Environmental Studies: Earth's Lithosphere & Terrestrial Ecosystem PDF

SUBJECT CODE : AP_127 SUBJECT : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES COURSE COORDINATOR : BINITA TAMBOLI VASTU KALA ACADEMY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE NEW DELHI SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM...

SUBJECT CODE : AP_127 SUBJECT : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES COURSE COORDINATOR : BINITA TAMBOLI VASTU KALA ACADEMY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE NEW DELHI SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  LITHOSPHERE SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  EARTH’S SPHERES SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  STRUCTURE OF EARTH AND LAYERS OF LITHOSPHERE SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  EARTH TECTONIC PLATES SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM EARTH TILT AND SOLSTICE SUMMER SOLSTICE WINTER SOLSTICE SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM TEMPERATURE ZONE SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  CLIEMATIC ZONES Cold zones/Tundra Temperate zones Subtropical zones Tropical zones Tropical zones Subtropical zones Temperate zones Cold zones/Tundra SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  TERRESTRIAL ECO SYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  CHARACTERISTICS AND IMPORTANT Terrestrial ecosystem Forest Grass Desert Characteristic Characteristic Characteristic Trees dominating habitat Grass dominating habitat with tree of medium Minimum vegetation Large tree canopy cover and smaller canopy cover and shrubs Scarcity of water grass and Insufficient water to support huge tree growth Dry & arid climate - very low rain region, Sufficient water Semiarid climate- Moderate-low rain region, very hot- very cold temperature as per Warm-humid climate- heavy-moderate very hot- very cold temperature as per season, day-night & season, dry air and high rain region, moderated temperature moderate humidity and moderate precipitation evaporation rate higher humidity, higher precipitation Prone to draught dew to uncertain precipitation Prone to draught dew to uncertain Prone to flooding dew to heavy rain Lack of nutrient soil precipitation and high evaporation Rich biodiversity Fertile soil with only where river bed or ground Lack of nutrient soil Nutrient rich Forest floor water availability Coarse soil with pours soil structure rocky Variation of soil fertility Moderate ground water and more surface substratum High ground water availability water availability Low ground and surface water availability Very low wind velocity High wind velocity SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM Forest Grass Desert As/ climatic zone As/ Main vegetation As/ climatic zone As/ Main vegetation As/ climatic zone /Topography As/ Main vegetation Savannah Sub tropical Xerophyte plants Tropical (short grass) (Hot-dry & semi- Tropical/Equatorial Evergreen Shrubs Sub tropical Steppe arid) Temperate Deciduous Annual Temperate (heighted grass) Costal Boreal/Taiga coniferous plants Prairies Cold Succulent (heighted grass) Polar plants SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  FOREST SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  GRASS LAND SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  DESERT SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  RELATIONSHIP AND IMPORTANTANCE OF TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aG_iClVjqpw SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  SUGGESTED READ 4) https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/forests/international-tropical- timber-council-concludes-with-major-decisions-including-its-extension- 92905 1) https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/lithosphere/ 2) https://www.egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/16253/1/Unit- 7.pdf 5) https://scroll.in/article/970919/indias-thar-desert-is-turning-green- that-isnt-a-good-thing 3) https://india.mongabay.com/2023/11/dachigam-national-park-at- 6) https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/hope- risk-as-forest-cover-natural-habitat-reduces-reveals-study/ for-hessarghatta-as-restoration-project-in-maharashtra-is-showing-that- grasslands-are-not-wastelands/article67202200.ece SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  SUBJECT CODE : AP_127 SUBJECT : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES COURSE COORDINATOR : BINITA TAMBOLI VASTU KALA ACADEMY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE NEW DELHI SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM COMPONENTS ENVIRONMENT Atmosphere Ecosystem NATURAL Physical Hydrosphere Interaction between Climatic living and non living Lithosphere component. Edaphic ` Abiotic Producer Biological Consumer Biotic Climate change GHG emission and Global Environment Decomposer warming Natural recourses and environmental Society degradation Towards Sustainable development Economy Cultural Politics Built or HUMAN Physical Manufactured Architecture by human MADE SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM  ECOSYSTEM The community and non-leaving environment function together as an ecological system or ecosystem. COMPONENT / STRUCTURE OF ECOSYSTEM ABIOTIC BIOTIC DECOMPOSE CLIMATIC EDAPHIC PRODUCER CONSUMER R RAIN LIGHT WIND TEMPERATURE SOIL PH MINERAL