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Questions and Answers
What is the range of motor abilities theorists believe underlie human motor skill behavior?
What is the range of motor abilities theorists believe underlie human motor skill behavior?
Which of the following best describes perceptual-motor abilities according to Fleishman's taxonomy?
Which of the following best describes perceptual-motor abilities according to Fleishman's taxonomy?
Which of the following is NOT one of the perceptual-motor abilities identified by Fleishman's taxonomy?
Which of the following is NOT one of the perceptual-motor abilities identified by Fleishman's taxonomy?
What aspect is primarily considered in physical proficiency motor abilities according to Fleishman's classification?
What aspect is primarily considered in physical proficiency motor abilities according to Fleishman's classification?
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Which of the following abilities relates to 'dynamic flexibility' as per Fleishman’s taxonomy?
Which of the following abilities relates to 'dynamic flexibility' as per Fleishman’s taxonomy?
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What characterizes the cognitive stage of skill acquisition?
What characterizes the cognitive stage of skill acquisition?
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Which statement accurately describes the associative stage of skill acquisition?
Which statement accurately describes the associative stage of skill acquisition?
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What happens during the autonomous stage of motor skill acquisition?
What happens during the autonomous stage of motor skill acquisition?
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Which type of feedback is less needed during the autonomous stage?
Which type of feedback is less needed during the autonomous stage?
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What reflects the main characteristics of the cognitive stage?
What reflects the main characteristics of the cognitive stage?
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What is true about errors in the associative stage of skill acquisition?
What is true about errors in the associative stage of skill acquisition?
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What distinguishes motor ability from motor skill?
What distinguishes motor ability from motor skill?
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Which statement best describes the transition from the cognitive to the associative stage?
Which statement best describes the transition from the cognitive to the associative stage?
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Study Notes
Stages of Learning - Skill Acquisition
- Three stages: Cognitive, Associative, and Autonomous
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Cognitive Stage:
- Characterized by many errors and wide variability
- Movements are jerky and limbs remain stiff
- Slow response time, requiring conscious attention for skill elements
- Subverbalization or self-talk is evident
- Stereotypical movements regardless of environmental changes
- Inability to articulate appropriate movement mechanics
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Associative Stage:
- Decreased frequency of errors and less gross errors
- Smoother movements with jerkiness disappearing
- Quicker movements and some movement segments appearing automatic
- Beginning to match movement parameters to environmental changes
- Basic skill requirements are understood
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Autonomous Stage:
- Few errors with little variability
- Smooth and coordinated limb movements
- Quick response time with automatic performance
- All components of skill are well integrated
- Ability to attend to extraneous information while performing the skill
- Ability to perform well in a variety of environmental contexts
- Minimum need for augmented feedback in correcting errors
- Decreased reaction time associated with decision-making
- Minimum energy expenditure
Motor Ability
- A trait supporting the performance of motor skills
- Defined as genetically determined traits that are stable and endure
- Different skills rely on different combinations of motor abilities
- Estimated 40-50 motor abilities exist, though not all have been identified
- Fleishman's Taxonomy of Motor Abilities identifies 21 separate abilities, categorized into Perceptual-Motor Abilities and Physical Proficiency Abilities
Fleishman's Taxonomy of Motor Abilities
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Perceptual-Motor Abilities:
- Primarily determined by the central nervous system
- Examples: multi-limb coordination, control precision, response orientation, rate control, manual dexterity, finger dexterity, arm-hand steadiness, wrist-finger speed, aiming
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Physical Proficiency Abilities:
- Dependent on neurological and physiological factors
- Examples: explosive strength, static strength, dynamic strength, trunk strength, extent flexibility, dynamic flexibility, gross body equilibrium, balance with visual cues, speed of limb movement, gross body coordination, stamina
Task Analysis
- Not directly discussed in the text.
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Description
Explore the three distinct stages of learning: Cognitive, Associative, and Autonomous. Understand the characteristics and progression through each stage as skill mastery develops. This quiz will reinforce your knowledge of how skills are acquired and refined over time.
