AM0AD6pTSWesvczzRPtd_Muscle pairings.pdf

Origins and Insertions ORIGIN: The unmoving end of a muscle that is attached to a fixed bone. Proximal attachment: the one nearest to the K : centre midline of the body. A C / /...

Origins and Insertions ORIGIN: The unmoving end of a muscle that is attached to a fixed bone. Proximal attachment: the one nearest to the K : centre midline of the body. A C / / H Muscles may have more than one origin. d y. e.g. quadriceps (4), triceps (3), biceps (2) b o o f r t y INSERTION: The end of a muscle attached to p e o the bone that usually moves during r P contraction. Distal attachment: the one furthest away from the centre midline. Usually muscles have a single insertion. Property of.body//HACK:  Muscle Pairings of K : A C / / H the upper d ybody. b o o f r t y p e r o P Property of.body//HACK: Biceps Brachii Flexion of the elbow Flexion of the shoulder Supination of the forearm K : A C / / H d y. b o The Biceps Brachii is a o f superficial muscle on r t y the anterior surface of p e the upper arm. It has a r o short head and a long P head which merges to form a prominent belly. Property of.body//HACK: Triceps Extension of the elbow Extension & Abduction of shoulder K : A C / / H d yThe Triceps Brachii is. b o the only muscle o f located on the r t y posterior side of the p e arm. It is made up of 3 r o superficial heads: long, P lateral and medial all of which are easily accessible. Property of.body//HACK: Pec Major Flexion, Horizontal flexion, Adduction, internal rotation of the shoulder K : A C / / H d y The Pectoralis major. b o fans across the chest o f and is considered a large r t y and powerful muscle. Its p e fibres are easily r o accessible and divided P into 3 segments: the clavicular, sternal and costal fibres Property of.body//HACK: Pec Minor Depression & protraction of the scapula K : The Pectoralis minor lies A C deeper and is smaller / / H than the Pectoralis d y major. It runs from the. b o 3rd-5th ribs to the o f forward projection of r t y the shoulder blade to p e stabilise the shoulder r o blade into the chest wall P & works with the serratus anterior to abduct/protract the scapula. It is accessed by sliding underneath the thick Pec major. Property of.body//HACK: Rhomboids group Retraction, Elevation & Inferior rotation of the scapula K : A C Major The Rhomboid / and/ H Minor are 2 o dyseparate muscles that f. b work together to y o attach the scapula to e r t the spine so they play a key role in the o p P r stability of the scapula and are important for any upper limb movement. The Rhomboids group are located underneath the Trapezius in the upper back. The Rhomboid Major is thinner, flatter & twice as wide as the Rhomboid Minor Property of.body//HACK: Trapezius (T1, T2, T3) Neck Extension, lateral flexion, rotation (T1) shoulder girdle Elevation (T1), Retraction (T2), depression(T3) K : Facilitate shoulder abduction from 90 degrees+ A C / / H dy. b o The Trapezius lies o f superficially across the r t y neck, upper and mid p e back appearing like a r o ‘cape’ over the P shoulders. Its fibres, all of which are highly palpable, can be divided into 3 groups: Upper (T1), Middle (T2) and Lower (T3). Property of.body//HACK: Latissimus dorsi Adduction, Extension internal rotation of the shoulder K : The Latissimus dorsi is A C a broad, flat muscle / / H that is the largest of d y. b o the back. It is a powerful extensor of o f the shoulder. r t y Although it is difficult p e to isolate the exact r o ends of the muscle, P the middle part is easy to access and palpate. Along with the Levator scapulae, Trapezius and Rhomboids, the Latissimus dorsi belongs to the superficial layer of the extrinsic back muscles. Property of.body//HACK: Deltoid Abduction, flexion/extension, horizontal flexion/extension, internal/external rotation of the shoulder K : A C / / H d y. b o o f r t y p e r o P The Deltoid is a triangular-shaped muscle that surrounds the shoulder joint and gives it its rounded contour. Its fibres can be divided into 3 groups which are all palpable easily: Anterior, Middle and Posterior Property of.body//HACK: Serratus Anterior Protraction of the scapula K : A The SerratusC Anterior lies H / / along the posterior o dylateral