TOPOGRAPHY Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM  BIOME Biome is a large regional or sub continental system characterized by a major vegetation Types or other identified landscape aspects. SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM  TYPE OF ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM TYPES OF ECOSYSTEMS TYPES OF ECOSYSTEM Plantation/Crop land Park /Garden Botanical garden/Zoo NATURAL MANMADE Artificial lake/ water body/dam/canal AQUATIC TERRESTRIAL FRESH GRASS MARINE FOREST DESERT WATER LAND LENTIC LOTIC WET LAND COSTAL OPEN stream/river UPWELLING pond/lake marshes/ estuaries/ OCEAN swamps coral/ mangroves SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3EDEqr7haU&t=15s SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM  SUGGESTED WATCH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5wjtds2QCI SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM  SUGGESTED WATCH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rTV-56QagQM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM  SUGGESTED READ 1)https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319876388_Diversity_of_Ecosyste m_Types_in_India_A_Review 2) https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2019.0104 4) https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/16245/1/Unit- 1.pdf 3) https://testbook.com/key-differences/difference-between-biome-and- 5) https://www.sathyabama.ac.in/sites/default/files/course- ecosystem material/2020-10/UNIT-2_3.pdf SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM  SUBJECT CODE : AP_127 SUBJECT : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES COURSE COORDINATOR : BINITA TAMBOLI VASTU KALA ACADEMY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE NEW DELHI SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_ATMOSPHERE  WHAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE? SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_ATMOSPHERE  SUGGESTED WATCH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dcBXmj1nMTQ SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_ATMOSPHERE  EARTH’S SPHERES SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_ATMOSPHERE  ATMOSPHERE SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_ATMOSPHERE  STRUCTURE OF ATMOSPHERE EXOSPHERE THERMOSPHERE SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_ATMOSPHERE SOLAR RADIATION SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_ATMOSPHERE ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_ATMOSPHERE EARTH TILT AND SOLSTICE SUMMER SOLSTICE WINTER SOLSTICE SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_ATMOSPHERE TEMPERATURE ZONE SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_ATMOSPHERE  PLANETARY WIND DIRECTION SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_ATMOSPHERE  The Green House Effect SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_ATMOSPHERE  GREEN HOUSE EFFECT GREEN HOUSE GAS(GHG) CARBON DIOXIDE METHANE NITROUS OXIDE HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS (HCFCS) HYDROFLUOROCARBONS (HFCS) OZONE SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_ATMOSPHERE  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZlKWZmrNms4 SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_ATMOSPHERE  Emissions Gap Report SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_ATMOSPHERE  Emissions Gap Report SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_ATMOSPHERE GLOBAL INDUSTRY SHARE OF GHG EMISSIONS Source : EPA ,USA Source : Rhodium Group ,USA SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_ATMOSPHERE GLOBAL INDUSTRY SHARE OF CARBON EMISSIONS SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_ATMOSPHERE  OXYGEN CYCLE SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_ATMOSPHERE  CARBON CYCLE SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_ATMOSPHERE  CARBON CYCLE WITH MAJOR HARMFUL IMPACTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_ATMOSPHERE  CARBON EMISSION CARBON SINK CARBON FOOTPRINT CARBON CREDIT CARBON CURRENCY CARBON TRADING CARBON TAX CARBON NEUTRAL SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_ATMOSPHERE  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Lc_dlVrg5M SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_ATMOSPHERE  SUGGESTED READ 1) https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/what-is-climate-change 4) https://journaljsrr.com/index.php/JSRR/article/view/830/1660 5)https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256034994_Climate_Change_a 2) nd_its_Impact_on_India https://royalsociety.org/~/media/royal_society_content/policy/projects /climate-evidence-causes/climate-change-evidence-causes.pdf 3) https://www.dni.gov/files/documents/climate2030_india.pdf 6) https://carboncredits.com/the-ultimate-guide-to-understanding-carbon- credits/ SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_ATMOSPHERE  SUGGESTED WATCH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQSaoPPe2F0 SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_ATMOSPHERE  SUGGESTED WATCH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5ych9oDtk0&t=313s SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_ATMOSPHERE  SUGGESTED WATCH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5_19u8IhPo SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_ATMOSPHERE  SUGGESTED WATCH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nt2oyaP2m6Q SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_ATMOSPHERE  SUGGESTED WATCH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LiBh54ohZeo SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_ATMOSPHERE  SUGGESTED WATCH SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_ATMOSPHERE  EARTH SURFACE - SOIL SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  WHAT IS SOIL? DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ROCK, MINERAL AND SOIL? HOW DO THEY AFFECT ARCHITECTURE OR CONSTRUCTION PROCESS? SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2KUPpV-hqc4 SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  SOIL CROSS SECTION SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  FACTORS OF SOIL FORMATIONS Relief/shape of landform Parent rock or bed rock Climate Vegetation and other forms of life and Time are important factors in the formation of soil. Change in temperature Actions of running water, wind and glaciers Activities of decomposers Chemical and organic changes SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  VEGETATION AND FACTORS OF SOIL FORMATIONS OTHER FORMS OF LIFE ORGANIC ACTIVITIES OF DECOMPOSERS RAIN /WATER RUNOFF SOIL FORMATION WIND PHYSICAL TEMPERATURE PHYSICAL AND RELIEF/SHAPE OF CHEMICAL LANDFORM WEATHERING CHEMICAL CHANGES DUE TO ORGANIC PROCESS CHEMICAL PARENT ROCK OR BED ROCK SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  ROCK CYCLE SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  STAGES OF SOIL FORMATION SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  FUNCTIONS OF SOIL Role in nutrient cycles in agriculture Regulate the water Regulate the emissions of gases Degrade pollutants and filter ground water Producing clay Provide the structural material as brick, cement etc. Sequester carbon as organic matter. SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  Soil profile is a vertical cross section from surface down to the parent materials. A well- developed soil profile shows distinct horizons. SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  Temperate Tropical SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  Desert SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  SOIL DEGRADATION The fertility of land supports the growth and productivity of natural vegetation and agricultural crops. A number of natural and man-made factors lower the quality of land. This is commonly referred to as land degradation. SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  NATURAL FACTORS Heavy rains High speed wind and storms Natural disasters like earthquakes ,floods, prolonged drought, etc. ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS Mining Urbanization The indiscriminate and uncontrolled removal of trees Excess use of fertilizers Industrial discharges Overgrazing, soil erosion, etc.. SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  SOIL EROSION Soil erosion is removal of top soil from its resting place by various physical agencies like wind and water. It can be defined as “The detachment and transport of the fertile layer of soil by water or air.” It is also known as the creeping death of land. METHODS OF CONTROLLING SOIL EROSION CONTOUR CULTIVATION Strip cropping Terracing A forestation on barren land Control of overgrazing Construction of small check dams Promotion of equitable use of water resources Prevention of excavation of rocks Large scale deforestation Heavy floods in rivers Overgrazing by cattle Dry violent winds Improper agricultural techniques SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  DESERTIFICATION Conversion of fertile land into an infertile desert land is called desertification. SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF DESERTIFICATION NATURAL FACTORS Poor soil quality Rapid soil erosion Very low rainfall Unfavorable climate High salinity of soils Huge economic losses Excessive evaporation Low water table, salty and Vast difference in diurnal hard water temperature extremes ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS Over Glazing of cattle Excessive ploughing Excessive use of fertilizers Continuous cutting of trees SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  CONTROL OF DESERTIFICATION Promoting large-scale plantation of trees Changing agricultural practices and promoting dry land farming Development of pasture lands (suitable for Grazing) and control of overgrazing Promoting equitable use of water resources Development of water catchment areas-watershed management SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0F2c1ECuo4 SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  SUGGESTED WATCH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p_rRToWjvDM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  SUGGESTED READ 1) https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/29473/1/Unit-1.pdf 4) https://www.deccanherald.com/environment/climate-change-may-turn- thar-desert-green-by-centurys-end-study-2650791 2) https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/13745/1/Unit-12.pdf 5) https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/soil-degradation-has- adverse-impact-on-food-products-health/articleshow/95990307.cms 6) https://news.mongabay.com/2023/10/battling-desertification-bringing- 3) https://www.iied.org/6048iied soil-back-to-life-in-semiarid-spain/ SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  