Societies of the Americas to 1492 PDF Answer Key

Module 1: American Beginnings Societies of the Americas to 1492 Early Peoples of the Americas Native Location Religion Social Organization...

Module 1: American Beginnings Societies of the Americas to 1492 Early Peoples of the Americas Native Location Religion Social Organization Land Use Language American Group The Olmec Gulf coastal lowlands of Polytheistic: Small elite class Agriculture Mixe-Zoquean present-day Mexico, in The Olmecs were consisting of rulers and Urbanization the states of Tabasco and polytheistic, believing priests who held Ball Courts for ritualistic Veracruz in many gods who significant political and games. controlled the natural religious power, while the Basalt stone heads forces of life. majority of the population were farmers and commoners belonging to a lower social class, with limited mobility between the two tiers The Maya Mexico: Chiapas and The Maya had a Ruling class Agriculture Proto-Mayan, which was Yucatán polytheistic religion Non-noble elites Dredging and refinishing: spoken over 5,000 years Guatemala: The entire that was an important Commoners create fresh water source ago: many sub-languages. country part of their culture. Slaves Extracting materials: Belize: The entire country Their beliefs included various stones for weapon Honduras: The western Animism and building portion Divinity El Salvador: The western Nature gods portion Bloodletting Nicaragua: Part of the Sacrifice region Developed a calendar Major city: Chichen Itza  Group Location Religion Social Organization Land Use Language The Aztec central and southern polytheistic and Nobility (pipiltin) Chinampas (floating Nahuatl, the most Mexico syncretistic Commoners gardens) important of the Human sacrifice Slaves agriculture, including Uto-Aztecan languages Calendar system irrigation, terracing, and 365 based on solar drained fields year 260 based on sacred year The Inca Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Polytheistic: a strict hierarchy with the Terrace farming Quechua, an oral Bolivia, and Argentina. Inti: The sun god, who "Sapa Inca" (emperor) at Irrigation language that was passed Machu Picchu was the most revered the top, followed by a Fertilization down through storytelling Mama Killa: The royal family, a noble Crop rotation and speaking moon goddess class, and then the Drainage Illapa: The thunder majority commoner Storing food god population Draining wetlands Pachamama: The earth Quipu, a system of goddess knotted strings for record Wiracocha: The keeping creator god Apu Illapu: The rain god The Hohokam southern Arizona and the Platform mounds: for Clans = elites Irrigation canals Variety of Tepiman Phoenix Basin ceremonies Extended families = Crops Dual cemeteries commoners Ballcourts Rock art: based on Reservoirs relics of rituals The Anasazi Four Corners region of deep respect for nature Relatively simple social Farming did not have a written the United States, which and their belief in a structure with no clear Building language includes parts of, Arizona Great Spirit class system or rigid Land conservation Colorado Deities hierarchy. Land art  New Mexico Animism Utah Ancestor worship Kivas: platform rituals Astronomy Group Location Religion Social Organization Land Use Language The Adena, Primarily located in the Burial mounds Mississippian: Defined Hunter-gatherers Unknown Hopewell, Ohio River Valley Ancestral veneration social classes Little use of agriculture burial practices Elites and Adena and Hopewell: reflecting social status. Commoners Mississippian Kentucky, Indiana, and Location West Virginia Adena + Hopewell: Symbolic imagery: art No clear hierarchy, Mississippian: replicating spiritual leaders gained status Mississippi River Valley beliefs through skills and Southeast region The Kwakiutl Pacific Northwest Mythology: believed Nobility Hunter-gatherer Kwakʼwala in a variety of realms, Aristocracy Fishing including the mortal Commoners Lumber work (houses + world, the sky world, Slaves canoes) the land beneath the sea, and the ghost world Supernatural power The Pueblo Mainly in New Mexico Kachina: belief that No strict hierarchy, Farming Language varies between Some in Arizona and more than 500 divine leaders gained status Hunter-gatherer different Pueblo tribes Texas and ancestral spirits through skills and interacting with ancestry Eastern Pueblos: humans Primarily speak Tanoan and Keresan languages Many variations Western Pueblos: Acoma and Laguna speak  Keresan, while Zuni speak the Zuni language Hopi language: Uto-Aztecan language Group Location Religion Social Organization Land Use Language The Iroquois Upstate New York to Monotheistic and Nested system of family, Farming Many variations of the southern Ontario and centered on the Great clans, moieties, and tribes Hunter-gatherer Iroquois language Quebec, and parts of Spirit, the creator of all Taming the forest, Pennsylvania things controlled burns Mohawk Oneida Cayuga Onondaga Seneca Tuscarora Cherokee