ribcage and is f. b often referred to as the ‘superhero’ muscle. It y o e r t extends from the ribs to the medial border of the o p P r scapula. It abducts the scapula causing protraction (antagonistic to the Rhomboids) Property of.body//HACK:  K : A C H / / Musclesoof dy the f. b Rotator y o Cuff e r t o p P r Property of.body//HACK: SITS (Rotator cuff muscles) K : A C / / H d y. b o o f r t y p e r o P 1. Supraspinatus 2. Infraspinatus Vs. 4. Subscapularis 3. Teres minor Property of.body//HACK: Supraspinatus Abduction and stabilization of the shoulder joint K : A C / / H d y. b o o f r t y p e r o P The Supraspinatus is the smallest muscle of the Rotator Cuff and the most superior of these muscles. It abducts the arm from 0-15 degrees, and assists the deltoid from 15- 90 degrees Property of.body//HACK: Infraspinatus External rotation, abduction, horizontal extension and stabalization of the shoulder. K : A C / / H d y. b o o f r t y p e r o P The Infraspinatus is a triangular-shaped muscle and is located on the Scapula in the back of the shoulder. Often, the Infraspinatus and the Supraspinatus are grouped together as one unit because of their proximity and complementary functions. Property of.body//HACK: Teres Minor External rotation, abduction and stabalization of the shoulder K : A C / / H d y. b o o f r t y p e r o P The Teres minor is located in the Rotator Cuff, just below the Infraspinatus and above the Teres major. It originates from the posterior surface of the scapula, adjacent to its lateral border. It attaches to the greater tubercle of the humerus. Property of.body//HACK: Subscapularis Internal rotation of the shoulder K : A C / / H d y. b o o f r t y p e r o P The Subscapularis is the largest muscle of the Rotator Cuff and the most superficial of this muscle group. It originates from the posterior surface of the scapula, adjacent to its lateral border. It attaches to the greater tubercle of the humerus. Property of.body//HACK: Teres Major Extension, Adduction & Internal rotation of the shoulder K : A C / / H d y. b o o f r t y p e r o P The Teres major is a superficial muscle along the latera border of the scapula. It attaches to the Posterior Scapula and the Humerus, right at the back of your armpit. It is regarded as the little brother of the Latissimus Dorsi because it functions as a complete synergist. Property of.body//HACK: Quadratus Lamborum Lateral flexion & Extension of the spine Lateral tilting of the pelvis The K : Quadratus A C Lamborum (QL) is a / / H thick, flattened muscle d y. b o with a quadrangular shape. Its medial o f portion is deeper than r t y the erector spinae but p e its lateral edge is r o accessible from the P side of the torso. The QL originates from the iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament and inserts onto the transverse processes of L1 – L4 and the inferior border of the 12th rib. Because it fixes the 12th rib during inspiration it makes the contraction of the diaphragm more efficient. Property of.body//HACK: Levator Scapula Elevation of the shoulder girdle Lateral flexion & Extension of the neck K : A C / / H d y. b o o f r t y p e r o P The Levator scapula is positioned along the lateral and posterior side of the neck. It is east to palpate through the fibres of the upper trapezius and from the side of the neck. Overuse of this muscle often leads to pain. Property of.body//HACK:  Muscle Pairings of K : A C / / H the Lower d ybody. b o o f r t y p e r o P Property of.body//HACK: Quadriceps 1. Rectus Femoris Extension of the knee 2. Vastus intermedialis Flexion of the hip 3. Vastus medialis 4. Vastus lateralis K : A C The / / H Rectus femoris y (superficial) located on d. b o the anterior thigh is the o f only muscle that crosses r t y the hip and knee The Vastus intermedius is p e r o deeper than the rectus P femoris The Vastus medialis forms a ‘teardrop’ shape at the distal end of the medial The Quads originate from thigh the pelvis and upper end of the thigh, converging into a The Vastus lateralis runs single tendon just above along the lateral thigh the knee. Property of.body//HACK: Hamstrings 1. Biceps femoris Extension of the hip 2. Semitendinosus Flexion of the knee 3. Semimembranosus K : The