about the similarities of elements that are located on the same period or same group  Recall Watch the video about grouping and families  Exploration: -Students watch a video explaining the concept of valency (electronic configuration of elements). -Teacher will show the students how to draw the Lewis dot structure. Students will have to draw the electronic configuration of the first 20 elements and describe the trend across a period. Students solve the worksheet and compare elements in the same row and same period.  Electron Configuration Surrounding the nucleus of an atom are the electron shells (or energy levels). The lowest energy level is always filled first and it is only when this is full that electrons can be placed into the next energy level. The rules for the shells are as follows: Third shell and all additional First shell can contain a Second shell can contain a shells can contain a maximum maximum of 2 electrons. maximum of 8 electrons. of 8 electrons. XX XX XX X X XX XX X X XX XX X XX XX X XX XX XX  Electron Configuration Surrounding the nucleus of an atom are the electron shells (or energy levels). The lowest energy level is always filled first and it is only when this is full that electrons can be placed into the next energy level. The rules for the shells are as follows: First shell can contain a Second shell can contain a Third shell and all additional maximum of 2 electrons. maximum of 8 electrons. shells can contain a maximum of 8 electrons. XX XX XX X X XX XX X X XX XX X XX XX X XX XX XX Electron Configuration Example oxygen 1. Work out how many electrons 16 oxygen has. 8 8 O 2. 3. Draw a nucleus with 2 shells around it. Place 2 electrons in the first shell. This electron shell is now full and X you need to put the remaining 6 X electrons in shell 2. X O X 4. Write out the electron X configuration underneath the X XX diagram. 2, 6  Electron Configuration Example magnesium 24 1. Work out how many electrons magnesium has. 12 12 Mg 2. 3. 4. Draw a nucleus with 3 shells around it. Place the electrons in the correct shells. Write out the electron configuration underneath X the diagram. XX X X XX Mg X X X XX 2, 8, 2  5 10.81 = 11 5 5 N=11-5=6 B  6 6 5P 6N 2, 3 = 5  18 7 Alkali metals Noble gases Halogens Alkaline Earth metals 1 2 13 14 17 18 3  Valence Electrons and Reactivity Valence electrons are the electrons on the outermost shell farthest from the nucleus (on the last shell). B  Lewis Dot structure This model shows the valence electrons. (not all of the electrons) Only the electrons on the last shell are shown by dots around the element. Example: valence = 5 → group/column 15 Elements in the same group  Group I , column 1 Alkali metals except for hydrogen 1 v.e Similar physical properties ,........ No, its a non-metal Because it has the lowest atomic number 1  Group I , column 1 Alkali metals except for hydrogen 1 v.e Similar physical properties ,........ No, its a non-metal Because it has the lowest atomic number 1 They have similar physical and chemical properties (very reactive) Same number of valence electrons on the outermost shell Elements in the same group/ column Fr, Cs, K  How to know the family? Valence electrons (electrons on the last shell) Group/ family 1 1 (Alkali metals are highly reactive) 2 2 (alkaline Earth metals) 3 13 4 14 5 15 6 16 7 17 (Halogens) 8 18 (Noble/Inert gases - Least reactive)  Period II , Row 2 2 Elements in the same period have the Same number of shells Elements in the same row/period  Elements in the same row/period Have the same number of shells/ energy levels. Period 1: only 1 shell Period 2: 2 shells Period 3: 3 shells... Period 7: maximum 7 shells.  waves Elaborate If a new element is to be discovered in the future with an atomic number of 119, where would you locate it in the PT.? And what would be its properties? Answer: Guess Where am i located? 2 shells → period/row 2 6 valence electrons on the last shell → column 16  The Groups/Families of the Periodic Table Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into families (or groups) based on their chemical properties. – We call them “families” because the elements in each family are “related.” Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table. Elements in each family react differently with other elements.  Summary for the whole lesson https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zg6KeXsDVwY&t=427s