Applied Motor Control and Learning of Exercise, Sports, and Dance PDF

PED 207 APPLIED MOTOR CONTROL AND LEARNING OF EXERCISE , SPORTS AND DANCE Instructor : Robelin S. Tecson, LPT  MOTOR SKILL STAGES OF LEARNING -SKILL ACQUISITION  STAGES OF LEARNING – SKILL ACQUISITION 1.Cognitive Stage: 2.Associative Stage: 3. Autonomous Stage: ...

PED 207 APPLIED MOTOR CONTROL AND LEARNING OF EXERCISE , SPORTS AND DANCE Instructor : Robelin S. Tecson, LPT  MOTOR SKILL STAGES OF LEARNING -SKILL ACQUISITION  STAGES OF LEARNING – SKILL ACQUISITION 1.Cognitive Stage: 2.Associative Stage: 3. Autonomous Stage:  STAGES OF LEARNING – SKILL ACQUISITION Cognitive Stage Associative Stage Autonomous Stage Many errors Decreased frequency of Few errors Wide variability in errors errors Little variability among errors Jerkiness of movement patterns Errors are less gross Smooth, coordinated action of limbs Limbs remain “stiff” in complex Errors show particular Quick response in executing skill movements outcome bias Automaticity of performance Slow response time Basic skill requirements are All components of skill well Conscious attention needed for understood integrated Ability to attend to extraneous all, or most, skill elements Smoother movements information while still performing skill Subverbalization (“self-talk”) (jerkiness mostly disappears) well evident Quicker movements Ability to perform well in a variety of Stereotypical movements Some movement segments environmental contexts regardless of environmental appear automatic Little need for augmented feedback changes Beginning to match in correcting errors Inability to articulate movement parameters to Decreased reaction time associated appropriate movement environmental changes with decision-making mechanics Minimum expenditure of energy  Motor Ability - A trait that specifically supports the performance of motor skills. - Defined as genetically determined traits that are stable and enduring and that underlie or support the performance of motor skills Different skills rely on different combinations of motor abilities for their performance.  HOW MANY MOTOR ABILITIES ARE THERE? Most theorists believe that about 40 to 50 motor abilities underlie all human motor skill behavior, though not all have been identified, and there remains debate about the exact number (Boyle and Ackerman, 2004) The most complete system for identifying and classifying motor abilities is one developed in the mid-1960s by ergonomics engineer Edwin Fleishman.  Fleishman’s taxonomy of motor abilities: A widely used classification of motor abilities identifying 21 separate abilities. The first, perceptual-motor abilities, is comprised of motor abilities for which the central nervous system is the primary determinant of the ability’s relative strength. Second, physical proficiency motor abilities depends upon, in addition to neurological factors, such underlying physiological factors as muscle composition, the mechanical properties of muscle based on length and origin, and insertion locations, the efficiency of sensory receptors associated with movement, and other physiological factors such as lung volume and body somatotype.  Fleishman’s Taxonomy of Motor Abilities Perceptual-Motor Physical Proficiency Abilities Abilities -multi-limb coordination -explosive strength -control precision -static strength -dynamic strength -response orientation -trunk strength -rate control -extent flexibility -manual dexterity -dynamic flexibility -finger dexterity -gross body equilibrium -balance with visual cues -arm–hand steadiness -speed of limb movement -wrist–finger speed -gross body coordination -aiming -stamina TASK ANALYSIS - END