BicepsC A femoris is the mostH lateral of the y / / dhamstrings and has 2 o heads a superficial long f. b and a deeper short head. y o e r t The Semitendinosus lies superficial to the deeper o p P r Semimembranosus, both of which are located more medially on the posterior thigh. The hamstrings are located along the posterior thigh. They have a common origin at the ischium and their tendons are easily palpable. Property of.body//HACK: Gasrocnemius Plantarflexion of the ankle joint Flexion of the knee joint K : A C The Gasrocnemius lies / within / H the superficial d y compartment of the. b o posterior leg. It has o f medial and lateral heads r t y which combine to form p e a single muscle belly; r o the characteristic “calf” P shape of the leg. the muscle belly converges with the soleus muscle to form the calcaneal tendon. This inserts onto the calcaneus. Property of.body//HACK: Soleus Plantarflexion of the ankle joint Flexion of the knee joint K : The SoleusC lies within the HA y / / compartment superficial of the d o posterior leg. It is a flat f. b muscle located y o underneath the e r t gastrocnemius, It gets o p its name from its P r resemblance to a sole – a flat fish. Property of.body//HACK: Tibialis anterior Dorsiflexion of the ankle joint & inversion of the foot K : The Tibialis Canterior lies A within/H the y / anterior o d compartment of the lower. b leg. It can be palpated just y of lateral to the shaft of the er t tibia bone. The muscle originates from the lateral o p P r surface of the tibia and attaches to the medial cuneiform bone and the base of the first metatarsal bone. Property of.body//HACK: Gluteus maximus Extension, Abduction and External rotation of the hip joint Stabilization of the pelvis K : A C / / H d y. b o o f r t y p e r o P The Gluteus maximus is the most superficial of the buttocks muscles and is the biggest and strongest muscle in the entire body. Property of.body//HACK: Psoas major Flexion & External rotation of the hip & trunk Lateral flexion/stabilization of the vertebral column K : A C / / H d y. b o o f r t y p e r o P The Psoas Major muscle is the only muscle that connects the trunk to the lower limb. It is a long, thick muscle located immediately lateral and on both sides of the lumbar spine. It combines with the iliacus muscle to form the iliopsoas – the major flexor of the thigh at the hip joint. Property of.body//HACK: Illiacus Flexion & External rotation of the femur at the hip Flexion of the trunk K : A C / / H d y. b o o f r t y p e r o P The Iliacus is located in the Iliac Fossa and is shaped to fit this bone. It is flat, and combines with the Psoas Major to form the Iliopsoas. Property of.body//HACK: Adductors Adduction of the hip Extension & external rotation of femur Flexion & internal rotation of femur K : A C 1. / H Gracilis / d 2. y Adductor Magnus. b o 3. Adductor Longus o f 4. Adductor Brevis r t y 5. Pectineus p e o r is the most superficial and medial of the ThePGracilis muscles in this compartment. It crosses at both the hip and knee joints. The Magnus is the largest, most powerful and the most complex as it divides into an adductor and a hamstring portion. The Longus is a large, flat muscle. That partially covers the Brevis and Magnus. The muscle forms the medial border of the femoral triangle. Brevis is a short muscle, lying underneath the Longus Property of.body//HACK: Abductors Abduction & Rotation of the hip Stabilization of pelvis Primary Secondary K : 1. Gluteus medius 1. Piriformis A C 2. Gluteus minimus / 2. Sartorius / H 3. Tensor fasciae latae d y 3. Gluteus Maximus (TFL). b o o f r t y p e r o P Property of.body//HACK: Gluteus medius Abduction and Internal rotation (partial) of the hip – anterior fibres Extension & External rotation of the hip – posterior fibres K : A C / / H d y. b o o f r t y p e r o P The Gluteus Medius is fan-shaped and lies between the Gluteus maximus and the minimus both in location and size. It is similar in shape and function to the gluteus minimus. Property of.body//HACK: Gluteus mimimus Abduction and Internal rotation (partial) of the hip joint Stabilization of the pelvis K : A C / / H d y. b o o f r t y p e r o P The Gluteus minimus is is the deepest and smallest of the Glute