Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Drugs Part 1.docx

Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Drugs 1\. \*\*What is the main therapeutic use of sedatives?\*\* \- A) To produce sleep \- B) To reduce anxiety \- C) To reduce CNS depression \- D) To increase CNS stimulation \*\*Answer\*\*: B) To reduce anxiety 2\. \*\*Which of the following is a defining feature of...

Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Drugs 1\. \*\*What is the main therapeutic use of sedatives?\*\* \- A) To produce sleep \- B) To reduce anxiety \- C) To reduce CNS depression \- D) To increase CNS stimulation \*\*Answer\*\*: B) To reduce anxiety 2\. \*\*Which of the following is a defining feature of hypnotic drugs?\*\* \- A) Encourage drowsiness \- B) Increase anxiety \- C) Produce euphoria \- D) Improve memory retention \*\*Answer\*\*: A) Encourage drowsiness 3\. \*\*What distinguishes a hypnotic drug from a sedative?\*\* \- A) Sedatives only work on GABA receptors \- B) Hypnotics involve more pronounced CNS depression \- C) Sedatives cause sleep \- D) Hypnotics stimulate CNS activity \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Hypnotics involve more pronounced CNS depression : 4\. \*\*What does the term \'tolerance\' refer to?\*\* \- A) The increase in drug effect with repeated use \- B) Development of psychological dependence \- C) A reduced drug effect with repeated use \- D) Physical dependence on a drug \*\*Answer\*\*: C) A reduced drug effect with repeated use 5\. \*\*What is a characteristic of drug dependence?\*\* \- A) Reduced drug effectiveness \- B) Increased drug efficacy \- C) Development of withdrawal symptoms \- D) Cross-tolerance to other drug classes \*\*Answer\*\*: C) Development of withdrawal symptoms 6\. \*\*Cross-tolerance is when a patient:\*\* \- A) Develops tolerance to other drugs within the same class \- B) Exhibits withdrawal from different drug classes \- C) Shows enhanced effect from related drugs \- D) Is immune to withdrawal symptoms \*\*Answer\*\*: A) Develops tolerance to other drugs within the same class 7\. \*\*What is the main pharmacokinetic factor determining how sedative-hypnotics enter the CNS?\*\* \- A) Half-life \- B) Lipophilicity \- C) Protein binding \- D) Water solubility \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Lipophilicity 8\. \*\*Which class of drugs crosses the placental barrier during pregnancy, potentially affecting the fetus?\*\* \- A) Z-drugs \- B) Barbiturates \- C) Benzodiazepines \- D) All of the above \*\*Answer\*\*: D) All of the above 9\. \*\*Which metabolic pathway do most benzodiazepines undergo for clearance?\*\* \- A) Phase 1 oxidation \- B) Phase 2 glucuronidation \- C) Direct renal excretion \- D) Hepatic hydroxylation \*\*Answer\*\*: A) Phase 1 oxidation 10\. \*\*What are the primary metabolites of alprazolam and triazolam?\*\* \- A) Active metabolites \- B) Inactive metabolites \- C) Direct excretion metabolites \- D) All of the above \*\*Answer\*\*: A) Active metabolites 11\. \*\*What is the half-life of phenobarbital?\*\* \- A) 1-2 days \- B) 4-5 days \- C) 10-12 hours \- D) Less than 1 day \*\*Answer\*\*: B) 4-5 days 12\. \*\*How does zolpidem differ from older barbiturates?\*\* \- A) Longer half-life \- B) Rapid metabolism to inactive metabolites \- C) Higher potential for dependence \- D) Shorter duration of action \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Rapid metabolism to inactive metabolites 13\. \*\*What is the mechanism of action of GABAA receptor activation?\*\* \- A) Depolarization of the neuron \- B) Hyperpolarization by chloride ions \- C) Activation of potassium channels \- D) Inhibition of sodium channels \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Hyperpolarization by chloride ions 14\. \*\*Which subunit of the GABAA receptor is responsible for benzodiazepine binding?\*\* \- A) Alpha subunit \- B) Gamma subunit \- C) Beta subunit \- D) Both alpha and gamma subunits \*\*Answer\*\*: D) Both alpha and gamma subunits 15\. \*\*What is the effect of benzodiazepines on the frequency of GABAA channel opening?\*\* \- A) Increase frequency \- B) Decrease frequency \- C) Block opening \- D) No effect \*\*Answer\*\*: A) Increase frequency 16\. \*\*Which receptor subunits do benzodiazepines bind to on the GABAA receptor?\*\* \- A) Alpha and beta subunits \- B) Beta and gamma subunits \- C) Alpha and gamma subunits \- D) Alpha and delta subunits \*\*Answer\*\*: C) Alpha and gamma subunits 17\. \*\*Which subunit do \"Z-drugs\" selectively bind to on the GABAA receptor?\*\* \- A) Alpha-2 subunit \- B) Alpha-3 subunit \- C) Alpha-1 subunit \- D) Alpha-5 subunit \*\*Answer\*\*: C) Alpha-1 subunit 18\. \*\*How do benzodiazepines modulate GABAA receptors?\*\* \- A) Increase the duration of channel opening events \- B) Increase the frequency of channel opening events \- C) Directly activate GABA receptors \- D) Block GABA receptor activity \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Increase the frequency of channel opening events