ANSCI 43A Beef, Practical 3 - PDF

ANSCI 43A BEEF, CARABEEF, CHEVON AND MUTTON PRODUCTION Practical 3 – NUTRITION NUTRIENTS NEEDED IN RUMINANTS’ FEED Energy- Most energy required is supplied by carbohydrates and fats found in forage and grain.  Protein- This nutrient is essential for growth, repa...

ANSCI 43A BEEF, CARABEEF, CHEVON AND MUTTON PRODUCTION Practical 3 – NUTRITION NUTRIENTS NEEDED IN RUMINANTS’ FEED Energy- Most energy required is supplied by carbohydrates and fats found in forage and grain.  Protein- This nutrient is essential for growth, repair of old tissues, milk production, and development of unborn kid. NUTRIENTS NEEDED IN RUMINANTS’ FEED Minerals. These are essential for growth and reproduction. These are mostly calcium and phosphorus, which are found chiefly in the skeleton. Vitamins. These are feed nutrients which are needed in very small quantities but which are essential to life.  Water The animal body is 56-70 percent water. Water helps liquefy the nutrients fermented in the digestive process CLASSIFICATION OF COMMON FEED INGREDIENTS FOR RUMINANTS  Roughages These are feeds containing relatively large amounts of fiber or digestible material (legumes, ipil-ipil, napier, etc.).  Concentrates These are feeds which have a comparatively high digestibility (rice bran, corn bran, bone meal, molasses, etc.)  Feed Additives These are chemical compounds that are included in animal rations but do not supply nutrients to the animals (natural antibacterial/antimicrobial, etc.). CLASSIFICATION OF COMMON FEED INGREDIENTS FOR RUMINANTS Mineral Supplements The function of mineral elements in goats is to provide structural support for the body (salt, oyster shell, wood ash, mineral supplements). Vitamins’ Supplements The dietary vitamin requirements of ruminants like goats are relatively simple due to the nature of feeds they CLASSIFICATION OF FEED STUFF A. Concentrates feeds 1. Basal or Carbonaceous- those feed materials rich in energy (less than 20 percent) Example: cereal grains - Yellow corn, rice bran D1, Sorghum, barley, oats, wheat pollard. Root crops- Cassava, gabi, camote Oil/ Fats- coconut oil, fish oil, tallow Mollases- sugarcane molasses CLASSIFICATION OF FEED STUFF A. Concentrates feeds 2. Protein concentrates- those feed materials either pure or mixed rich protein either plant and animal origin (more than 20% CP) CLASSIFICATION OF FEED STUFF A. Concentrates feeds 2. Protein concentrates Example: Plant protein- soybean meal, peanut meal, cotton seed meal, copra meal, ipil-ipil leaf meal, sunflower seed meal rubber seed meal and etc. Animal protein- meat and bone meal, blood meal, feather meal, tankage, skim milk, animal waste and etc. Single proteins- produced by yeast or bacteria Non-protein-nitrogen- urea may be fed to ruminants but not for swine and poultry CLASSIFICATION OF FEED STUFF A. Concentrates feeds 3. Mineral and Vitamins Supplements Minerals (Macro)- Limestone, Oyster shell, Bone meal, Dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, Mono dicalcium phosphate, calcium bicarbonate, salt Mineral (Micro)- are either pure or synthetic preparation which are commercially available in premixes Vitamins- are either pure or synthetic preparations which are available commercially in premixes CLASSIFICATION OF FEED STUFF B. ROUGHAGE -are feed materials with higher proportion of fiber or non-digestible materials (more than 18%) with relatively poor digestibility CLASSIFICATION OF FEED STUFF B. ROUGHAGE Roughages are classified into: 1. Succulent roughages 2. Dry roughages CLASSIFICATION OF FEED STUFF B. ROUGHAGE Roughages are classified into: 1. Succulent roughages  Soilage- green fodder that are cut by human and feed to the animal fresh  Pasture- green fodder/grass that are graze by animal in the field  Silage- grass or crop residues that are being process (compressed and stored under anaerobic condition in container called silo) thru fermentation before being fed to animals. CLASSIFICATION OF FEED STUFF B. ROUGHAGE Roughages are classified into: 2. Dry roughages- contains less water  Hay- are either grasses or legumes consisting of the leaves, flowers and stems being cut and cured either by sun or air drying; by dehydrating green forage to a moisture content of 15% or less  Straw- are mostly from cereal crop residues which contains high percentage of indigestible fiber and are low in digestible carbohydrates, protein, vitamins and minerals. PASTURE AND FORAGE CROPS FOR RUMINANTS GRASSES 1. Napier grass- Pennisetum purpureum 2. Guinea grass- Panicum maximum 3. Para grass- Brachiaria mutica 4. Star grass- Cynodon plectostachyus 5. Bagocboc- Themeda triandra 6. Cogon- Imperata cylindrical 7. Alabang X- Andropogon nodosus PASTURE AND FORAGE CROPS FOR RUMINANTS LEGUMES 1. Centrosema- Centrosema pubescens 2. Kudzo- Pueraria phaseoloides 3. Calopogonium- Calopogonium muconoides 4. Stylo- Stylosanthes guianensis 5. Siratro Macroptilium atropurpureum 6. Pinto Peanut- Arachis pintoi 7. Ipil-Ipil- Leucaena leucocephala 8. Kakawate Glyricidia sepium 9. Madre de agua- Tricanthera gigantea 10. Indigofera Indigofera anil 11. Sesbania- Sesbania grandiflora 12. Calliandra Calliandra calothyrsus 13. Rensonii- Desmodium cinereum 14. Flemengia Flemigia macrophylla SOME LOCAL INGREDIENTS FOR RUMINANT FEED  Corn This is the most popular grain used for feeds. High in total digestible nutrients, low in fiber, and higher in fat.  Corn bran A by-product of corn milling industry. It consist of broken grains of corn and bran, rich in protein.  Rice bran Called “tiki-tiki”, the good quality fine rice bran contains an adequate amount of fat. First class bran contains approximately 11% crude protein. SOME LOCAL INGREDIENTS FOR RUMINANT FEED  Sorghum This is very similar to corn in feed value except that is lower in fat.  Copra meal This is what is left of the coconut meat after the oil has been removed or extracted.  Soybean oil meal This is a by-product after extracting the soybean oil. It contains about 44% crude protein and is also a good source of energy. SOME LOCAL INGREDIENTS FOR RUMINANT FEED Mungo This legume is a human food, it can also be given to goats in place of oil meal.  Molasses This is practically all carbohydrates with only 3% crude protein.  Ipil-ipil. As a leaf meal, it contains 21% crude protein. End of Presentation