muscles. It is similar in shape and function to the Gluteus medius Property of.body//HACK: Piriformis Abduction and External rotation of the hip joint K : A C / / H d y. b o o f r t y p e r o P The Piriformis is a small flat muscle that lies superficial to the sciatic nerve and deeper than the Gluteus maximus. It is one of 6 deep lateral rotators of the hip. Property of.body//HACK: Sartorius Flexion, Abduction & external rotation of the hip Flexion & internal rotation of the knee K : A C / /H d y Sartorius is The the. b o longest muscle in the o f body as it extends from r t y the Anterior Superior p e Iliac Spine (ASIS), across r o the front of the thigh, to P the medial aspect of the knee to finally attach to the tibia. Property of.body//HACK: Tensor Fascia Latae Flexion, Abduction & internal rotation of the hip Stability of the Lumbo-pelvic region K : C The TFL lies between A / / H the superficial and deep d y fibres of the iliotibial. b o (IT) band. In most o f people, the TFL muscle r t y belly ends before the greater trochanter of p e r o the femur. It is about P 15cm in length and plays a key role in pelvic Lumbar stability The TFL originates from the ASIS & Iliac crest and attches to the IT band. It works with the gluteus maximus, medius, minimus for hip flexion, abduction & internal rotation. Property of.body//HACK:  K : A C H / / Muscles of d y the. b o Core o f unit r t y p e r o P Property of.body//HACK: The Pelvic Floor Urinary and faecal continence Support of abdominopelvic viscera Resistance to increases in intra-pelvic/ abdominal pressure K : A C / / H d y. b o o f r t y p e r o P The Pelvic floor muscles form a large sheet of skeletal muscle that is thicker in some areas than in others. They help stabilize the core while assisting with essential bodily functions, like urinating, defecating and sexual intercourse. Property of.body//HACK: Diaphragm Draws down central tendon of the diaphragm Contraction & relaxation alters the volume of thorax & lungs during inhalation/exhalation. K : A C The diaphragm is a / H double-domed / d y musculotendinous sheet,. b o located at the inferior- o f most aspect of the rib r t y cage. It is the primary p e muscle of respiration. It r o separates the upper and P lower thoracic cavities. Its fibres have a number of attachments that converge at a central tendon. Property of.body//HACK: Erector spinae Extension & Lateral flexion of the spine 1. Spinalis K : 2. Longissimus A C 3. Iliocostalis y //H d o The Erector spinae is f. b a group of 3 y o branches of muscles e r t that run from the o p sacrum to the base P r of the skull. The Spinalis is the smallest and runs closest to the spine and lamina groove. The Longissimus and Iliocostalis form a visible mound alongside the lumbar and thoracic spine. Property of.body//HACK: Rectus abdominis Flexion & Lateral flexion of the spine Posterior tilting of the pelvis K : A C / / H d y. b o o f r t y p e r o P The Rectus abdominis is a long, paired muscle running down on each side of the anterior abdominal wall and is the most superficial of the abdominal muscles. It is split into two by the fibrous tissue of the linea alba. This is what gives it the ‘6 pack’ or ‘washboard’ look Property of.body//HACK: Internal Obliques Rotation & Lateral flexion of the spine : The Internal obliques K C is a thin muscle of A the / / H anterior d yabdominal wall. It is a. b o broad, muscle, sheet-like located o f deeper than the r t y External obliques & p e wraps around the r o P waist. The muscle runs up and towards the midline from its origin. Property of.body//HACK: External Obliques Rotation & Lateral flexion of the spine K : A C obliques The External H largest & most is /the / o dysuperficial of the 3 f. b flat muscles of the y o lateral anterior e r t abdominal wall. It is best palpated at its o p P r attachments to the lower ribs. Property of.body//HACK: Multifidus Extension & Rotation of the spine K : A C / / H d y. b o o f r t y p e r o P The Multifidus is a series of small muscles which travel up the length of the spine. These surprisingly thick muscles are accessible in the lumbar region and are the only muscles that have fibres lying across the posterior of the sacrum Property of.body//HACK: