ANAPHY CELLS.docx

1. What is the basic unit of life? (Answer: b) a) Organelle b) Cell c) Tissue d) Organ 2. Which of the following is NOT a function of cells? (Answer: e) a) Synthesis of molecules b) Communication c) Cell metabolism d) Reproductive and inheritance e) Photosynthesis (in all cell types)...

1. What is the basic unit of life? (Answer: b) a) Organelle b) Cell c) Tissue d) Organ 2. Which of the following is NOT a function of cells? (Answer: e) a) Synthesis of molecules b) Communication c) Cell metabolism d) Reproductive and inheritance e) Photosynthesis (in all cell types) 3. What is the jelly-like substance that holds organelles? (Answer: c) a) Nucleus b) Cell membrane c) Cytoplasm d) Extracellular matrix 4. The outermost component of a cell that acts as a selective barrier is the: (Answer: b) a) Nucleus b) Cell membrane c) Cytoplasm d) Mitochondrion 5. The structure of the cell membrane is described as: (Answer: b) a) Solid mosaic model b) Fluid mosaic model c) Rigid bilayer model d) Single layer model 6. Which part of the phospholipid in the cell membrane is hydrophilic? (Answer: b) a) Tails b) Heads c) Both tails and heads d) Neither tails nor heads 7. The hydrophobic regions of phospholipids in the cell membrane are: (Answer: a) a) Tails b) Heads c) Both tails and heads d) Neither tails nor heads 8. Where are ribosomes located in the cell? (Answer: c) a) Nucleus b) Cell membrane c) Cytoplasm d) Extracellular space 9. Which organelle is responsible for modifying protein structure and packaging proteins in secretory vesicles? (Answer: c) a) Rough endoplasmic reticulum b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum c) Golgi apparatus d) Lysosome 10. The site of aerobic respiration and the major site of ATP synthesis is the: (Answer: c) a) Nucleus b) Ribosome c) Mitochondrion d) Golgi apparatus 11. Which cellular structure is responsible for propelling sperm cells? (Answer: b) a) Cilia b) Flagella c) Microvilli d) Centrioles 12. What is the process of movement of molecules from areas of high to low concentration? (Answer: d) a) Active transport b) Facilitated diffusion c) Osmosis d) Diffusion 13. Which of the following does NOT require ATP? (Answer: b) a) Active transport b) Facilitated diffusion c) Sodium-potassium pump d) Osmosis 14. In a hypotonic solution: (Answer: b) a) Water moves out of the cell b) Water moves into the cell c) The cell shrinks d) There is no net movement of water 15. The process of cell shrinkage in a hypertonic solution is called: (Answer: b) a) Lysis b) Crenation c) Osmosis d) Filtration 16. In which type of solution does the cell remain intact with no net movement of water? (Answer: c) a) Hypotonic b) Hypertonic c) Isotonic d) Hypertrophic 17. What is the main function of the nucleus? (Answer: c) a) Protein synthesis b) Lipid synthesis c) Contains genetic material (DNA) and site of RNA synthesis d) Energy production 18. Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis? (Answer: b) a) Nucleus b) Ribosomes c) Golgi apparatus d) Mitochondrion 19. What is the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? (Answer: c) a) Lipid synthesis b) Detoxification c) Protein synthesis d) ATP production 20. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for: (Answer: c) a) Protein synthesis b) RNA synthesis c) Lipid synthesis and detoxification d) Packaging proteins for secretion 21. Which organelle contains enzymes that digest material taken into the cell? (Answer: c) a) Mitochondrion b) Golgi apparatus c) Lysosome d) Peroxisome 22. What is the function of microtubules in the cell? (Answer: d) a) Protein synthesis b) Lipid synthesis c) Energy production d) Support cytoplasm and assist in cell division 23. Centrioles are involved in: (Answer: b) a) Protein modification b) Facilitating movement of chromosomes during cell division c) ATP synthesis d) Detoxification 24. What is the main function of cilia? (Answer: c) a) Increase surface area of cells b) Propel sperm cells c) Move substances over surfaces of certain cells d) Facilitate cell division 25. Microvilli function to: (Answer: b) a) Move substances over cell surfaces b) Increase surface area of certain cells c) Propel cells d) Package proteins for secretion 26. The process of movement of fluid through a partition with holes is called: (Answer: c) a) Diffusion b) Osmosis c) Filtration d) Active transport 27. What type of transport mechanism requires no ATP? (Answer: a) a) Facilitated diffusion b) Active transport c) Sodium-potassium pump d) Both b and c 28. Osmosis is defined as: (Answer: b) a) The movement of all molecules across a cell membrane b) The diffusion of water across a cell membrane c) The active transport of water into a cell d) The movement of solutes from high to low concentration 29. In which solution would a cell burst (lysis)? (Answer: a) a) Hypotonic solution b) Hypertonic solution c) Isotonic solution d) None of the above 30. The force required to prevent movement of water across a cell membrane is called: (Answer: c) a) Hydrostatic pressure b) Turgor pressure c) Osmotic pressure d) Atmospheric pressure 31. What is the process that brings materials into the cell using vesicles? (Answer: Endocytosis) a) Exocytosis b) Endocytosis c) Phagocytosis d) Pinocytosis 32. Which type of endocytosis is known as \"cell eating\"? (Answer: Phagocytosis) a) Pinocytosis b) Exocytosis c) Phagocytosis d) Cytoplasm 33. What is the function of the cytoplasm? (Answer: Give cell shape and hold organelles in place) a) Houses DNA b) Produces ATP c) Digests foreign material d) Give