NUTRIENT CYCLES SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  NITROGEN CYCLE SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  PHOSPHORS CYCLE SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  POTASSIUM CYCLE SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  SULFUR CYCLE SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  SUGGESTED WATCH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=39akrHEIDBM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_LITHOSPHERE & TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM  SUBJECT CODE : AP_127 SUBJECT : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES COURSE COORDINATOR : BINITA TAMBOLI VASTU KALA ACADEMY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE NEW DELHI SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_HYDROSPHERE & AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM  SUGGESTED WATCH SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_HYDROSPHERE & AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM  HYDROSPHERE SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_HYDROSPHERE & AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bVNdsdQEfLI SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_HYDROSPHERE & AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM  WATER CYCLE SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_HYDROSPHERE & AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_HYDROSPHERE & AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM  WATER SOURCES WATER SOURCES FRESH WATER SALINE WATER (3%) (97%) GROUND SURFACE ICE CAPES OCEANS AND RAIN WATER WATER WATER GLACIERS SEA STREAMS/ ARTIFICIAL AQUIFER PONDS LAKES WATER FALLS / RESERVOIRS RIVERS (DAMS) CONFINED UNCONFINED SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_HYDROSPHERE & AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_HYDROSPHERE & AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_HYDROSPHERE & AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_HYDROSPHERE & AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_HYDROSPHERE & AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_HYDROSPHERE & AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_HYDROSPHERE & AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_HYDROSPHERE & AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_HYDROSPHERE & AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM  TRANSITION SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_HYDROSPHERE & AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_HYDROSPHERE & AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_HYDROSPHERE & AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_HYDROSPHERE & AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_HYDROSPHERE & AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM  WATER TEMPERATURE SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_HYDROSPHERE & AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM  PLANETARY WIND DIRECTION SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_HYDROSPHERE & AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM  OCEANIC CURRENT SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_HYDROSPHERE & AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_HYDROSPHERE & AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM  SUGGESTED WATCH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C65iqOSCZOY SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES EARTH_HYDROSPHERE & AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM  ECOSYSTEM SERVICES Climatic factor Resources & Energy Flow Social Resources factor SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM  SUGGESTED WATCH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BCH1Gre3Mg0 SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM  BIO-GEO-CHEMICAL CYCLE Food web Biogeochemical cycles mainly refer to the movement of nutrients and other elements between biotic and abiotic factors. Nutrient cycle Food chain Function Process SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM  ENERGY PYRAMID SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM  BIODIVERSITY The term biodiversity (from “biological diversity”) refers to the variety of life on Earth at all its levels, from genes to ecosystems, and can encompass the evolutionary, ecological, and cultural processes that sustain life. Why is biodiversity loss a concern? Biodiversity loss has negative effects on several aspects of human well-being, such as food security, vulnerability to natural disasters, energy security, and access to clean water and raw materials. SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM  SUGGESTED WATCH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GK_vRtHJZu4 SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM  EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON BIODIVERSITY The increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, such as co2, in the earth’s atmosphere are causing the planet’s climate system to retain more energy. The effects of increased co2 in the atmosphere and changing climatic conditions are expected to include: More frequent extreme high maximum temperatures and less frequent extreme low minimum temperatures, and warmer winter conditions Decreased snow cover Increased climate variability, with changes in both the frequency and severity of extreme weather events Increased sea levels Increased ocean acidification The number of extreme rainfall events—such as those leading to flooding—is also expected to increase. Ocean acidification: These are the 3 main concepts. More co2 in the atmosphere means more co2 in the ocean; Atmospheric co2 is dissolved in the ocean, which becomes more acidic; The resulting changes in the chemistry of the oceans disrupts the ability of plants and animals in the sea to make shells and skeletons of calcium carbonate, while dissolving shells already formed. SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RaQBaVeEbW8 SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM  SUGGESTED READ 3) https://www.cseindia.org/india-has-lost-90-per-cent-of-the-area-under- its-biodiversity-hotspots-says-cse-s-new-statistical-analysis-10838 1) https://snrd-asia.org/download/The-Economics-of-Ecosystems-and- Biodivesity-India-Initiative-Interim-Report.pdf 2) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294876262_Biodiversity_Concept_T hreats_and_Conservation SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM  SUGGESTED WATCH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZvhdTIbPS9s SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM  SUGGESTED WATCH https://www.ted.com/talks/tshering_tobgay_an_urgent_call_to_protect_the_world_s_third_pole?language=en SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM  SUGGESTED WATCH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qYgF80274f0 SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM  SUGGESTED WATCH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3MNWGbxbZTM SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM  SUGGESTED WATCH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zbEnOYtsXHA SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM  SUBJECT CODE : AP_127 SUBJECT : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES COURSE COORDINATOR : BINITA TAMBOLI VASTU KALA ACADEMY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE NEW DELHI SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES INTRODUCTION  WORD GAME SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES INTRODUCTION  1. Environment 2. Climate 3. Pollution 4. Human being 5. Nature 6. Water 7. Animal 8. Waste 9. Habitat 10. Survive SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES INTRODUCTION SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES INTRODUCTION  ENVIRONMENT “A natural world in which we live in.” -Oxford dictionary “The air, water, land in or on which people ,animal and plants live.” -Cambridge dictionary Final analysis of everything (physical, chemical and biological) present outside and individual is called environment. -S.V.S Rana Multidisciplinary: Environmental Studies requires skills that encompass a range of disciplines including chemistry, biology, earth sciences, atmospheric science, statistics, mathematics, and geography. It involves the study and understanding of the fact that even a single phenomenon can affect the environment in a variety of ways with varying degrees of complexity. SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES INTRODUCTION  Why do we need to study environment? SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES INTRODUCTION  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VaTgTiUhEJg SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES INTRODUCTION  Agriculture Industrialization Urbanization Rapid increase in population Modernization Excessive Waste generation Deforestation Global warming Desertification Water pollution SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES INTRODUCTION  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7LDk4D3Q3U SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES INTRODUCTION THE 17 GOALS _ UNITED NATIONS SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES INTRODUCTION COMPONENTS ENVIRONMENT Atmosphere Ecosystem NATURAL Physical Hydrosphere Interaction between Climatic living and non living Lithosphere component. Edaphic ` Abiotic Producer Biological Consumer Biotic Climate change GHG emission and Global ENVIRONMENT Decomposer warming Natural recourses and environmental Society degradation Towards Sustainable development Economy Cultural Politics Built or HUMAN Physical Manufactured Architecture by human MADE SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES INTRODUCTION  ECOLOGY “Total relationship of animal to both organic and inorganic environment.” -Ernest Haeckel “Scientific natural history.” -Charles Elton “Ecology is the scientific study of interaction that determines the distribution and abundance of organisms.” -Charles J. Kerbrs “A multidisciplinary science which deals with organism and its place to live and focus on the ecosystem” -Smith(1977) LEVELS OF ECOLOGY “Ecology is the study of “LIFE AT HOME” with emphasis on the totality or pattern of relationship between organism and their environment.” - Mrriam-Webstre’s collegiate dictionary SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES INTRODUCTION  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VFkQSGyeCWg SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES INTRODUCTION  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hfCZChYyF10 SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES INTRODUCTION  SUGGESTED WATCH SEMESTER - I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES INTRODUCTION