APS301 Drug Glossary 2024 (1).pdf

Drug glossary paramedic and common home medicines Look at several different Ambulance service guidelines as doses, repeats, indications and contraindications etc are often different. Remember to list paediatric doses Remember to list doses for all indications A suggestion for Metoclopramide has...

Drug glossary paramedic and common home medicines Look at several different Ambulance service guidelines as doses, repeats, indications and contraindications etc are often different. Remember to list paediatric doses Remember to list doses for all indications A suggestion for Metoclopramide has been completed as an example Dexamethasone, Fexofenadine, Ibuprofen, Paracetamol, Sucrose, Fluticasone propionate (Flixotide), Perindopril, Pantoprazole, Atorvastatin Drug – generic name Metoclopramide Drug – brand names Maxolon Class Anti-emetic Indication Nausea and vomiting, prophylaxis for eye and spinal injuries or transport Mechanism of action Acts as an agonist and antagonist - this makes it a dirty drug - causes side effects It mainly binds to D2 dopamine receptors to inhibit activation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone and CNS. It also inhibits 5HT3 in the CTZ. It agonises 5HT4 receptors in the GI system which has parasympathetic effects to increase peristalsis and stomach emptying. Contraindications Suspected bowel obstruction Suspected or known haematemesis or melaena (vomiting blood or blood in faeces) Previous history of extrapyramidal / dystonic reaction (involuntary muscle contractions, Hx of tardive dyskinesia – uncontrollable movement disorder from not enough dopamine, akathisia – inability to sit still, bradykinesia – slowness in movement speed, parkinsonism – symptoms of Parkinson's) Allergy or hypersensitivity to metoclopramide Patients 16, use if ondansetron is contraindicated or ineffective after 10 mins Not a medication available in QLD or Ambulance Victoria services Drug – generic name Ondansetron Drug – brand names Zofran Class Anti-emetic Indication Nausea and vomiting Prophylaxis for eye injury, spinal immobilisation or transportation Mechanism of action A selective antagonist on serotonin (5HT3) receptors that blocks the binding of serotonin at multiple sites (GI tract, vagus nerve, vomiting centre). This blocks the released serotonin from enterochromaffin cells in the stomach from stimulating the receptors in the stomach, vagus nerve, and subsequently, the vomiting centre. Contraindications Concurrent apomorphine administration Allergy or hypersensitivity to ondansetron Patients