cell shape and hold organelles in place 34. Where is the nucleus typically located in a cell? (Answer: Center of the cell) a) Edge of the cell b) Center of the cell c) Inside the mitochondria d) On the cell surface 35. What is the function of nuclear pores? (Answer: Where materials pass in and out of the nucleus) a) Produce ribosomes b) Synthesize lipids c) Where materials pass in and out of the nucleus d) Digest foreign material 36. What are chromosomes made of? (Answer: DNA and proteins) a) Only DNA b) Only proteins c) DNA and proteins d) RNA and lipids 37. What is the function of the nucleolus? (Answer: Produce ribosomes) a) Houses DNA b) Produce ribosomes c) Synthesize lipids d) Package proteins 38. Which organelle is the site of lipid synthesis? (Answer: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum) a) Rough endoplasmic reticulum b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum c) Golgi apparatus d) Mitochondria 39. What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? (Answer: Collect, sort, package, and distribute proteins and lipids) a) Produce ATP b) Digest foreign material c) Collect, sort, package, and distribute proteins and lipids d) Produce ribosomes 40. Which organelle contains enzymes that digest foreign material? (Answer: Lysosome) a) Ribosome b) Mitochondria c) Lysosome d) Golgi apparatus 41. What is the main function of mitochondria? (Answer: Produces ATP) a) Houses DNA b) Produces ATP c) Synthesizes lipids d) Digests foreign material 42. What is the characteristic of cilia? (Answer: Many per cell) a) One per cell b) Many per cell c) Shorter than microvilli d) Located inside the nucleus 43. How many flagella are typically found on a cell? (Answer: 1 per cell) a) Many per cell b) 1 per cell c) None d) Varies depending on cell type 44. What is the function of microvilli? (Answer: Increase surface area) a) Move the cell b) Produce ATP c) Increase surface area d) Digest foreign material 45. What is the cytoskeleton? (Answer: Cell\'s framework made of proteins) a) Outer membrane of the cell b) Cell\'s framework made of proteins c) Liquid inside the cell d) Genetic material of the cell 46. Which type of cytoskeleton component has the largest diameter? (Answer: Microtubules) a) Microtubules b) Intermediate filaments c) Microfilaments d) All have the same diameter 47. What is the function of intermediate filaments? (Answer: Maintain cell shape) a) Provide structural support b) Maintain cell shape c) Involved in cell movement d) Form cilia and flagella 48. Which cytoskeleton component is involved in cell movement? (Answer: Microfilaments) a) Microtubules b) Intermediate filaments c) Microfilaments d) All of the above 49. What process carries materials out of the cell using vesicles? (Answer: Exocytosis) a) Endocytosis b) Phagocytosis c) Pinocytosis d) Exocytosis 50. Which organelle is responsible for producing ribosomes? (Answer: Nucleolus) a) Mitochondria b) Golgi apparatus c) Nucleolus d) Lysosome 51. What determines a cell\'s characteristics? A) The type of proteins produced (Correct) B) The size of the cell C) The number of organelles D) The amount of cytoplasm 52. Where is DNA located in a eukaryotic cell? A) Cytoplasm B) Mitochondria C) Nucleus (Correct) D) Ribosomes 53. What is the composition of DNA? A) Amino acids B) Nucleotides (Correct) C) Lipids D) Carbohydrates 54. Which sugar is found in DNA? A) Ribose B) Glucose C) Fructose D) Deoxyribose (Correct) 55. What are the three stages in the flow of genetic information (Central Dogma)? A) Replication, Transcription, Translation (Correct) B) Mitosis, Meiosis, Cytokinesis C) G1, S, G2 D) Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase 56. Where does transcription occur? A) Ribosomes B) Nucleus (Correct) C) Mitochondria D) Endoplasmic reticulum 57. What is produced during transcription? A) DNA B) Proteins C) mRNA (Correct) D) tRNA 58. What are codons? A) Enzymes that regulate chemical reactions B) Set of three nucleotide bases that code for a particular amino acid (Correct) C) Proteins that direct gene expression D) Structures that hold chromatids together 59. Where does translation occur? A) Nucleus B) Mitochondria C) Ribosomes (Correct) D) Golgi apparatus 60. What is produced during translation? A) DNA B) RNA C) Lipids D) Proteins (Correct) 61. How many chromosomes are in a normal human somatic cell? A) 23 B) 46 (Correct) C) 92 D) 48 62. Which type of cell division occurs in all cells except sex cells? A) Meiosis B) Mitosis (Correct) C) Binary fission D) Budding 63. What are the two strands of genetically identical chromosomes called? A) Centromeres B) Centrioles C) Chromatids (Correct) D) Chromatin 64. What is the structure where two chromatids are connected? A) Centrosome B) Centromere (Correct) C) Centriole D) Chiasma 65. During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes align at the cell\'s equator? A) Prophase B) Metaphase (Correct) C) Anaphase D) Telophase 66. In which stage of mitosis do chromatids separate to form two sets of chromosomes? A) Prophase B) Metaphase C) Anaphase (Correct) D) Telophase 67. During which phase does DNA replication occur? A) Prophase B) Metaphase C) Anaphase D) Interphase (Correct) 68. What is the state of DNA called when it\'s not condensed into chromosomes? A) Chromatids B) Chromatin (Correct) C) Centromeres D) Centrioles 69. How many chromosomes are in a normal human gamete (sperm or egg)? A) 23 (Correct) B) 46 C) 92 D) 48 70. What pairs with codons during translation? A) Other codons B) Amino acids C) Anticodons (Correct) D) Nucleotides