Fuel and Lubricants (AMT 2103) Preliminary Module PDF

FUEL AND LUBRICANTS (AMT 2103) PRELIM MODULE (FLEXIBLE)  Module 01: Introduction: History of Fuel INTRODUCTION LEARNING OUTCOMES LECTURE/DISCUSSION ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY REFERENCE  TABLE OF CONTENTS...

FUEL AND LUBRICANTS (AMT 2103) PRELIM MODULE (FLEXIBLE)  Module 01: Introduction: History of Fuel INTRODUCTION LEARNING OUTCOMES LECTURE/DISCUSSION ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY REFERENCE  TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Ref. no Page Introduction 1 7 History of Fuel 1&2 8 Enrichment Activity 16 Honesty Clause 17 Rubrics 18  TABLE OF REFERENCES References No. Fuel History, Retrived from, https://www.i- fink.com/history-of-fuel/ https://www.centennialofflight.net/ 1 Aeronautics Guide, ( Types of Aviation Fuel ) Retrived from https://www.aircraftsystemstech.com/2017/06/types-of-aviation- 2 fuel.html TIMEFRAME: You should be able to complete this module including all the self- assessments, research works, assignments, and other performance tasks within 2.62 hours.  LEARNING OUTCOMES Course Learning Outcomes [CLO] Module Learning Outcomes [MLO] CLO1. The students will be able to identify the history of fuel. Topic Learning Outcomes CLO2. Name the person behind MLO1. Recognize the history of [TLO] fuels the development of fuel in the TLO1. Describe the aircraft fuel field of aviation. MLO2. Explain the innovation of and lubricants in aviation. fuels. TLO2. Identify the events in ML03. Able to state the history were aviation fuel was innovation of fuel in aviation. invented. INTRODUCTION Many parts of a successful aircraft are easily visible he control surfaces, engines, wings, fuselage, and structure for instance. But the fuel that powers the engines is equally important, though not nearly as visible. Aircraft engines, from powerful piston engines to jet turbines, have always required a more sophisticated form of fuel than most ground vehicles, and the technological development of this fuel to power the engines is just as significant as other technological advances.  HISTORY OF FUEL Many parts of a successful aircraft are easily visible the control surfaces, engines, wings, fuselage, and structure for instance. But the fuel that powers the engines is equally important, though not nearly as visible. Aircraft engines, from powerful piston engines to jet turbines, have always required a more sophisticated form of fuel than most ground vehicles, and the technological development of this fuel to power the engines is just as significant as other technological advances. HISTORY OF FUEL For the first few decades of flight, aircraft engines simply used the same kind of gasoline that powered automobiles. But simple gasoline was not necessarily the best fuel for the large, powerful engines used by piston-driven airplanes that were developed in the 1930s and 1940s. HISTORY OF FUEL Before World War II, Major Jimmie Doolittle realized that if the United States got involved in the war in Europe, it would require large amounts of aviation fuel with high octane. Doolittle was already famous in the aviation community as a racing pilot and for his support of advanced research and development (and would later earn even wider fame as head of the 1942 B-25 bombing raid on Tokyo). In the 1930s, he headed the aviation fuels section of the Shell Oil Company.  HISTORY OF FUEL Fuel is rated according to its level of octane. High amounts of octane allow a powerful piston engine to burn its fuel efficiently, a quality called "anti-knock" because the engine does not misfire, or "knock." At that time, high-octane aviation gas was only a small percentage of the overall petroleum refined in the United States. Most gas had no more than an 87 octane rating. Doolittle pushed hard for the development of 100-octane fuel (commonly called Aviation Gasoline or AvGas) and convinced Shell to begin manufacturing it, to stockpile the chemicals necessary to make more, and to modify its refineries to make mass production of high- octane fuel possible. HISTORY OF FUEL As a result, when the United States entered the war in late 1941, it had plenty of high-quality fuel for its engines, and its aircraft engines performed better than similarly sized engines in the German Luftwaffe's airplanes. Engine designers were also encouraged by the existence of high-performance fuels to develop even higher-performance engines for aircraft. HISTORY OF FUEL 2 MillionYears Ago The first Known use of fuel by our ancestor Homo Erectus, using stick and wood to make fire. 3,500 BC First Definite evidence of man’s involvement with charcoal as a fuel, found in southern Europe and Middle East. HISTORY OF FUEL 2,500 BC First definite evidence of coal burning in china. Coal was used in cooking and heating. 2,000 BC By the commencementOf bronze age in Btitish, the use of charcoal was common place. Charcoal was able to burn much higer temperature, over 1000˚C in a forge, and can smlt tin and copper together to produce bronze. HISTORY OF FUEL 1 AD China first collect Crude oil and refine petroleum for fuel for laps using oil well. 1600 -1700’s British discover how to cook coal to transform it into a hot-burning coke. This become a major fuel for the 18th , 19th ,and 20th century industry.  ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY Instruction: Answer the following question in a paragraph form. Identify the timeline in our history were fuel was invented, the persons behind the development of fuels especially aviation fuels. Honesty Clause My signature below constitutes my pledge that all of the writing is my own work, with the exception of those portions which are properly documented. ________________________ _____________________ Students Name and Signature Parent/Guardian Signature  ESSAY RUBRIC CRITERIA INADEQUATE(Belo ADEQUATE(Meets ABOVE EXEMPLARY(Far SCORE w Standard)65%-74% Standard)75%-84% AVERAGE(Exceeds Exceeds Standard)85%-92% Standard)93%-100% Organization Writing lacks logical Writing is coherent and Writing is coherent Writing shows high organization. It logically organized. and logically degree of attention to shows some Some points remain organized with logic and reasoning coherence but ideas misplaced and stray transitions used of points. Unity lack unity. Serious from the between ideas and clearly leads the errors. topic.Transitions paragraphs to create reader to the evident but not used coherence. Overall conclusion and stirs throughout essay. unity of ideas is thought regarding the present. topic. Level of Content Shows some thinking Content indicates Content indicates Content indicates and reasoning but thinking and reasoning original thinking and synthesis of ideas, in- most ideas are applied with original develops ideas with depth analysis and underdeveloped and thought on a few ideas. sufficient and firm evidences original unoriginal. evidence. thought and support for the topic. Development Main points lack Main points are present Main points well Main points well detailed development. with limited detail and developed with developed with high Ideas are vague with development. Some quality supporting quality and quantity little evidence of critical thinking is details and quantity. support. Reveals high critical thinking. present. Critical thinking is degree of critical weaved into points. thinking. Grammar Spelling, punctuation, Most spelling, Essay has few Essay is free of &Mechanics and grammatical punctuation, and spelling, punctuation, distracting spelling, errors create grammar are correct and grammatical punctuation, and distraction, making allowing reader to errors allowing grammatical errors; reading difficult; progress the essay. reader to follow ideas absent of fragments, fragments, comma Some errors remain. clearly. Very few comma splices, and splices, run-ons fragments or run-ons. run-ons. evident. Errors are frequent. GRADE(score/4)